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1. ‘Persian Gulf Plunder and destruction of a Bombay Bugla by the Nakhoda and crew who previously murdered the super cargo and two other men belonging to the vessel – Vol: 4’
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, consultations, and minutes cited in, or enclosed with, political letters from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai]. The correspondents are: the Government of Bombay; Major Samuel Hennell, British Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; British Agent at Bahrain [Ḥājī Jāsim]; and British Agent at Muscat [Ḥizqīl bin Yūsuf]. It is the fourth in a series of twenty items on the Persian Gulf (the others are IOR/F/4/2180/106055, IOR/F/4/2180/106056, IOR/F/4/2180/106057, IOR/F/4/2180/106059, IOR/F/4/2180/106060, IOR/F/4/2181/106061, IOR/F/4/2181/106062, IOR/F/4/2181/106063, IOR/F/4/2181/106064, IOR/F/4/2181/106065, IOR/F/4/2181/106066, IOR/F/4/2181/106067, IOR/F/4/2181/106068, IOR/F/4/2181/106069, IOR/F/4/2181/106070, IOR/F/4/2181/106071, IOR/F/4/2181/106072, IOR/F/4/2181/106073, and IOR/F/4/2181/106074).The item concerns a vessel from Bombay, sailing under British colours, which was plundered and set on fire, allegedly by the nakhuda, with assistance from some of the crew. The nakhuda is also accused of murdering four men on the ship, and six who left the ship in the long boat. The item includes statements from a crew member who escaped from the vessel before the fire and one who was arrested for this crime by the Syed Soweney [Sayyid Thuwaynī bin Sa‘īd Āl Bū Sa‘īd, Governor of Muscat].The item contains a contents page, and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Draft 282/47, P.C. [Previous Communication] 5573, Coll[ection]: 10, Collection No 4 of No 140’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 932, and terminates at f 949, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains an original pagination sequence.
2. 'File 35/23 Continuation of rebellion by Shaikh Salih; measures adopted for compensating the sufferers'
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence concerning the attack by the tribes of Oman on Muscat in 1895 in which British subjects lost property leading to the insistence by British officials that a tax be levied on dates coming from the rebel areas. Letters discuss the British guarantee to Sayyid Faisal bin Turki, Sultan of Muscat and the Sheikhs of Oman that whatever differences they had with the Sultan of Muscat no attack on Muscat or Muttrah would be permitted. Includes a printed report which includes a list of verified claims of British subjects for compensation on account of losses during the late disturbances. Correspondents include Political Agent, Muscat; Political Resident Persian Gulf; Deputy Secretary to the Government of India; Sayyid Faisal [Fayṣal bin Turkī] , Sultan of Muscat.Physical description: Foliation: This file has circled foliation numbers in the top right hand corner of each folio that begin on the front cover and end on the back cover.
3. 'Muscat Rising'
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence discusses the attacks on Muscat and Mutrah by the tribes of the Omani interior. Correspondence between Robert Benn, Political Agent Muscat, the Foreign Office in London and the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf discusses:The immediate context of the situation whereby in 1913 tribal forces from the interior attacked and occupied the coastal towns of Barka and Quaryat [Qurayyāt]. These were bombarded by H.M.S. Foxand Dartmouth.The context of the outbreak of World War I which emboldened the rebels as they thought no ships would be available for defence of Muscat. Reports continued to be received of the determination of Shaikh Hamyar bin Nasir, the Imam's chief Lieutenant, to harrass Matrah of the Bani Battash to attack Muscat.Discussions of troop deployment and development of armed forces by Sultan Taimur bin Faisal [Taymūr bin Fayṣal].Discussion of 'pro-German propaganda'.Timing of Imam's decision to attack on 11th January 1915.Report on the events leading up to the attack with enclosures on casualties and a letter from Shaikh Isa bin Saleh al Harithi to the Sultan of Muscat; sketch map of the attack drawn by Robert Arthur Benn, Political Agent, Muscat, to illustrate the report.Correspondents include Robert Arthur Benn, Political Agent, Muscat; Stuart George Knox, On Special Duty for Political Resident Persian Gulf; Saiyid Hamad bin Hilal [Ḥamad bin Hilāl] ; Shaikh Isa bin Saleh al-Harithi [‘Īsá Bin-Ṣāliḥ al-Ḥārithī]; Sultan of Muscat.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation system in use is the sequence of numbers appearing in a circle in the top right hand corner of each page.
