Abstract: ImprintHaag: Martinus Nijhoff, 1888Genre/Subject Matter:The volume contains 65 collotype prints (pasted on paper), 5 photolithographs, 4 lithographs and 1 other image. The majority of these – particularly the latter half of the volume – are group portraits of pilgrims en route to Mecca.These photographs were taken evidently in the same courtyard-like space, either at Jeddah or Mecca, where Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje was based from 1884. Although not clearly anthropometric, some of these images can be classified as ethnographic portraits.Other scenes are taken at Mecca and include some photolithographic reproductions of photographs that may have been taken by Muḥammad Ṣādiq Bey (1822 or 1823–1902 or 1903), an Egyptian army engineer who took the first photographs of Medina in 1861 and Mecca in 1880-81, whose photographic prints Hurgronje was aware of and may indeed have collected.Still more photographs may have been taken by al-Sayyid ʻAbd al-Ghaffār, Hurgronje’s working partner during his time in Mecca, and possibly sent to Hurgronje after his departure from the Arabian Peninsula in 1885.Finally, the print attributed to Siegfried Langer (1781.b.6/60) is not likely to have been taken by Langer, rather, according to Durkje van Der Wal in his publication Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje: The First Western Photographer in Mecca, 1884-1885 (Amsterdam : Manfred & Hanna Heiting Fund, Rijksmuseum, 2011, p. 40), the studio portrait was purchased and presented to Snouck Hurgronje.Elements1 Die Moschee und der nordwestliche Theil der Stadt2 Die Moschee3 Die Ka’bah4 Die H̱amīdijjah (von Othman Pascha erbautes Regierungsgebäude).5 Othman Pascha mit dem egyptischen Maẖmal.6 Die von Othman Pascha erbaute Hauptwache (links im Hintergrund èç Çafa).7 ‘Aun èr-Rafīq, Grossscherif von Mekka (1882– ).8 Othman Pascha, 1882–86 Generalgouverneur des H̱idjāz.9 Thorhüter der Ka’bah.10 Vornehmer indischer Kaufmann und türkische Beambte in Mekka.11 Vornehmner Kaufmann mit seinem cirkassischen Sklaven.12 Muhammad Abd-èl-‘Azīz, Sohn des reg. Grossscherifs13 Neffe des reg. Grossscherifs.14 Neffe des reg. Grossscherifs.15 Neffe des reg. Grossscherifs.16 Vornehmer Sèjjid in Mekka.17 Vornehmer Sèjjid in Mekka.18 Mu’èddin (Aufrufer zum Gottesdienste).19 Kātib (Schreiber) des Grossscherifs.20 Mekkanischer Arzt.21 Sohn des Arztes.22 Kinder aus der Familie der Benī Schēbah (Thorhüter der Ka’bah).23 Sèjjid in Mekka.24 Mekkaner.25 Kaufleute (Mekka und Djiddah).26 Ali Rèjjis (aus einem Geschlechte von Obersten der Mu’èddin, welches von Abdallah ibn Zubair herstammen soll).27 Mu’èddin (Aufrufer zum Gottesdienste).28 Mitglieder verschiedener Scherifenfamilien in Mekka.29 Mitglieder verschiedener Scherifenfamilien in Mekka.30 Mitglieder verschiedener Scherifenfamilien in Mekka.31 Mitglieder verschiedener Scherifenfamilien in Mekka.32 Ein Stück der Kiswah (der brokanten Bekleidung der Ka’bah). ¼ der Originalgrösse.33 Negersklaven mit dem Ṯúmburah-orchester.34 Pilger aus Sukapura (Java).35 Buginesische Pilger (Celébes).36 Pilger aus Solok (Sumátra).37 Pilgerin aus Banten (Java).38 Pilger aus Baçrah.39 Pilger aus Baẖrain; in der Mitte ein Schēch aus Kabul.40 Pilger aus Zanzibar.41 Pilger aus Baghdad.42 Pilger aus Mandar (Celébes).43 Pilger aus Sumbáwa.44 Pilger aus Djapára (Java).45 Pilger aus Malang und Pasurúan (Java).46 Bettelnde Pilger aus Jèmèn.47 Pilger aus Marokko.48 Indischer Pilger.49 Derwische aus Buchara.50 Haupt der Schēche für malaiische Pilger.51 Schēch für malaiische Pilger.52 Pilger aus Moko-moko und Indrapura. (West-Sumátra.)53 Pilger aus Edi. (Nord- Sumátra.)54 Schēch der Bootsleute in Djiddah mit drei Zunftgenossen.55 Süssigkeitskrämer (Djiddah).56 Ausrufer und Mäkler (Djiddah).57 Mekkanerinn.58 Lohndiener und Eunuch mit dem Kinde seines Herrn.59 