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1. ‘Persian Gulf Gazetteer. Part 1. Historical and political materials. Precis of Turkish expansion on the Arab littoral of the Persian Gulf and Hasa [Al-Hasa] and Katif [Al-Qaṭīf] affairs.’
- Description:
- Abstract: Part 1 of a Persian Gulf gazetteer of historical and political materials, a précis of Turkish expansion on the Arab littoral of the Persian Gulf, and Hasa [Al-Hasa] and Katif [Al-Qaṭīf] affairs. The précis was prepared by Jerome Antony Saldanha, whose preface (under which his surname is erroneously spelt Saldana) is dated 25 November 1904, and published by the Government of India Foreign Deptartment, Simla, India.The preface is an historical outline of the struggle for political dominance in the Persian Gulf, including Portuguese, British, Wahabi [Wahhābī] and Turkish expansion. The chapters (titles shown in italics) deal with the subject in an roughly chronological fashion:1. Early history of Hasa and Katif, including: references to the area in Arabic writing; the first known Arab colonists; and early references to the area in British (East India Company) records;2. Conquest of Hasa by the Wahabis and Turkish expeditions into Nejd[Najd] and Hasa, and their results 1800-1865, including: conquest of the area by the Wahabis; Turkish expeditions to the area, 1811-19 and 1836-40; Amir Feysal’s [Fayṣal ibn Turki Āl Sa‘ūd] nominal dependence on Turkey, 1855; troubles in Katif, 1859-62; Turkish protest against British proceedings at Damaum [Dammām], 1862; the British war against Amir Feysal, 1865-66; obsolete title of award of Arabia by an Abbasid caliph to the Ottoman Porte; Ottoman ambitions in Arabia (Holy Ottoman Empire);3. Turkish expedition to Nejd and Hasa, 1871-72, including: origins of the expedition; intelligence from the Political Resident, Colonel Lewis Pelly; British policy in the Persian Gulf, and effects of the Turkish expedition on that policy; Turkish assurances to Britain, communicated to Bahrain (spelt Bahrein throughout) by Pelly; Turkish promise of non-interference with the rulers of the Trucial coast; narrative of the events leading up to and including the landing of the expeditionary force in Nejd; Turkish designs on Katar [Qatar], and their hoisting of the Turkish flag at Budaa [Al-Bidda]; Turkish naval activity in the Gulf, and Britain’s naval response; murder of a suspected Turkish messenger at Bahrain; reasons for the non-interference of the British Government in operations on land; further narrative of the expedition and affairs in Nejd; evidence of Turkish designs on Bahrain; Turkish assurances; relations between Turkey and Abuthabi [Abu Dhabi]; close of the Turkish expedition;4. Internal affairs of Hasa and Katif, 1872-1904, including: administration and internal organisation; and a list of governors at Hasa, including events of significance occurring during their rule;5. Survey of the Katif coast, 1873-74, including: British intentions and permission gained from the Ottoman Porte; complaints of British survey officers landing on the Nejd coast; written permission to land to undertake surveying.6. Increase of Turkish military and naval forces in the Persian Gulf, and Turkish policy, including: a memorandum by Captain T Doughty on the state of affairs in the Persian Gulf;7. (1)Trade Relations of Hindu and other traders of Bahrain with Katif, and their disabilities, and (2) Proposal appointment of a consular officer at Katif;8. Piracies, including: piracies in Katif and Bahrain waters, 1878; ; revolt in Hasa and piracies in Katif and Bahrain waters, 1878-81; Turkish responsibilities and jurisdiction for the purpose of suppressing piracies in Katif waters, 1878-81; piracies in Katif and Bahrain waters in 1883; piracies in Katif and Bahrain waters in 1886; piracies in 1887-88; piracies in 1891-92; piracies in 1899-1900; piracies in 1902 and the proposal of the Chief of Bahrain to maintain an armed dhow for the pursuit of pirates, 1902-03;9. Murder of Sheikh Selman-bin-Diaij-el-Khalifa[Shaikh Salman bin Diaj Āl Khalīfah] , a cousin of the Chief of Bahrain and his party about 40 miles south of Katif. Question of satisfaction and compensation for it;10. Turkish designs on Oman and the rest of the East Arabian Littoral, 1888-1899;11. Summary of British declarations against Turkish encroachments in the Persian Gulf and of the Porte’s assurances, 1871-1904.The cover of volume, on which the title is printed, also has a number of different pencil and pen annotations, marking former external references or numbering systems (‘P.2557/29’, ‘No.5’, ‘C238’).Physical description: Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right hand corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: The volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence, with page numbers located top and centre of each page.