4. 'P. 5. 733/1904. Muscat:- American Dispensary.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The item discusses the opening of a dispensary at Mutra [Maṭraḥ] (also given as Mutrah and Muttra) by the American Mission Hospital against the wishes of the Sultan of Muscat (Fayṣal bin Turkī Āl Bū Sa‘īd).The correspondence focuses on the diplomatic discussion between the British and United States Governments regarding the American Mission's actions and the Sultan's objections to the dispensary.The principal correspondents include the Political Agent and Consul at Muscat (Robert Erskine Holland, and Arthur Prescott Trevor), the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Percy Zachariah Cox), the Viceroy of India (Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto), members of the Council of India (Sir William Lee-Warner, Sir Hugh Shakespear Barnes), the Sultan of Muscat, the American Consul at Muscat (Mohamad Fazel, John Author Ray), the British Ambassador to the United States of America (James Bryce), and representatives of the Foreign Office and the India Office.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 38, and terminates at f 110, as part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
5. 'Maskat & Matreh'
- Description:
- Abstract: Chart 2869.Hydrographic chart covering a four-mile length of the Omani coast from Maskat [Muscat] north-eastwards to Matreh [Mutrah] on the Gulf of Oman. Portrays hydrology, including depths by soundings and contours, sands, mud and rocks, anchorages, relief by spot heights and hachures, vegetation, cultivation, roads, paths, walls, settlements and public buildings, military buildings, wells and place names, and includes topographical notes and navigational aids, including prominent buildings.Includes annotated sketch views, at unspecified scales, of Maskat from the north-north-east and the approach to Maskat Cove [Khawr Masqat] from the north-north-west.Surveyed by Lieutenant Arthur William Stiffe, Indian Navy, 1860, with upright soundings from Lieutenant Ward, 1849, and the sloping soundings from Lieutenant George Barnes Brucks and Lieutenant Stafford Bettesworth Haines, 1828. Engraved by J & C Walker. Published at the Admiralty, 1862.Physical description: Materials: Printed on paperDimensions: 481 x 624mm, on sheet 508 x 643mm
6. 'Mathra'
- Description:
- Abstract: Genre/Subject Matter:This image shows Mathra and part of the bay behind it. In the far distance at centre a settlement, perhaps Muscat itself, lines the shore. A fortified castle or tower can be seen on the near side of the bay, atop a steep rocky hill.Rocky outcrops descend from left and right to centre of the image. Much of the foreground is in shadow.Inscriptions:Lower left, below image, in pen: ‘Mathra.’Upper left, above image, in pencil, crossed-out: ‘a’Lower right, alongside image, in pencil: ‘11’Lower right, below image, in pen: ‘(Jan. 1918)’Physical description: Dimensions:70 x 96 mmCondition:The image is in good condition.Foliation:'a'; '11'Process:Silver gelatin print
7. ‘MATTRA’
- Description:
- Abstract: Genre/Subject Matter:This black and white photograph shows the town of Mattra [Muttrah], a suburb of Muscat.Inscriptions:To the left of the image, in pen: ‘Landing Ground’, ‘Track to Mattra’, ‘Road Mattra to Muscat’. Arrows in blue pen and lines in red pen indicate the positions of these features on the photograph.Physical description: Dimensions: 134 x 132mm
8. ‘File XXIX/3 THE IMAM’S RISING 1913-1920 ATTACK ON GARRISON AT BAIT-el-FALAG1914.’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence in the form of telegrams and reports of incidents of harassment against the Baluchis (Balochi) people at Ruwi, and attacks led by members of the Bani Battash tribe at the picquet at Ruwi near Bait al-Falaj where a number of sepoys were wounded. As a result a warning was issued by the Sultan of Muscat and Oman that any one approaching the picquets of the troops at Bait al-Falaj at night may be fired on. The volume also contains a report on a meeting taking place at Nizwa between the Imam of Oman and his followers.The main correspondents in the volume are the Political Agent, Muscat, the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, Bushire and the Foreign Secretary to the Government of India in the Foreign and Political Department.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the first folio with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 42; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-42; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. A previous foliation sequence, which is present between ff 40-42 and is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out. The front and back covers, along with the two leading and two ending flyleaves, have not been foliated.
9. ‘File XXIX/1 RISING OF IMAM OF NIZWA MAY 1913’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence in the form of reports, news extracts, mainly from Muscat News, and a considerable number of translated letters of notable local Omani shaikhs and members of al-Bu Sa‘id ruling family. The correspondence is mainly concerned with the rising of the Imam of Oman, Salim bin Rashid al-Kharusi against the Sultan of Oman, Fayṣal bin Turki al-Bu Sa‘idi in 1913, with the cause being the supposed leaning of the Sultan to foreign governments. The Political Agent, Muscat, the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, Bushire, as well as the Sultan of Oman, all raised concerns regarding the threat of attacks on Muscat and Mutrah by the 'rebels'. The Political Resident requested that the Sultan of Muscat issue a notification to the Omani shaikhs not to attack these towns. The Sultan then issued a warning similar to the one which was issued during the rising of the previous Imam in 1895.Among other issues discussed in the volume are:the present situation in various regions including Sama’il, Nizwa, and othersthe possible attacks by Shaikh ‘Isa bin Salih al-Harthi and his followers on British subjects in the areas under the Sultan’s controla report (ff 70-73) on the history of the rising of the Imam of Tanuf brought up to 31 July 1913the fall of Nizwa, Izki, Bidbid and Sama’il into the hands of the Imam of Omanthe British assistance to the Sultan by sending troops of 250 men to protect Muscat and Matrahnews of the Imam of Oman collecting zakat (alms) money and pulling tobacco plants from various regions in Omannews that the Imam had been discredited and his followers were quarrelling among themselvesthe death of the Sultan of Oman on 4 October 1913, and the succession of his son Taimur bin Fayṣal bin Turki al-Bu Sa‘idiAmong other correspondents in the volume are the Secretary to the Government of India in the Foreign Department, the Imam of Oman, Salim bin Rashid al-Kharusi and the Sultan of Oman, Faisal bin Turki al-Bu Sa‘idi.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 181; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.Pagination: the file also contains a printed and handwritten pagination sequence.
