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1. 'Agreement between His Majesty's Government and the Ruler of Kalba - Shaikh Said bin Hamad for Providing Facilities for Aeroplanes at Kalba, Concluded this 28th Day of August 1936 i.e. 9th Jamad Ath Thani 1355'
- Description:
- Abstract: This printed memorandum is a copy of an agreement signed by Said bin Hamad [Sa‘īd bin Ḥamad Āl Qāsimī], ruler of Kalba, and Major Tom Hickinbotham, officiating Political Agent, Bahrain, dated 28 August 1936 or 9 Jamādá II 1355, concerning arrangements for air facilities at Kalba. The agreement contains fourteen numbered paragraphs and covers the provision of a landing ground, beacon, buoys, petrol store and a shelter for passengers, guards, rent of the site, labour, and alcohol.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation for this description commences at folio 1, and terminates at folio 1, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
2. 'Agreement relating to the Kalba Oil Concession [between] His Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom and Petroleum Development (Trucial Coast) Limited'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file concerns an agreement between His Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom and Petroleum Development (Trucial Coast) Limited, which relates to the Kalba oil concession agreed between Petroleum Development (Trucial Coast) Limited and the Regent of Kalba, Shaikh Khalid bin Ahmad Al Qasimi. The agreement outlines the terms and conditions laid down by the British Government, regulating the operation of the company in Kalba. The document includes a 'pre-emption' clause which is relevant in the event of a state of national emergency or war.The agreement is signed by John Charles Walton, Assistant Under-Secretary of State for India, on behalf of the British Government, and is witnessed by H S Painter from the India Office, as well as receiving the seal of Petroleum Development (Trucial Coast) Limited.Physical description: The foliation sequence commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 3; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
3. 'Persian Gulf. Procedure to be adopted in negotiations with Arab & Persian Gulf Rulers'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file consists of correspondence, minutes and telegrams emanating from the Government of India; the India Office; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Lieutenant-Colonel Trenchard Craven William Fowle); and the Air Ministry, London. The papers concern negotiations with the Sheikh of Kalba [Sa‘īd bin Ḥamad Āl Qāsimī] over the use of Kalba as an emergency landing ground for aircraft, and the general approach to be adopted in such negotiations with the Arab rulers of the Persian Gulf littoral in future.The covering dates of the correspondence in this file are 1 October 1932 - 22 February 1933; the closing date in the overall date range is supplied by a note on the first item of correspondence (folio 2).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at 1 on the front cover and terminates at 19 on the back cover. The numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and appear in the top right corner of the recto page of each folio.
4. ‘Persian Gulf. Aggressions of Sheikh Syf bin Humood upon the territories of the Acting Governor of Muskat and the projected attack by Sheikh Sultan bin Sugger upon Khai Fakawn Kulla and Shiras. – Vol: 22’
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, consultations, and minutes cited in, or enclosed with, political letters from the Government of Bombay. These political letters appear in IOR/F/4/2349/123808. The correspondents are: the Government of Bombay; Major Samuel Hennell, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; and Syed Soweynee [Sayyid Thuwaynī bin Sa‘īd Āl Bū Sa‘īd], Acting Governor of Muskat [Muscat]. It is the twenty-second in a series of twenty-four items on events in the Persian Gulf.The item concerns:The incursions of Sheik Syf ben Humood [Sayyid Sayf bin Hamūd Āl Bū Sa‘īd] onto Syed Soweynee’s territoryThe ambitions of Sheik Sultan ben Sugger [Shaikh Sulṭān I bin Ṣaqr al-Qāsimī of Sharjah and Ra’s al-Khaymah] to attack Khor Fakawn [Khawr Fakkan, also written as Khai Fakawn], Kulla [Kalba], and Shinas [also written as Shiras]The circumstances under which Muscat gained control of Khor Fakawn from Sultan ben Sugger.The item contains a contents page and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Draft no 334 of 1850’, ‘Coll[ection] 4’, and ‘Collection No 2 of No 1’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 405, and terminates at f 413 as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