2. 'Persian Gulf Gazetteer, Part I Historical and Political Materials, Précis of Turkish Expansion on the Arab Littoral of the Persian Gulf and Hasa and Katif [al-Qaṭīf] Affairs'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume is Persian Gulf Gazetteer, Part I Historical and Political Materials, Precis of Turkish Expansion on the Arab Littoral of the Persian Gulf and Hasa and Katif Affairs(Simla: G C Press, 1904).The volume charts the history and internal affairs of Hasa and Katif [al-Qaṭīf] from early times up to the present, and has sections dedicated to a survey of the Katif coast, Turkish policy, trade, piracy, and Turkish designs on Oman.Physical description: Pagination: the volume contains an original pagination sequence, which commences at 1 on the title page, and terminates at 146 on the last page before the back cover. These numbers are printed, with additions and corrections in pencil, and can be found in the top centre of each page. Pagination anomalies: pp. 1, 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, 1H.
3. 'File 61/14 IV (D 48) Nejd and 'Iraq, relations between'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains telegrams, letters, and reports relating to affairs between Najd, Kuwait, and Iraq. Most of the correspondence is between Lionel Haworth, the Political Resident in Bushire, Henry Dobbs, the High Commissioner in Baghdad, Ibn Sa'ud, the King of the Hejaz and Najd, Leo Amery, the Secretary of State for the Colonies in London, James More, the Political Agent in Kuwait, Cyril Barrett, the Political Agent in Bahrain, Edward Ellington, the Air Officer Commanding in Iraq, and the Government of India.The majority of the volume covers the British response to the crisis following the Ikhwan rebellion and the threat of attack on Kuwaiti and Iraqi territory. The volume contains telegrams, letters, and reports relating to affairs between Najd, Kuwait, and Iraq. The documents reflect the differences in opinion and policy between the High Commissioner in Baghdad, the Colonial Office, the Political Residency in Bushire, and the Government of India; Iraq taking a more warlike approach towards Ibn Sa'ud, while the Political Resident is more cautious and conciliatory.Matters covered by the documents include:the military response to the crisis, including the sending of ships HMS Emerald, Crocus, and Lupinto Kuwait, and air operations in Iraq, Kuwait, and Najd, including a bombing raid on Safah;Ibn Sa'ud's complaints about bombing raids on his territory as breaches of the treaties and agreements the British are bound by;the posting of an Intelligence Officer in Kuwait;the protection of Americans and other Europeans in the area;King Faisal of Iraq's proposal of counter raids against the Ikhwan;the expulsion of Hindu merchants from Qatif and the possible religious reasons for it.Physical description: Foliation: the sequence begins on the first folio and ends on the inside back cover. The numbers are written in pencil, circled, and found in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. There are the following irregularities: 1A and 1B; 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, and 2E.
4. 'File H/14 Vol I Turkish Customs on Mainland'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence between Stuart George Knox and David Lockhart Robertson Lorimer, British Political Agents at Bahrain, and Percy Zachariah Cox and Richard Lockington Birdwood of the British Political Residency in the Persian Gulf at Bushire, as well as with Sheikh ‘Īsā bin ‘Alī Āl Khalīfah, ruler of Bahrain. In addition, included within the file are office notes of various conversations between the Political Agent with the ruler of Bahrain and Seth Rao Sahib Tirathdas Maharaj, Director of Customs at Bahrain.The correspondence and notes concern Turkish customs regulations at the Eastern Arabian ports of al-Qaṭīf and al-‘Uqayr pertaining to the landing and levying of duty on Bahraini and non-Bahraini goods, and the system of issuing cargo certificates. Included in this file are two examples of stamped cargo certificates in Arabic (f. 6 and f. 7).Physical description: Foliation: Foliation starts on file cover and terminates on the final folio before the back cover. Foliation is in pencil in circled numbers in top right of recto.