10. ‘File XXIX/2 THE IMAM’S RISING 1913-1920. RISING of IMAM of NIZWA in MAY 1913 & 1914’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence in the form of reports, telegrams and a number of translated letters of notable local Omani shaikhs. The correspondence is mainly concerned with the rising of the Imam of Oman, Salim bin Rashid al-Kharusi against the Sultan of Oman, Taimur bin Fayṣal bin Turki al-Bu Sa‘idi between November 1913 and December 1914.The volume contains news about the following:the Sultan’s efforts to raise money and enlist foreign aids to help him defend the region from the attack of the Imam’s forcescertain Omani shaikhs including Himyar bin Nasir al-Nabhani and ‘Isa bin Salih al-Harthi and Omani tribes including Bani Battash and the Hijriyyin who are part of the Imam’s forcesthe meetings held by the 'rebel' leaders at Nizwah, and the outcomes of those meetingsBritish officials’ concerns about the Sultan corresponding with any foreign government unrepresented at Muscat except through the British authoritythe British Government’s promise to bear the costs of expedition to re-establish the Sultan’s authority in Samailthe present situation in various regions including Barka, Nakhl, Muscat and Matrahthe fear of any attack on Muscat or Matrahthe number of troops on both sidesthe number of casualties on both sidesthe British keeping the garrisons in the area to protect Muscat and MatrahThe main correspondents in the volume are the Political Agent, Muscat, the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, Bushire, and the Foreign Secretary to the Government of India in the Foreign and Political Department.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 239; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 4-236; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
11. ‘File XXVIII/1 Internal Politics & Relations with Oman. Narrative of Muscat Affairs 1872-1893’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains printed narrative reports of the Government of India concerning internal politics and relations with the Muscat Government (also called Maskat) between 1869 and 1892. The reports are signed by Assistant Political Residents in the Persian Gulf and others. Each report is preceded by a table of contents. The reports are as follows:Muscat Affairs, October 1869 to March 1872Muscat Précis which contains papers up to proceedings, Political A., June 1873Continuation of Narrative of Muscat Affairs, June 1873 to July 1874Continuation of Narrative of Muscat Affairs, Jul 1874 to July 1875Continuation of Narrative of Muscat Affairs, August 1875 to December 1880Continuation of Narrative of Muscat Affairs, January 1881 to December 1884, (pages 179-180 of the report are missing, these have an account of the Khojas settled in Oman)Continuation of Narrative of Muscat Affairs, January 1885 to December 1888Continuation of Narrative of Muscat Affairs, January 1889 to December 1892Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 158; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 3-155; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
12. ‘File XXVIII/10 REPORT ON PRESENT CONDITIONS IN MUSCAT AND DEALINGS OF THE STATE WITH THE TRIBES NOMINALLY UNDER IT.’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence in the form of reports and diaries circulated between British Officials. The reports are concerned mainly with internal affairs in Muscat and Oman. The British Political Agent and Consul at Muscat reports to the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, Bushire, on the present conditions in Muscat and the situation of failure between the state and the tribes nominally under it. The Political Agent also provides half-yearly statements of the revenue of the Muscat State finance along with comments on Bertram Sidney Thomas’ financial reports.Among other issues included in the reports are:the news of collecting zakat(alms) money from various regions in Oman and Muscat and people’s reaction to thatShaikh ‘Isa bin Salih’s diplomacy in bringing conflicting tribes togetherthe clashes between the two main Omani factions, the Hanawi and the Ghafirithe Wahhabis’ occupation of al-Buraimi in the1800s, and how they influenced some of the tribes of al-Dhahira region who still identify themselves as Wahhabisthe relation between the Sultan of Muscat and Shaikh 'Isa bin Salih al-Harthi and his father Shaikh Salih bin Ali before himthe issue of succession of Sultan Taimur bin Faisalthe need of the British to protect al-Buraimi from the Wahhabisa summary of the history of Oman, its Ibadhisect, the establishment of the Imama(religious leadership) and the ruling family founded in 1744the rebellions of 1895 and 1913The last report in the file is of the visit of the Senior Naval Officer to the Trucial Coast in May 1931, and his notes on the internal affairs in Ras al-Khaimah and Dubai.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 59; these numbers are written in pencil and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
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