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1. ‘Persia – especially Seistan’
- Description:
- Abstract: This part contains papers mostly relating to British interests in Persia [Iran] and the Persian Gulf.It includes a copy of the Board of Trade Commercial Intelligence Committee ‘Report received from Mr. H. W. Maclean, the Special Commissioner appointed by the Commercial Intelligence Committee of the Board of Trade, on the conditions and prospects of British trade in Persia.’A handwritten note at the front of the file, on folio 5, states ‘Spare copy of notes & correspondence of the “Helmand Control” file (with maps)’. Folio 110 consists of handwritten notes, including one dated 27 April 1904, which states ‘The secret Helmand papers have been printed up, and a set, with necessary maps, is submitted for H.E. the Viceroy to take to England.’ Much of the file concerns the question of controlling the water of the Helmand river and irrigating its whole delta, and the work of the Seistan Arbitration Commission to arbitrate between Persia and Afghanistan on the question of rights to the water of the Helmand in Seistan.The file also includes reports by W A Johns on reconnaissances of potential railway routes made while he was attached to the Seistan Arbitration Commission, and other papers relating to railways and roads in Persia.In addition, the file includes copies of the following Government of India Foreign Department Proceedings, which reproduce received Foreign Department correspondence on the following subjects: ‘Selection of a British naval base in the Persian Gulf.’, November 1901, Nos. 74-83; ‘Visit of His Excellency the Viceroy to the Persian Gulf during November-December 1903.’, February 1904, Nos. 33-127; ‘Establishment of telegraphic communication with Henjam. Question of the selection of a naval base in the Persian Gulf. Aggressive action of the Persians at Tamb and Abu Musa; their claim to the Islands.’, June 1904, Nos. 300-388; ‘Reports of the Commercial Mission to Persia.’, June 1905, Nos. 45-111; ‘Question of retaining flagstaffs erected in the neighbourhood of the Musandim Promontory’, August 1905, Nos. 288-307.’The file also includes: brief handwritten notes written by Curzon on headed paper belonging to the Viceregal Lodge, Simla, relating to Seistan and to Lord Kitchener’s planned reforms for the reorganisation and redistribution of the Indian Army; and a printed copy of the report ‘A Note by Major H.L. [Herbert Lionel] Showers, C.I.E., on the present state of affairs in Kelat and a review of the system of Administration now being pursued.’The file includes four maps: ‘Map of the Tail waters of Helmand River’ (13 July 1903), f 122; ‘Plan Shewing Proposed Routes for a Railway from Nushki to Afghan Frontier near Robat’ (10 April 1903), f 139; ‘Extract from Admiralty Chart No. 753. (Entrance to the Persian Gulf).’ (October 1901), f 219; and ‘Sketch of route Ram Hormuz to Fellahieh.’ (April 1904), f 230.Physical description: The papers are arranged in no apparent order, apart from the Government of India Foreign Department Proceedings, folios 231 to 474, which are arranged in chronological order.