5. Bagdad and Persian Gulf Affairs
- Description:
- Abstract: This part of the volume consists of copies of enclosures to a despatch from the Government of Bombay Secret Department to the Secret Committee, Number 15 of 1840, dated 31 March 1840. The enclosures are numbered 3-93 and are dated 18 September 1839 to 31 March 1840.The papers relate to Bagdad [Baghdad] and Persian Gulf affairs:The equipping and expenses of the Euphrates expeditionCapture of the fort of Ghuznee [Ghazni]Matters relating to the appointment of the British Agent at Muscat during the ‘unhealthy season’Copy of a diary kept by Captain Hammerton while residing at Shargah [Sharjah], from 27 November 1839 to 6 January 1840, as well as letters from the Native Agent at ShargahReport from the Resident in the Persian Gulf on his interviews with the Chiefs of Brymee [Al Buraymi]Letters from the Resident in the Persian Gulf to Korshid Pasha [Khūrshid Pāshā] and the Governor of Kuteef [Al-Qatif]Correspondence with HM Consul General in Egypt regarding the deputation of a mission to Muscat by HH the Sultan of MuscatCopy of despatches from Lieutenant-Colonel Shiel, HM Chargé d’Affaires at TehranPresents sent to the Sultan of Muscat by Korshid Pasha.On folio 142 a note in black ink states ‘The following enclosures to Bombay Secret Letter No. 15, dated 13th March 1840, are missing from the Collection below viz:- 7-9, 13, 15, 17-28, 30-1, 33-4, 36-7, & 39.’Physical description: 1 item (331 folios)
6. File 3208/1908 Pt 4 ‘Persian Gulf: acts of piracy by Ahmed bin Selman near Katif [Turkish discourtesy to commander of HMS “Lapwing” at Katif]’
- Description:
- Abstract: Part 4 contains correspondence relating to attacks against Bahrain pearling dhows, committed by members of the Beni Hajir tribe and led by an individual named Ahmed bin Selman, in the waters around Bahrain and the Turkish administered territories of Katif [Al-Qaṭīf] and El Katr [Qatar]. The part’s principal correspondents include: the Political Agent at Bahrain (John Calcott Gaskin; Captain Francis Beville Prideaux); the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Major Percy Zachariah Cox); the British Ambassador at Constantinople [Istanbul] (Sir Walter Beaupre Townley); the Ambassador to the Court of the Sublime Porte of the Ottoman Empire (Sir Nicholas Roderick O’Conor).The correspondence covers:reports of the activities of Ahmed bin Selman and his followers in around the waters of Bahrain, Nejd, and the Qatar peninsula, including accounts of theft and violence committed against pearling dhows, as reported by the Political Agent at Bahrain;representations made by British officials to their Turkish counterparts, protesting against the acts described as piracy being committed from Turkish-administered territories in the Persian Gulf;Government of India proposals for the provision of a boat for the Political Agent at Bahrain, and gunboat patrols of the pearl banks;a visit made by HMS Sphinxto the Nejd coast in 1905, in order to pursue enquiries against Ahmed bin Selman, which provokes an official complaint from the Ottoman Turkish Government (in French, f 108);the appearance in 1906 of Ahmed bin Selman in Doha of Al Bidda [Doha], representations made by British officials to the ruler of Qatar Shaikh Jasim bin Thani [Jāsim bin Muḥammad Āl Thānī], and further Turkish complaint at British interference on the Qatar peninsula;the visit of HMS Lapwingto Katif in 1907 in pursuit of Ahmed bin Selman, resulting in a show of ‘discourtesy’ by a Turkish official towards British naval officers, and subsequent British demands for an official apology, which is tendered by the kaimmakam [kaimakam] of Katif in June 1908 (f 8).Physical description: 178 folios