Mekkanerinn im Brautanzug.60 Damen in Haus- und Strassentoilette (Djiddah). Aufnahme von Siegfried Langer.61 Pilger aus Selahar (vulgo Saleyar).62 Pilger aus Pontianak (West-Borneo); links ein dort ansässiger Araber aus H̱adhramaut.63 Pilger aus Sambas (Borneo); hinter den Pilgern steht der Wakīl (Bevollmächtigte) des Schēchs.64 Pilger aus Martapura (Süd-Borneo).65 Pilger aus Ambon, Kei und Banda; links der Sohn eines Ambonesen mit einer Mekkanerinn.66 Pilger aus Batjan (Molukken); Sohn des Sultans, Oheim des Prinzen und ein Priester.67 Pilger aus Ternate.68 Pilger aus Palembang.69 Pilger aus Korintji (Sumátra); der hinter ihnen sitzende Schēch stammt auch aus Korintji.70 Pilger aus Mandaïling (Sumátra).71 Pilger aus Gross-Atjeh mit zwei “Wakīl’s”.72 In Mekka gebräuchliche Gegenstände.73 In Mekka gebräuchliche Gegenstände.74 In Mekka gebräuchliche Gegenstände.75 In Mekka gebräuchliche Gegenstände.InscriptionsFront fly leaf, in pencil: ‘1781.b.6’ ‘Text 10077L4’Rear fly leaf, in pencil: ‘1781.b.6’Physical description: 1 three-quarter leather, published volume (c. 82 pages), illustrated with 65 collotype prints, 5 photolithographs, 4 lithographs and 1 other image
Abstract: 'G[eographical].S[ection].G[eneral].S[taff].' Series 4011, Sheet 'Medina-Mecca', Second Provisional Sheet, being a 'reprint of the First Provisional Issue with large corrections'. A compilation note cites other GSGS mapping and an Admiralty chart as source material. Covers the southern Hejaz in present-day Saudi Arabia, from the Red Sea coast to 160 miles inland, and includes routes to Mecca from, notably, Medina, Jidda [Jeddah] and Yenbo. Portrays hydrology, relief by spot heights and hachures, depth by soundings, railways, roads and tracks, telegraphs, settlements and place names, and includes topographical and navigational notes. Manuscript additions, dated 1916, portray troop and gun dispositions, and supplementary route information.The verso bears the annotation 'Arabia, Red Sea, Rabegh [Rabigh]'.Physical description: Materials: Printed, with manuscript additions in coloured ink and crayonDimensions: 885 x 808mm, on sheet 1145 x 890mm
Abstract: The item consists of copies and extracts of correspondence cited in, or enclosed with, letters from the Government of Bombay.The item consists of correspondence regarding an application by the Pasha of Egypt [Muḥammad ʻAlī Pāshā] to procure or purchase two armed ships from the East India Company with the intention of sending an expedition to recover Judda [Jeddah], Mecca and Medina from the Wahabees [Wahhabis]. The application was made through Captain Rudland, British Resident in Mocha, and his assistant John Benzoni, Assistant to the British Agency in the Red Sea. The correspondence also concerns the general desire of the Pasha to strengthen connections with the British Government and the potential advantages and disadvantages of such a relationship.The correspondence consists mainly of letters between Captain Rudland, John Benzoni and the Government of Bombay. The other correspondents are: Governor-General and Council at Fort William; Francis Warden, Chief Secretary to the Government of Bombay; Court of Directors of the East India Company.The Pasha is alternatively referred to in the item as: Mahomed Ally Bashaw; Bashaw; Pacha; Viceroy of Egypt.Captain Rudland is alternatively referred to in the item as: Agent in the Gulph [Gulf] of Arabia; British Agent in the Persian Gulph.The title page of the item contains the following references: 'Political No. 22, Season 1814/15, Draft 20' and 'Examiner's Office November 1812'.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 145, and terminates at f 154, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