2. 'The Trucial Chiefs, 1908-28'
- Description:
- Abstract: Memorandum providing an overview of the external developments which took place in the Trucial States, covering 1908-28, and how problems presented by the States stand at the time of writing.Covering:introduction – to the memorandum itself; Trucial Chiefs; administration; responsibility of political control by the Government of India; and political expenditure;internal History, 1908-28 – noting it is not to be repeated in this memorandum, but does include a section on an agreement concerning oil concessions;external developments affecting the Trucial Sheikhs, 1908-28 – the rise of Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] and activity of the Wahabis [Wahhabis]; the reassertion of Persian authority in the Persian Gulf, particularly Henjam; and Persia challenging the independence of Trucial Chiefs, particularly Tamb;It includes a summary detailing the problem of Ibn Saud and the Wahabi [Wahhabi] movement, the question of an Imperial air route along the north Arabian coast, and the importance of British influence in the Gulf. A list of points referred to in connection with the Persian Gulf Sub-Committee, and the view expressed by the Government of India are also given.Written by John Gilbert Laithwaite of the India Office.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 53, and terminates at f 56, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
3. 'Telegraph Lines in Eastern Persia'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file consists of a report, which is attributed to Hermann Anderson Haines, Secretary, Public Works Department, and which provides a brief account of a number of agreements reached between the Government of India and the Persian Government (and between the Government of India and HM Treasury) for the construction (by the Indo-European Telegraph Department) of the following four telegraph lines: the Robat-Seistan line, the Henjam [Henjān]–Bunder Abbas line, the Lingah–Bundar Abbas line, and the Kerman–Bunder Abbas–Lingah–Jask line.The report, which was received by the Political Department on 28 June 1916, addresses each telegraph line in turn. In addition to summarising the negotiations relating to each line and the agreements that were reached, each section records the overall cost of each line, and, where applicable, the date of completion.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 5, and terminates at f 6, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
4. 'Wireless Telegraph Stations in the Persian Gulf'
- Description:
- Abstract: Written by the India Office it covers: an early history of wireless telegraphy in the Persian Gulf, including proposals for its use, from 1904-1915; the erection of stations at Bushire, Henjam, Bahrein [Bahrain], Koweit [Kuwait], Dubai, and Lingah [Bandar-e-Lengeh] from 1915-1917; Persian requests for the removal of stations in 1922; Persian prohibition of import of wireless spare parts in 1927; desiderata of His Majesty's Government on the future of the wireless stations regarding negotiations with the Persian Government, the question of the efficient retention of wireless stations, and a potential agreement between Persia and Imperial Airways; a summary of the current position as of August 1928.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 3, and terminates at f 4, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
5. 'File 3/2 Interference with Kuwait Sailing Craft on High Seas by Persian warships.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file relates to incidents of Kuwaiti sailing boats being intercepted (and in some cases seized and detained) by Persian warships and other vessels, on suspicions of smuggling. The file largely consists of correspondence between British officials regarding several specific incidents, including one case in which a Kuwaiti dhow was reportedly seized by a Persian warship (the Babr) off Henjam [Henjān], and towed to Bandar Abbas [Bandar-e ʻAbbās]. Much of the correspondence surrounding this case and others is concerned with establishing whether or not the incidents occurred within Persian territorial waters.The file discusses more generally the British perspective regarding the extent of Persia's territorial waters and the Persian Navy's right to stop and search foreign vessels in the Gulf. Also included are instructions from the Admiralty regarding the attitude that should be adopted by His Majesty's ships in the Gulf in response to incidents of interference by Persian vessels.The principal correspondents are the following:Political Agent, Kuwait;Political Resident in the Persian Gulf;British Minister, Tehran (later referred to as His Majesty's Ambassador, Tehran);British Chargé d'Affaires, Tehran;Ruler of Kuwait, Shaikh Ahmed Al-Jabir As-Sabah [Shaikh Aḥmad al-Jābir Āl Ṣabāḥ];Persian Minister for Foreign Affairs;Foreign Office;India Office;Admiralty;Persian [Iranian] Ministry of Foreign Affairs;Senior Naval Officer, Persian Gulf.Some of the correspondence dating from after 1935 refers to 'Iranian' rather than 'Persian' vessels, presumably in response to the Iranian Government's request for the international community to refer to the state by its historical name.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 275; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Two additional foliation sequences are also present in parallel between ff 3-274, and ff 6-274; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
