Abstract: This file concerns jurisdiction over residents of Nejd [Najd] and Hasa [al-Aḥsā’] at Bahrain in the Political Agent's courts, under provisions made by the Bahrain Order in Council. Reference is also made to punishments meted out by ‘Abdullāh bin Jilūwī at Hasa (folio 12).The correspondents in the volume include: ‘Abdullāh bin Jilūwī, representative of Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] at Hasa; Lieutenant-Colonel Percy Gordon Loch, Political Agent at Bahrain; Lieutenant-Colonel Trenchard Craven Fowle, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf at Bushire; and Charles Dalrymple Belgrave, Adviser to the Bahrain Government.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover and terminates at the back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Two additional foliation sequences are also present in parallel between ff 4-18 and ff 19-21 respectively; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence.
Abstract: Enclosure no. 3 to dispatch no. 5 from the Secret Department, Bombay Castle, dated 9 May 1839. The enclosure is dated 13 March 1839.The enclosure consists of a letter signed by the Officiating Secretary to the Government of India and sent to the Government of Bombay as a reply to four forwarded letters relating to the conquest of Nedgd [Najd] by the Pacha of Egypt [Muhammad Ali]. The letter contains reactions to the conquest and instructions for the Resident in the Persian Gulf regarding the protection of Bahrein [Bahrain].Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 812, and terminates at f 818, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
Abstract: This printed report contains a memorandum by Major Harold Richard Patrick Dickson, Political Agent, Bahrein [Bahrain], dated 12 August 1920, concerning the political situation in Nejd [Najd] and Central Arabia at the end of July 1920, gathered from conversations with Abdul Aziz Al Qusaibi [‘Abd al-‘Azīz al-Quṣaybī], the agent at Bahrain of Bin Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd, Ibn Saud]; Fahad Al Bassam [Fahad Āl Bassām], merchant of Qassim [al-Qaṣīm] and Hassa [al-Aḥsā’]; Muhammad Al Hawwas [Muḥammad Āl Ḥawwās], merchant of Riyadh and Hassa; and Bedouin visitors from Bani Hajar [Banī Hājir], Bani Khalid [Banī Khālid], Dawasir [al-Dawāsir] and other tribes. The note primarily focuses on Ibn Saud's relations with Ibn Rashīd.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation for this sequence commences at folio 131, and terminates at folio 134, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between folio 7-153 of the volume; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.
Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence and consultations cited in, or enclosed with, letters from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai] to the East India Company Court of Directors.The item concerns two military campaigns conducted by Egyptian forces in the Arabian Peninsula. The first campaign is in Nedgd [Najd], is led by Sheikh Khaled bin Saud [Shaikh Khālid bin Sa'ūd Āl Sa'ūd], and aims at conquering the territories of Sheik Fysul ben Toorkee [Amīr Fayṣal bin Turkī bin 'Abdullāh Āl Sa'ūd], the Wahabee [Wahhabi] chief [Emir of Najd]. Reports on the progress of this campaign are provided by local sources in the Gulf, in particular by Mirza Mahamed Ally [Mīrzā Muḥammad 'Alī], the Native Agent at Bahrein [Bahrain], and the possible implications for the eastern Arabian coast are discussed.The second campaign, led by Abrahim Pacha [Ibrahim Pasha Kavali] is focused in the southwest of the Arabian Peninsula. The item contains: reports of the Egyptian conquest of Tauz [Taizz, also referred to as Taas in the item]; the plans of the Imaum of Senna [Imam of Sana’a] with support from the Aseer [Asir] tribe, to launch counter attacks on Tauz and Mocha; the conditions in Mocha; and the suggestion to keep HMS
Euphratesstationed in the Red Sea to protect British property and trade in Mocha.The primary correspondents are: Captain Samuel Hennell, Officiating Resident in the Persian Gulf; John Pollard Willoughby, Secretary to Government, Bombay; Mirza Mahamed Ally; and Rear Admiral Sir Charles Malcolm, Superintendent of the Indian Navy.The item contains a table of contents (f 526), and the title page (f 525) contains the following references: ‘P C [Previous Communication] 2196, No. 10, Draft 573-1838, Collection No. 10 of No. 32’ and ‘Examiner’s Office’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 525 and terminates at f 562, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains an original pagination sequence.