Abstract: The file consists of a confidential printed report entitled 'Sherif of Mecca'. The report contains transcriptions of correspondence, a statement by a messenger (described below), and notes relating to Sherif Hosayn, the Sherif [Shereef] of Mecca [Ḥusayn bin ‘Alī], particularly in terms of his relations with the United Kingdom and the Ottoman Empire. The report contains the following sections:Dispatch from His Majesty's High Commissioner for Egypt (Sir Arthur Henry McMahon), dated 26 August 1915;Communication from the Sherif of Mecca to Mr Storrs [Ronald Henry Amherst Storrs], Oriental Secretary to British Representative Cairo, dated 14 July 1915;Statemement of Messenger, Mohammed Ibn Arif Ibn Oreifan, 18 August 1915;Family and Agents of the Sherif, by 'R S' [Ronald Henry Amherst Storrs], dated 19 August 1915;Note on communication from the Sherif of Mecca, by 'R S' [Ronald Henry Amherst Storrs], dated 19 August 1915;Letter from Sir Arthur Henry McMahon to His Highness the Sherif Hosayn (undated).The file contains five copies of the report, only one of which has been foliated and digitised.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation commences at 1 on the first folio and terminates at 4 on the last folio. The numbers are written in pencil, are enclosed in a circle, and appear in the top right corner of the recto page of each folio.Pagination: the document also has an original printed pagination, numbered 2-7 (folios 1-4).
Abstract: Imprint:Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1889Genre/Subject Matter:The volume contains seventeen landscape and urban scenes depicting the city of Mecca, in particular, the Masjid al-Haram, and, outside of Mecca, the grave of Maimoonah (the last wife the prophet Mohammed married), Mina and Mount Arafat. A number of these scenes are panoramic series, though they are mounted separately within the volume.Although the volume was published by Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje in 1889, it is likely that the photographs were taken by al-Sayyid ‘Abd al-Ghaffār, a doctor based in Mecca who became Hurgronje’s assistant during the six months that he was based in Mecca. The attribution has been researched by Claude Sui in ‘Travel to the Holy Land and photography in the nineteenth century’, in:
To the Holy Lands: Pilgrimage centres from Mecca and Medina to Jerusalem(Mannheim: Reiss-Engelhorn Museum, 2008), pp 56-63.Arabic script, written onto many of the negatives, has been erased subtly, but is visible upon close inspection in the prints (with the exception of image 6, 9b, 18a and 18b, respectively X463/6, X463/10, X463/19, X463/20).A short text written by Snouck Hurgronje introduces the volume and is dated March 1889. A list of plates follows this text and precedes the plates themselves.Elements:1 Ansicht der Moschee, während darin ein gemeinschaftliches Çalāt abgehalten wird (vergl. hierzu Mekka, Bd. II, S. 88).2 Erste Ansicht der Stadt Mekka: links im Hintergrund die Festung Djijād. Das grosse Gebäude rechts ist ied [
sicfor ‘die’] H̱amīdijjah, links daneben die Druckerei.3 Zweite Ansicht der Stadt Mekka über die nordwestliche (rechts) und die südwestliche Seite (links) der Moschee hinaus.4 Dritte Ansicht der Stadt Mekka: links die nördliche Ecke der Moschee; ein wenig südostlich von derselben das Bāb ès-salām, durch welches die Pilger in die Moschee eintreten.5 Vierte Ansicht der Stadt Mekka.6 Die (vor wenigen Jahren errichtete) Druckerei in Mekka.7 Das Grab der Sittanā Mèjmūnah und Lager dorthin gepilgerter Mekkaner (vergl. für die Beschreibung des Festes der Sittanā Mèjmūnah Mekka, Bd. II, S. 52ff.).8 Zweite Ansicht des Lagers der Mèjmūnahpilger.9 A. Dritte Ansicht desselben; im Hintergrund windet sich der Weg nach Mekka.9 B. Das Grab der Mèjmūnah und die nächste Umgebung.10 Westlicher Theil des sich von Westen nach Osten erstreckenden Thales Muna (Mina) während der grossen jährlichen Pilgerversammlung.11 Oestlicher