6. 'File 3/1 II Seizure or detention of Kuwait Sailing Craft by Persians Vol. 2.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file documents a series of investigations carried out by various British officials into reports of Kuwaiti sailing boats being seized and detained by Iranian authorities. Most of the file consists of copies of telegrams between the following British officers: the Political Resident, Bushire (also serving as British Consul-General); the British Consul, Kerman; the British Minister, Tehran. Other correspondents in the file include the following: the Political Agent, Kuwait; the British Vice-Consul, Khorramshahr; the Ruler of Kuwait, Sheikh Ahmad al Jabir as Sabah [Shaikh Aḥmad al-Jābir Āl Ṣabāḥ]; the Iranian Minister of Foreign Affairs.The majority of the file is concerned with a case involving a Kuwaiti sailing craft that was reportedly seized by an Iranian warship (an Imperial Iranian Navy ship referred to as HIMS Babr) near Henjam [Henjān] on suspicion of smuggling, and towed to Lingah [Bandar-e Lengeh]. Much of the correspondence between British officials is concerned with confirming whether or not the boat was outside Iranian territorial waters when it was seized.Another case relates to a Kuwaiti boat that was apparently seized by Iranian customs officials at Qusbeh (also referred to as Gusbah) [Qoşbeh-ye Manī‘āt, Khuzestan, Iran], on the Iranian side of the Shatt al Arab. The third and final case concerns a Kuwaiti dhow that was reportedly seized at Khorramshahr.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 109; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-107; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
7. 'Memorandum on the Financial Obligations of the British, Indian and Persian Governments respectively in relation to Telegraph Lines in Persia.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This memorandum, which is attributed to the Indo-European Telegraph Department, provides details of the financial obligations of the British, Indian and Persian Governments respectively in relation to the following telegraph lines: the line from Gwadur to Jask, the Central Persia line, the Henjam-Bunder Abbas line, and the Robat-Seistan line.Details include construction costs, rental costs, royalties and total expenditure.The memorandum also provides details of the cost of reconstruction work on the Arabistan telegraph lines, including a statement which shows projections of the effect on the Indo-European Telegraph Department's capital account of the Arabistan telegraph lines agreement of 1913.Also included are details of how costs might be covered for a proposed line running from Kerman to Bunder Abbas, from Bunder Abbas to Lingah, and from Bunder Abbas to Jask.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 46, and terminates at f 55, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out. The file also includes an original printed foliation sequence.
8. 'Memorandum on the Financial Obligations of the British, Indian and Persian Governments respectively in relation to Telegraph Lines in Persia.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file consists of a memorandum concerning the financial obligations of the British, Indian and Persian Governments respectively in relation to telegraph lines in Persia. The memorandum is divided into sections as follows:Jask royalty and claims for wilful damage (the claims in question being against the Persian Government);Central Persia line;Henjam-Bunder Abbas [Henjān-Bandar-e ʻAbbās] line;Arabistan [Khūzestān] telegraph lines reconstruction;Robat-Seistan [Robāţ-e Meshkī-Sīstān-e Balūchestān] line;Kerman-Bunder Abbas line.Each section provides details of the costs of construction of the line(s) in question, plus the amount payable by the Persian Government. For some of the lines, details of costs incurred by other bodies, such as HM Treasury, the Foreign Office, and the India Office, are included.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 211, and terminates at f 216, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.Pagination: the volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
9. 'Henjam. Position and Rights of His Majesty's Government in the Island of Henjam. The Sheikh of Henjam and his Affairs'
- Description:
- Abstract: Memorandum providing an overview of the British connection with the island of Henjam.Covering:introduction to the location of Basidu [Bāsa‘īdū] and its strategic importance; use of the island by the British; the Beni Yas tribe inhabitants;international status of Henjam – Persian and Muscat claims;the British Telegraph Concession at Henjam - a history from 1868 – and the use of the location as a base for naval authorities and as a coaling station;1926-8: reassertion of Persian claims – customs; enquiry by the Persian Government as to the right of property of His Majesty's Government in Basidu and Henjam; the expulsion of the Shaikh of Henjam in May 1928; and consideration of action to be taken at Henjam in the event of Persian aggression under the Telegraph Concession;relations between the Sheikh [Shaikh] of Henjam and Persia: 1904-28 – friction between Persian officials and the Arab inhabitants, and the expulsion and return of the Shaikh.It includes a summary detailing the position and legal rights of His Majesty's Government in Henjam, and the desirability to maintain the connection. In addition, a list of points referred to the Persian Gulf Sub-Committee, and the views expressed by the Government of India are given.Written by John Gilbert Laithwaite of the India Office.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 60, and terminates at f 63, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
10. Coll 30/101 'Henjam: Efforts of Deputy Governor Henjam to compel all boats to carry registration numbers.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file concerns an order from the Deputy Governor, Henjam (acting on the instructions of the Government of Persia) that all vessels in Henjam (including British naval vessels flying the white ensign and using the Royal Indian Navy depot there) should be registered and numbered.The papers indicate that British officials though that registration was probably not a Persian challenge to the British position at Henjam. Registration was eventually postponed by the Persian Government.The file includes correspondence from the Admiralty and HM Minister, Tehran.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 45; these numbers are printed, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers.