Abstract: The item consists of copies and extracts of correspondence cited in, or enclosed with, a Political Letter from the Government of Bombay to the East India Company Court of Directors, 30 September 1847. A copy of this Political Letter can be found at IOR/F/4/2238/112322, alongside details of further enclosures. The item is the thirtieth in a series of fifty-nine items on events in the Persian Gulf.The item relates to a report from the Native Agent at Bahrein [Bahrain], to Major Samuel Hennell, Resident in the Persian Gulf, dated 24 August 1847. The Native Agent reports on the outcomes of the recent negotiations at Nedjd [Najd] between Shaik Busheer bin Ramah [Shaikh Bashīr bin Raḥmah], (on behalf of Shaik Mahomed bin Khuleefa of Bahrein [Shaikh Muḥammad bin Khalīfah Āl Khalīfah, Shaikh of Bahrain]) and Ameer Fysul, the Wahabee ruler [Amīr Fayṣal bin Turkī bin ‘Abdullāh Āl Sa‘ūd, leader of the Wahhābī]. Hennell forwards the report on to the Government of Bombay along with his comments on the negotiations. In particular, Hennell mentions the fate of the previous Shaik of Bahrein, Shaik Abdoollah bin Ahmed [Shaikh ‘Abdullāh bin Aḥmad Āl Khalīfah], as well as Ameer Fysul’s weakened influence in the wake of the invasion of Bin Aoon [Muḥammad bin ‘Abd al-Mu‘īn bin ‘Awn, Sharīf of Mecca] and Ameer Khalid [Amīr Khālid bin Sa‘ūd].Hennell also provides a brief update on the relations between the shaiks of: Debaye [Dubai]; Shargah [Sharjah]; Aboothabee [Abu Dhabi]; and Amulgavine [Umm al-Qaywayn].The title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Bombay Political Department’, ‘Draft No. 345/48’, ‘Collection No. 2 of No. 118, Vol: 30.’ and ‘Examiner’s Office’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 415, and terminates at f 420, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
Abstract: The item consists of copies and extracts of correspondence cited in, or enclosed with, a Political Letter from the Government of Bombay to the East India Company Court of Directors, 30 September 1847. A copy of this Political Letter can be found at IOR/F/4/2238/112322, alongside details of further enclosures. The item is the twentieth in a series of fifty-nine items on events in the Persian Gulf.The item contains a letter from Major Samuel Hennell, Resident in the Persian Gulf, to the Government of Bombay, dated 8 June 1847. Hennell reports intelligence that a force under command of Bin Aoon the Shureef of Mecca [Muḥammad bin ‘Abd al-Mu‘īn bin ‘Awn, Sharīf of Mecca] and Ameer Khaled ben Saood [Amīr Khālid bin Sa‘ūd] has advanced into Nedjd [Najd] and communicated to Ameer Fysul the Wahabee Chief [Amīr Fayṣal bin Turkī bin ‘Abdullāh Āl Sa‘ūd, leader of the Wahhābī] that if he wishes to continue governing Nedjd he must pay an annual tribute to the Porte [Government of the Ottoman Empire]. Hennell further reports that Ameer Fysul replied he was authorised to govern the region by Mahomed Ally Pasha [Muḥammad ‘Alī Pāshā] and would resist any further advances until he had heard from his superior. Hennell states that the ‘general impression’ is that Ameer Fysul would not be able to successfully resist the invading force.The title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Bombay Political Department’, ‘Draft No. 345/48’, ‘Collection No. 2 of No. 118, Vol: 20.’ and ‘Examiner’s Office’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 366, and terminates at f 368, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
Abstract: The item consists of copies and extracts of correspondence cited in, or enclosed with, a Political Letter from the Government of Bombay to the East India Company Court of Directors, 30 September 1847. A copy of this Political Letter can be found at IOR/F/4/2238/112322, alongside details of further enclosures. The item is the twenty-second in a series of fifty-nine items on events in the Persian Gulf.The item contains a report from the Agent at Bahrein [Bahrain, also rendered in text as Bahreen] to Major Samuel Hennell, Resident in the Persian Gulf, dated 9 July 1847. The Agent reports that Ameer Fysul, head of the Wahabees [Amīr Fayṣal bin Turkī bin ‘Abdullāh Āl Sa‘ūd, leader of the Wahhābī], led a successful attack against the forces of Ben Aoon, Sheriff of Mecca [Muḥammad bin ‘Abd al-Mu‘īn bin ‘Awn, Sharīf of Mecca] at Nedjd [Najd]. This took place after Ameer Fysul received confirmation from Abbas Pasha [ʿAbbās Pāshā] at Alexandria that Ben Aoon’s expedition had not been authorised by the Turkish [Ottoman Empire] Government. Hennell forwards this report to the Government of Bombay, conveying his doubts that Ben Aoon would have undertaken such a sizeable expedition without prior authorisation.The title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Bombay Political Department’, ‘Draft No. 345/48’, ‘Collection No. 2 of No. 118, Vol: 22.’ and ‘Examiner’s Office’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 374, and terminates at f 377, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