Theil des Thales Muna.12 Die zwischen Muna und ‘Arafah gelegene Pilgerstation Muzdal’fah.13 Der Berg ‘Arafah während der jährlichen Pilgerversammlung (von Süden aus gesehen).14 Oestliche Seite des Berges ‘Arafah.15 Westliche Seite des Berges ‘Arafah.16 Pilgerlager in der Ebene östlich vom ‘Arafah-berge.17 Das Reitkameel (Hèdjīn) des Scherīf Jaẖja, eines Sohnes des Scherīf Aẖmed, dessen Vater der berühmte 1886 verstorbene Grossscherīf Abd èl-Muṯṯálib (vergl. über diesen letzten König Mekka’s vom alten Schlage Mekka, Bd. I, S. 16ff., 174ff.), mit einer reich mit Silber gestickten Satteldecke (batāt). Den Zaum hält der Sklave Jaẖja’s; neben diesem steht Jaẖja selbst im Reiteranzug und links in langen Kleidern zwei Scherife niedrigen Ranges.18 A und B. Zwei verschiedene Aufnahmen der Rīkah, des Thronsessels, auf welchen man in Mekka die jungfräuliche Braut in der Duchlah-nacht zu erheben pflegt (vergl. Mekka, Bd. II, S. 167ff.). Auf B sitzt der Bräutigam dort, wo die Braut sitzen soll.Inscriptions:Inside front cover, in pencil: ‘305’ (crossed out); ‘30/9/14’ (crossed out); ‘W2982’ (former India Office Library reference, crossed out)Inside front cover, in pen: ‘X463’First additional folio, recto, in pencil: ‘21’First additional folio, recto, in pen: ‘Presented Dec. 30. 1889.’; ‘Bilder aus Mekka’First folio, recto, pencil: ‘W2982’ (crossed out)First folio, recto, ink stamp: ‘India Office Library’First folio, verso, ink stamp and pen: ‘X463 22/2/72’Last folio, verso, ink stamp: ‘India Office Library’Last folio, verso, in pencil: ‘69’Temporal Context:The images were likely taken between 1886, when Hurgronje left Mecca, and 1889, when this volume was published.According to Durkje van der Wal in his publication
Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje: The First Western Photographer in Mecca, 1884-1885(Amsterdam : Manfred & Hanna Heiting Fund, Rijksmuseum, 2011, pp. 42-51), the photographs in this publication that pertain to the hadj likely date to August 1888 since this was the period of the last hadj before February 1889, the date Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje received the final consignment of images.Physical description: Dimensions:Book: 365 x 300 x 15 mmFormat:Red and tan half leather published volume containing 20 collotype prints, pasted down.Materials:Paper, heavy weight and satin standard weight, collotype prints and ink.Condition:While binding is still sturdy, extensive scuffing and surface losses are evident, particularly on the spine and all four corners. Surface dirt throughout volume. The prints show signs of light scuffing and scratching with no major surface losses evident.Foliation:The prints are numbered as plates: I-XVIIIb.Process:CollotypeBinding:The sown spine is heavily scuffed with major surface losses. Gold lines demarcate wider bands in black-painted and tan leather. The words ‘Bilder aus Mekka’ ‘Hurgronje’ and ‘Secretary of State for India Library’ are imprinted in gold. White pigment pen at the base of the spine reads ‘X463’
Physical description: DimensionsMount (external): 349 x 450 mmMount (internal): 200 x 275 mm [landscape]FormatPhotographic print held within window mount in landscape formatMaterialsMottled blue-tinted window mount, card, gelatin silver print, indigo ink (printed), red ink (hand-painted)ConditionMount is extensively bowed, with light staining along all edges, particularly lower and right corner. Very light scuffing and wrinkling is also visible on the paper verso backing, which is under-laid by cotton strips.The print shows very little signs of toning, but is distorted gently throughout lower edge. There are surface losses, linear indentations and some puckering of the upper layer of the print at lower left corner.Foliation6 (143)ProcessGelatin silver print