11. Coll 28/23 ‘Relations with H.M.G: Negotiations 1928–31 Withdrawal of I.E.T Dept.’
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence and other papers concerning the drafting of an agreement between the Governments of Britain and Persia [Iran], concerning the withdrawal of the Indo-European Telegraph Department from Persia, and the subsequent taking over of cables and equipment in Persia by the Persian Government. The agreement covers: the costs of daily use of the cables; maintenance of the cable between Henjam [Jazīreh-ye Hengām] and Bandar Abbas [Bandar-e ʻAbbās]; transit dues for communications sent between Iraq and India; access to Gulf ports by cable ships. The papers include:Multiple drafts of the agreement, in French. A printed copy of the final agreement in French and English translation, dated 17 February 1932, is included (ff 141-144).Correspondence concerning difficulties in maintaining an import of supplies to telegraph stations in Persia.Registration of the Imperial and International Communications Company Limited (IICC) in Persia.Discussion amongst British officials over the merits of abandoning cable communication in the Gulf, and closing down the telegraph stations on the Persian coast of the Gulf, in favour of using wireless communications.Correspondence from 1932 concerning the costs of repairs to the Henjam-Bandar Abbas cable, incurred by IICC/Cable & Wireless Limited, and charged against the Persian Government.The volume’s principal correspondents are: the India Office (John Gilbert Laithwaite); the British Legation at Tehran (Robert Henry Clive; Charles Dodd; Reginald Hervey Hoare); the Indo-European Telegraph Department (Maurice George Simpson); the Indo-European Telegraph Company (which became the IICC, and from 1935, Cable & Wireless Limited (J O Stevens Perry; Ralph Lawson)).The volume contains a single item in Persian (f 82), being an order issued by the Shah of Persia, dated 28 Khordad 1311 (equivalent to 18 June 1932), ratifying the Indo-European Telegraph Department agreement.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 409; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
12. Coll 28/26 ‘Relations with H.M.G. Importation of Stores for I.E.T.D. Staff’
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence relating to food and supply shortages suffered by staff of the Indo-European Telegraph Department manning telegraph stations along the Persian coast of the Persian Gulf. The file’s principal correspondents include the India Office (John Gilbert Laithwaite), Imperial and International Communications Limited (J O Stevens Perry), the British Legation at Tehran (Charles Dodd, Lacy Baggallay, Reginald Hervey Hoare), and the Foreign Office (Charles William Baxter, George William Rendel). The shortages were a result of the introduction by the Persian Government of a Trade Monopoly Law, banning the import of goods into Persia without goods of equivalent value being exported in the opposite direction. The correspondence focuses on the wording of the Telegraphs Agreement under negotiation between the British and Persian Governments, classification of official stores, and the issue of import licenses for supplies. The file includes lists of the private stores (ff 119-122) and official stores (ff 109-112) for staff of Imperial and International Communications Limited, based at telegraph stations in Bushire, Henjam [Jazīreh-ye Hengām], Jask, and Charbar [Chabahar].Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 138; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
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