5. 'File 22/12 Situation at Diba'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence, mainly between 1941 and 1944 and starts with reports of the building of a fortified tower at the town of Diba [Dibba] (also spelt Dhibah, Daba) by the minority Qawasim [Āl Qawāsim] (also spelt Jawasim) inhabitants, subjects of the Regent of Kalba [Kalbā'], for protection from cross-border raids by the local Shihuh [Shiḥūḥ] (also spelt Shahuh) majority population, subjects of the Sultan of Muscat. The correspondence discusses the opposition of the Muscat authorities both to the building of this defensive post on the boundary between Qawasim and Shihuh territory and to the occupation of three Qawasim villages in nearby Wadi Madha land in the Shamaliyah District, by armed men sent by the Regent of Kalba, in response to an appeal by the villagers for protection against Shihuh attacks. Also reported are the several visits to Diba by official representatives from Muscat and Kalba, as well as local British officials, to secure a temporary truce and resolve the more or less permanent state of tribal conflict existing in the locality, by negotiating a lasting peace settlement.The main correspondents are the Residency Agent and the Political Officer for the Trucial Coast, (both based at Sharjah); the Political Agents for Bahrain and Muscat; and the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf. There are also English translations and one Arabic transcript of several letters from Shaikh Khalid bin Ahmad [Āl Qasimī, Shaikh Khālid bin Ahmad] the Regent of Kalba to the Residency Agent, Sharjah, mainly in 1941, about repeated attacks on Diba by the Shihuh and the progress of his peace negotiations with the representative of the Sultan of Muscat and Oman. There are English translations of several other letters from the Sultan of Muscat and Oman and his ministers, to the Regent of Kalba and the British Consul Muscat, about outbreaks of fighting between the Shihuh and Qawasim at Diba, including a list of Shihuh complaints against the Qawasim (folio 70) and the peace agreement made in 1941 (folio 74).The file also includes a small, black and white photograph (folio 78) of the fortified tower at Diba, taken in 1944 by the Political Officer for the Trucial Coast, Sharjah, after it had been rebuilt in contravention of the peace agreement between the Qawasim and Shihuh inhabitants.Physical description: Foliation: The main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover (f 1) and terminates at the back cover (f 90); these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in the file. These numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence.
6. 'CONFIDENTIAL 86/7-II B-35 OIL TRUCIAL COAST & OMAN'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence between the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Trenchard Craven Fowle); the Political Agent at Bahrain (Percy Gordon Loch), the India Office (John Charles Walton); the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (L Lefroy, Edward Henry Ommaney Elkington, Hajji ‘Abdullah Williamson) and Petroleum Concessions Limited (John Skliros) on the subject of possible concessions with the Trucial Coast Shaikhs and the formation of a new company, Petroleum Concessions Limited to undertake negotiations for these concessions.Matters discussed include:correspondence from Hajji ‘Abdullah Williamson, negotiator for the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (AIOC) discussing what he had learned of the extent and boundaries of Abu Dhabi territory; his negotiations with the Shaikh of Abu Dhabi and his eventual success in securing a two year option, including a copy of the agreement signed between Shaikh Shakhbut bin Sultan (Shaikh Shakhbūt bin Sulṭān bin Zāyid Āl Nahyān), Ruler of Abu Dhabi and the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company. Also included in the correspondence is information on the different tribes and tribal groups within Abu Dhabi; the availability of water, livestock and food supplies; and transport options within the country;the decision by the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company to form a new subsidiary company, Petroleum Concessions Limited (PCL) to take on the options obtained from Trucial Coast Shaikhs and exploit potential concessions should oil be found. The correspondence is primarily between Sir John Skliros, Chairman of Petroleum Concessions Limited, Langlois Massy Lefroy and Edward Henry Ommaney Elkington of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company, and representatives of the India Office discussing the establishment of PCL and their interest in negotiating an extension of their options to five years and including draft concessions in those extensions. Enclosed within the volume are PCL’s proposed draft concession agreements for Ras-al-Khaimah [Ra's al Khaymah], Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Sharjah, Kuwait Neutral Zone and Bahrain; the two year option agreement signed with Shaikh Rashid bin Homaid [Rāshid Bin Ḥumaid Al-Nu`aimī], Ruler of Ajman ; and interest in an option in Umm-ul-Quwain [Umm al Qaywayn];correspondence from Saiyid Said bin Taimur [Sayyid Sa‘īd bin Taymūr Āl Bū Sa‘īd], Sultan of Muscat expressing a desire to have a mineralogical survey undertaken within his territories, as although the Anglo-Persian Oil Company (now the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company) had surveyed the area in the past he wished to have a second opinion to settle the question of whether or not there might be oil;attempts by