Physical description: DimensionsMount (external): 345 x 450 mmMount (internal): 202 x 277 mm [landscape]FormatPhotographic print held within window mount in landscape formatMaterialsMottled blue-tinted window mount, card, gelatin silver print, indigo ink (printed), red ink (hand-painted)ConditionMount is mildly bowed, with light staining along all edges and fading along left-hand edge.=. Light staining and scuffing is also visible on the paper verso backing, which is otherwise in good condition.The print is welled towards right, left and lower edge of the image throughout, and shows signs of heavy toning. A surface loss 4.5 cm from lower and 2.5 cm from left has been in-filled. A flower-like white shape 9 cm from lower and 6.5 cm from left is a printing blemish or a flaw at the time of exposure.Foliation12 (149)ProcessGelatin silver print
Physical description: DimensionsMount (external): 346 x 445 mmMount (internal): 202 x 276 mm [landscape]FormatPhotographic print held within window mount in landscape formatMaterialsMottled blue-tinted window mount, card, gelatin silver print, indigo ink (printed), red ink (hand-painted)ConditionMount is mildly bowed, with light staining along all edges, particularly right-hand. Light staining and scuffing is also visible on the paper verso backing, which is otherwise in good condition.The print is welled throughout, but otherwise shows no sign of toning. A tear 2 cm from upper and 8 cm from right has been stabilised.Foliation11 (148)ProcessGelatin silver print
Physical description: DimensionsMount (external): 350 x 446 mmMount (internal): 200 x 275 mm [landscape]FormatPhotographic print held within window mount in landscape formatMaterialsMottled blue-tinted window mount, card, gelatin silver print, indigo ink (printed), red ink (hand-painted)ConditionMount is extensively bowed, with light staining along all edges. Very light scuffing, wrinkling and staining is also visible on the paper verso backing, which is under-laid by cotton strips, while a tear below the print has been stabilised.The print shows no signs of toning and is in excellent condition save for a surface tear approximately three centimetres from lower edge and eight centimetres from right, which has been stabilised. The print has lifted and is short of the lower left corner of the mount by approximately one millimetre.Foliation4 (141) (139) [sic]ProcessGelatin silver print
Physical description: DimensionsMount (external): 350 x 446 mmMount (internal): 200 x 275 mm [landscape]FormatPhotographic print held within window mount in landscape formatMaterialsMottled blue-tinted window mount, card, gelatin silver print, indigo ink (printed), red ink (hand-painted)ConditionMount is extensively bowed and edges are scuffed on the recto, particularly lower left, with light staining along all edges. A sliver of surface material has been excised from the upper right of the internal window. Creasing, scuffing and light staining is also visible on the paper verso backing.The print is bubbled and distorted across the surface, with some loss of glossy surface in the lower left corner as well as sticky residue in the upper left.Foliation2 (139)ProcessGelatin silver print
Physical description: DimensionsMount (external): 350 x 446 mmMount (internal): 202 x 273 mm [landscape]FormatPhotographic print held within window mount in landscape format.MaterialsMottled blue-tinted window mount, card, gelatin silver print, indigo ink (printed), red ink (hand-painted)ConditionMount is extensively bowed and edges are scuffed on the recto, particularly lower left, with staining along all edges. Creasing, scuffing and light staining is also visible on the verso, which consists of a paper backing over cotton strips.The print shows signs of toning, linear indentation as well as bubbling and distortion across the surface.Foliation1 (138)ProcessGelatin silver print