Abstract: The volume contains records of correspondence (abstracts, lists, copies and originals) concerning relations between Russia and Persia during the period 1837-1875. The papers are as follows:Papers relating to Russian proceedings on the island of Ashoorada [Ashuradeh] covering the years 1837-1854 (but compiled at an unspecified later date):abstract of correspondence covering the years 1837-1854 (folios 1-13);lists of dispatches and correspondence covering the years 1837-1852 (folios 14-21A).Papers relating to Russo-Persian relations, c1860-1862:abstract of a memoir on the general policy of Russia in the East by M. Sawarykielwiez (folios 22-33). The abstract is signed WHB. A note in blue crayon on folio 22 reads '?About 1860';letter from Charles Alison, Tehran to John Russell, Earl Russell, dated 14 June 1862, enclosing a translation of a draft [not transcribed] of a secret treaty between Persia and Russia proposed during the Crimean War (original manuscript copy and two typescript copies) (folios 34-37).Copies of secret dispatches from the British Embassy at St Petersburg to the British Government, dated 1874-1875, relating to Russian activities in Transcaspia and Central Asia, with copies of supporting correspondence (folios 38-146). Many of the dispatches are in French.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at 1 on the first folio after the front cover and terminates at 157 on the back cover. These numbers are written in pencil, are enclosed in a circle, and appear in the top right hand corner of the recto page of each folio. Foliation anomalies: ff. 21, 21A; ff. 74, 74A; ff. 114, 114A; ff. 115, 115A; ff. 116, 116A; ff. 127, 127A; ff. 130, 130A; ff. 131, 131A; ff. 132, 132A; ff. 136, 136A; ff. 137, 137A; ff. 139, 139A; ff. 140, 140A; ff. 141, 141A; ff. 146, 146A; ff. 151, 151A; ff, 152, 152A.
Abstract: The volume contains full translations of some letters, and the translated substance of other letters addressed to the Resident in the Persian Gulf, the originals of which were in Arabic or Persian ['native letters inward'], for the year 1837.The correspondence falls mainly into two categories:(1) Letters from British Native Agents based at Bahrein [Bahrain], Lingah [Bandar-e-Lengeh], Muscat, Shargah [Sharjah], and Shiraz.(2) Letters from local rulers in the Persian Gulf. Those who figure most prominently include: Sultan bin Suggur [Sulṭān bin Saqr], Chief of Ras el Khymah [Ra's al-Khaymah]; Sheikh Abdollah bin Ahmed [Shaikh ‘Abdullāh bin Aḥmad Āl Khalīfah], Chief of Bahrein; Sheikh Kulufa bin Shakboot [Khalīfah bin Shakhbūt], Chief of Aboothabee [Abu Dhabi]; Sheikh Abdur Rahaman bin Suggur [‘Abd al-Rahman bin Saqr], Chief of Kishm [Qeshm]; Sheikh Maktoom [Maktūm bin Buṭṭī], Chief of Debay [Dubai]; Sheikh Nassir [Nāṣir], Governor of Bushire, and the Imam of Muscat [Sa‘īd bin Sultān Āl Sa‘īd].The correspondence concerns maritime peace and acts of piracy; trade; movements of East India Company naval vessels and other ships; the dispatch of correspondence; and local affairs, including the military operations in Nedg [Najd] of Shaikh Khalid [Khalid bin Saud] against Sheikh Fysul [Fayṣul, the Wahhabi Chief], with the assistance of Mahomed Ally Pasha [Muḥammad ‘Alī Pāshā], Ruler of Egypt, and the expedition of Sheikh Kulufa bin Shakboot against Adeed [Khor al-Udaid].Specific topics include:an approach by Sultan bin Suggur, Chief of Ras el Khymah, to renew the existing maritime truce [the Maritime Truce of 1835] (folios 27-28);news of the capture of Mombassa [Mombasa] by the Imam of Muscat (folio 29);news of the defeat of Sheikh Fysul in Nedg by Shaikh Khalid (folio 30);correspondence concerning the export of horses from Persia to Bombay, (folios 33-34);correspondence concerning Egyptian forces in Nedgd [Najd] (folios 34-36);reports submitted by the Agents at Bahrein and Shargah on the trade of those areas (folios 130-132).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at 1 on the front cover and terminates at 133, the last folio of the main run of text, but note that some text written in pencil also appears on the last folio before the back cover. The numbers are written in pencil, are enclosed in a circle and appear in the top right corner of the recto page of each folio. Foliation anomalies: ff 1, 1A, ff 93, 93A. This is the system used to determine the sequence of pages.Pagination: the volume also contains a pagination sequence, numbered 1-261, written in ink and latterly pencil (folios 2-132). The numbers appear in the top right corners of the rectos and top left corners of the versos.Condition: the volume has suffered some damage to the edges of pages, involving slight loss of text. However, the damage does not anywhere impair the sense of the text.