Major Frank Holmes to form a British Company to pursue possible Oil Concessions on the Trucial Coast, which failed, and his subsequent appointment by Petroleum Concessions Limited to act as their negotiator in the Persian Gulf;the question of whether an option for Kalba [Kalbā] would be of interest and discussing its complicated political status involving the Shaikh’s of Sharjah and Ras al Khaimah;discussion over the wording of the option agreement between the Shaikh of Ras-al-Khaimah and AIOC and whether it covers the island of Tamb (also given as Tanb) [Greater Tumb].Correspondence with the various Trucial Coast Shaikhs is in Arabic, with translations in English, and the letter-head for the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company is in Persian and English.A series of file notes which were maintained as a record of the correspondence in the volume can be found at folios 200-204.Physical description: Foliation: The main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 7-199; these numbers are also written in pencil, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence, but they are not circled. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
7. ‘File 12/11 Piracy. (1) Alleged piracy in Muscat territory of boom belonging to Ibrahim bin Juma Doi, merchant of Muharraq Bahrain (2) Jolliboat No. 1495 BN belonging to Mohamed bin Amin of Muharraq reported missing since 2 June 1935’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file comprises correspondence relating to at least two alleged or suspected cases of piracy. The first case in the file (case number 2 in the file title) comprises a letter from Charles Dalrymple Belgrave, Advisor to the Government of Bahrain, to the Political Agent at Bahrain (Lieutenant-Colonel Percy Gordon Loch), dated 2 June 1935, reporting the disappearance of a loaned boat, and requesting enquiries be made as to its whereabouts. Further correspondence contains the responses to enquiries made by the Political Agent to the Residency Agent at Sharjah, the Ruler of Qatar (Shaikh ‘Abdullāh bin Jāsim Āl Thānī), and the Political Agents at Muscat and Kuwait, and a further letter from Belgrave to the Political Agent, dated 1 April 1936, reporting that the boat has been returned (ff 3-15).The second case in the file (case number 1 in the file title) comprises a letter from Belgrave to the Political Agent at Bahrain, dated 4 June 1935, reporting the shipwrecking of a boat belonging to a Muharraq merchant (Ibrahim Joomah Doy) at Raf-al-Jazeri, and the seizure of the vessel’s cargo by the Ruler of Maseyda [Maṣīrah] and his people. Also included are statements made by Ibrahim Joomah Doy and the boat’s nakhuda, and correspondence between Belgrave and the Political Agent clarifying where the incident took place (ff 24-36).The remainder of the correspondence in the file, dated August 1937 (ff 37-44), is incomplete, and appears relate to other incidents of alleged piracy on the Trucial Coast, including a shooting incident on a vessel at Kalba, resulting in the death of two members of crew (ff 37-38).Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 45; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 3-14 and between ff 24-44; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence.
8. 'File 14/235 I (B Series 8/2) Succession to the Shaikhdom of Kalba and Kalba affairs'
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume contains correspondence on two topics: the succession of the Shaikhdom of Kalba and secondly, Kalba affairs. Letters report that in 1937 Shaikh Said of Kalba died and the people of Kalba elected his son Hamad, a boy of twelve, but the right of succession by the firstborn child was not recognized by other rulers. The succession was contested by the Shaikh of Dibba and also Shaikh Khalid bin Ahmad, ex-Shaikh of Sharjah. The file contains translations of letters between the Arab rulers of the coast relating to this issue. A letter from Hamad bin Sai'd bin Hamad to Shaikh Sultan bin Salim, Ruler of Ras al Khaimah informs of his election and requests his protection. The Wali of Kalba writes to Sir Trenchard Fowle, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, that Shaikh Sultan bin Salim was attempting to influence the merchants of Kalba to gain the succession.The Residency Agent, Sharjah was dispatched to assess the situation; the file includes a family tree of Sharjah. In a letter to the Government of India, External Affairs Department, the Political Resident Persian Gulf noted the policy of the Government of India is one of non-interference and finally recognition as Shaikh of whoever can seize and hold the Shaikhship provided that they recognise the Treaties with His Majesty's Government entered into by their predecessor. The correspondence also notes that whilst uncertainty remained no Imperial Airways aircraft used the landing strip at Kalba.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation system in use is the sequence of numbers appearing in the top right hand corner of each folio.Condition: There are some red ink stains on the side of the folios but they do not obscure the correspondence.
9. ‘File 22/6 I Kalba’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file comprises correspondence relating to affairs on the Trucial Coast in 1951, chiefly the assassination of the Ruler of Kalba, Hamad bin Sa’id [Ḥamad bin Sa’id Āl Qāsimī] by Saqr bin Sultan bin Salim [Ṣaqr bin Sultan bin Salim Āl Qāsimī], son of the former ruler of Ra’s al-Khaymah, Sheikh Sultan bin Salim Āl Qāsimī. The principal correspondents in the file are: the Political Officer on the Trucial Coast (Arthur John Wilton); the Political Agent at Bahrain (William Scott Laver; Cornelius James Pelly; Lieutenant-Colonel Louis Alexander Gordon Pinhey); and the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Lieutenant-Colonel William Rupert Hay).Correspondence relating to the assassination of Hamad bin Sa’id, which took place in early July 1951, includes: Wilton’s initial reports of the incident (ff 46-47, ff 42-45); his trip to Kalba and his meeting with Saqr bin Sultan (ff 34-37); Wilton’s recommendations over actions to be taken against Saqr bin Sultan and his suggested candidates for ruler of Kalba (ff 10-13); discussion between British officials over the relative merits and demerits of political or forcible removal of Saqr bin Sultan; Wilton’s proposals for decisive action (ff 7-8), being of the opinion that the British Government should not condone the incident, and recommending that a Trucial Council be convened to encourage the rulers of the Trucial Coast to cooperate in removing Saqr bin Sultan (ff 30-33); Pelly and Hay’s preference for political pressure rather than direct action, and their disinclination to involve the other Trucial Coast rulers by convening a Trucial Council (ff 23-25).Other correspondence in the file relates to: the Ruler of Kalba’s proposal, in May 1951, to erect a tower on the edges of his territory (ff 55-59); the transfer in July 1951 of financial rights (tribute, or zakkat) of the village of Dhaid, between members of the Āl Qāsimī (ff 50-54).Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 60; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-59; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
10. ‘File 22/6 II Kalba’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file comprises correspondence relating to discussion amongst British officials over the fate of the Sheikhdom of Kalba in the wake of the assassination of its ruler, Ḥamad bin Sa’id Āl Qāsimī. The file is a direct chronological continuation of ‘File 22/6 I Kalba’ (IOR/R/15/2/941). The principal correspondents in the file are: the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Lieutenant-Colonel William Rupert Hay); the Political Agent at Bahrain (William Scott Laver); and the British Agent at Sharjah, also referred to as the Political Officer on the Trucial Coast (Arthur John Wilton).Correspondence includes: Wilton’s description of the negotiations taking place amongst the Jawasim [Āl Qāsimī] in Sharjah, over whether Sultain bin Salim should be installed as Ruler of Kalba (ff 12-15), a decision which Foreign Office officials are doubtful that they could approve (f 19); Hay’s proposals to allow Kalba to revert to Sharjah, in light of the fact that the deceased ruler, Ḥamad bin Sa’id, had no legitimate heirs (f 18); Hay’s note on the Sheikhdom of Kalba, dated 26 November 1951 (f 10). Correspondence also refers to the continued concession payments being made by Petroleum Concessions Limited (PCL) to Sheikh Khalid bin Aḥmad Āl Qāsimī, former Regent of Kalba, and proposals to blockade Wadi al Quar [Khawr] as a means of removing Saqr bin Sultan bin Salim from Kalba (ff 16-17).The first item of correspondence in the file is not directly related to the Kalba negotiations: a letter from J Gethin of the British Consulate in Muscat, to the Political Resident, dated 10 December 1951, informing the Resident that the ruler of Kalba has moved the aperture in the frontier wall separating Kalba from Oman (f 3).Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 20; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-19; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