Abstract: The volume is
Treaties and Agreements between the British Government and Certain Arab Rulers and Agreements between the Said Rulers inter se Affecting the British Government(Calcutta: Government of India Press, 1926). The volume contains transcripts of treaties and agreements dated 1915 to 1925 relating to Najd, Qatar, Iraq, Kuwait, Trans-Jordan, and Kaf.The texts of some of the treaties and agreements appear in both English and Arabic in vertical parallel columns.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at 1 on the front cover and terminates at 25 on the back cover. These numbers are written in pencil, are enclosed in a circle, and appear in the top right hand corner of the recto page of each folio. An original printed pagination sequence is also present in the volume. The following folio folds out: f. 15.
Abstract: The first part of the volume contains correspondence to and from the Political Residency between 1912 and 1927, relating to the costs of providing refuge to slaves seeking manumission, incurred by the Persian Gulf Political Agencies and Consulates. Letters between the Treasury of the Government of India and the Political Residency discuss the annual budget allocated to the suppression of the slave trade, from which dietary expenses, as well as clothing and repatriation expenses, were taken. Amongst the particular issues discussed are the expenses related to increasing numbers of slaves originating from Baluchistan in 1923 as a result of that area’s famine, and the increasing costs of feeding slaves due to rising food costs near the end of the First World War.The second part of the volume comprises correspondence sent between the Residency and Agencies/Consulates between 1910 and 1939 on how to deal with the manumission of slaves. The file includes guidelines for manumission (folios 56-58), created by Lieutenant-Colonel Percy Cox in his capacity as Persian Gulf Political Resident in 1912. Cox’s guidelines were distributed to the Gulf Agencies and Consulates. These guidelines responded to the ambiguities present at the time in determining whether manumission should be given: the date of an individual’s enslavement, where their owner resided, the nature of their servitude (domestic or otherwise). The guidelines outline the authorities (treaties and proclamations) governing the prohibition of the slave trade in the Gulf, and grounds and procedure for manumission. Procedure for manumission varies dependent on whether slaves have come from Persia, the Arab Coast (Kuwait, Bahrain, Trucial Coast, Muscat), and slaves from Persian territory under British protection. Queries over the status of slaves from Persia occupy a significant portion of the remainder of this part of file, due to official Persian policy regarding slaves having changed with Persia’s abolition of slavery in 1928. Also included is a revised set of manumission guidelines drawn up in 1938 (folios 127-29), intended to replace Cox’s earlier rules. These updated guidelines reflect the change in Persia (now Iran’s) policy towards slavery.Physical description: Foliation: Volume is foliated from the front cover to last folio with a small number in the top-right corner of each recto. Blank folios have not been foliated.
Abstract: The volume contains correspondence and telegrams between the Political Department, the Colonial Office and the Secretary of State at the India Office in London, the Political Resident at Bushire, the Political Agents at Kuwait and Anglo Persian Oil Company (APOC) representatives. Main subjects are the negotiations for oil concessions mainly in Kuwait, but also in Bahrain and Nejd [Najd, Jubail, Saudi Arabia] against the competitor Eastern and General Syndicate Limited, represented by Major Frank Holmes, and a geological exploration of Kuwait by APOC.The volume also includes a draft agreement on the oil exploration license in Kuwait, in Arabic and English, dated 13 August 1932, between Shaikh Aḥmad al-Jābir Āl Ṣabāḥ, ruler of Kuwait, and APOC (folios 120-131), and a Map of 'Kuwait Bay' on folio 132A.Some of the documents in the volume are marked as confidential and there are some documents in Arabic.Physical description: The main foliation is in pencil, encircled and in the top right corner of the recto of each folio. The numbering commences at the front cover with 1, then 1A and 1B; 2 and 2A; 3-128; 129 and 129A; 130, 131, 132 and 132A and then it carries on until 203, which is the last number given on the back cover. A second foliation sequence runs between ff. 3-190; these numbers are also written in pencil, are not circled and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.