11. 'File B/17 Kalba - Affairs regarding.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume concerns political developments at Kalba, particularly the consequences of the death of Shaikh Said bin Hamad; the minority of Shaikh Hamad bin Said; the involvement of Shaikh Sultan bin Salim [Sulṭān bin Sālim Āl Qasimī], Ruler of Ras al Khaimah, in Kalba affairs; and the appointment of Shaikh Khalid bin Ahmad bin Sultan al Qasimi [Khālid bin Aḥmad bin Sulṭān Āl Qasimī] as Regent of Kalba.The main correspondents are: the Political Agent, Bahrain (Captain Tom Hickinbotham and Hugh Weightman); the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Trenchard Craven William Fowle); and the Residency Agent, Sharjah (Khan Sahib Saiyid Abdur Razzaq).The papers cover: reports of the death of Shaikh Said bin Hamad, Ruler of Kalba; the election of Shaikh Hamad bin Said as successor to his father, by the will of the people of Kalba; the attempt of Shaikh Khalid bin Ahmad, ex-Shaikh of Sharjah, cousin of the Shaikh of Sharjah, and son-in-law of the late Ruler of Kalba, to force the people of Kalba to appoint him Shaikh; the involvement of Shaikh Sultan bin Saqar [Sultan bin Saqr Āl Qāsimī], Ruler of Sharjah, in Kalba affairs; the maintenance of the Imperial Airways aerodrome and petrol dump at Kalba; the attempt of the Shaikh of Ras al Khaimah to take over power in Kalba, including his difficulties there, his removal by the British by naval vessel from Kalba to Bahrain, British displeasure at his actions, and his complaint against his treatment; the selection by the notables of Kalba of Barut, Head Slave of the late Shaikh of Kalba, as regent; discussion of the adoption of Shaikh Khalid as the British nominee (folio 150); discussion by British officials of the implications of official recognition of a slave, Barut, as de facto ruler of Kalba (folios 171-180); the Political Resident's suggestion that Kalba should be governed by a Council of Regency formed of notables from Kalba (folio 180); the election of Shaikh Khalid as Regent of Kalba; and correspondence concerning the payment of 2,500 rupees by the Ruler of Sharjah to Shaikh Khalid at the beginning of each pearling season as part of the agreement by which Shaikh Khalid had abdicated as Ruler of Sharjah (folios 257-261, and notes, folio 274).An entry on the title page (folio 4) states that the file was closed on 14 November 1937.The Arabic language content of the file consists of approximately forty folios of correspondence, most of it from the Political Agent, Bahrain; the Residency Agent, Sharjah; the Rulers of Ras al Khaimah, Sharjah and Kalba; and the Regent of Kalba, all with English translations.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 281; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 6-261 and ff 262-269; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. A previous foliation sequence between ff 4-275, which is circled and located in the top centre of the recto side of each folio, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
12. 'File 0205 Sharjah Affairs (Including Bani Qitab)'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence relating to affairs in Sharjah. The correspondence is principally between the Residency Agent or the Political Officer at Sharjah, the Political Agency at Bahrain, and the Political Residency in the Persian Gulf at Bushire (Bahrain from 1946).Matters covered by the file include:Shaikh Sultan bin Saqr, the ruler of Sharjah's proposal to build a fort on the island of Sir Bu Nu'air;an intercepted letter from King 'Abdul 'Aziz bin Sa'ud of Saudi Arabia to Shaikh Muhammad bin 'Ali bin Huwaidin of the Bani Qatab [Bani Qitab] tribe (August 1939);a settlement between Shaikh Sultan bin Saqr and Shaikh Khalid bin Ahmed of Kalba over the allowance given to the latter;fears of Bedouin raids in Dubai;a proposal from the Bank of India and Persian Gulf to open a branch in Sharjah;the murder of the cousin and rival of the Shaikh of Himriyah;incidents of robbery by members of the Bani Qitab and Awamir tribes;reparation work carried out on the falaj ( pl.aflāj), a network of water channels, at Dhaid.Folio 12 is a secret memorandum on the Bani Qitab tribe, written by Khan Abdur Razzak, the Residency Agent, dated 6 October 1943.Folio 51 is a genealogical chart of the Qasimi tribe.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the back cover with 52; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 2-34; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence.
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