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121. 'File 19/191 II (C 38) Bahrain, Persian Claim To'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence related to the Persian Government's claim to sovereignty over Bahrain. Specifically, the file contains correspondence concerning a (failed) attempt by the Persian Inspector General of Customs to land at Bahrain, discussions as to whether Persia should be allowed to open a consulate in Bahrain, the Persian Government's appeal to the League of Nations in Geneva and broader discussions concerning the history of Bahrain, Persia's claim to it and the composition (and size) of the Persian community in the country.The file contains a number of translations of articles from the Persian press that criticised the British role in Bahrain (and the Gulf more broadly). It also contains a cutting from an article published in London's 'The Evening Standard' (f.113) that attacked Persia's attitude towards the issue.On ff. 188 - 196, the file contains a summary of all the papers then contained in the records of the Government of India that related to the sovereignty of Bahrain from 1819-1870.A report on the composition of the Persian community in Bahrain (written by the Political Agent in Bahrain, Charles Geoffrey Prior) is contained on ff.74 - 78.Physical description: Previously a bound correspondence volume, the file's sheets have been unbound and are now loose.The main foliation system starts at the titlepage and ends on the spine of the volume. This sequence is written in pencil and can be found in the top right hand corner of the recto side of each folio, except for when the verso side of folios are numbered as well. In the latter cases they can be found in the top left corner.A second foliation runs between ff.31-196. This sequence is also written in pencil and found in the top right hand corner of the recto side of each folio.Foliation errors: 1A, 1B, 1C and 1D; 2, 2a and 2b; 22, 22a; 85a and 85b; 116a and 116b; 150A and 150B; 177A and 177B. Pagination: f.5, f.7 and f.9 are on the verso side of the preceding folio.
122. 'File 19/212 I (C 41) Bahrain Transit Trade'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence between various British officials and Shaikh Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa regarding the transshipment of cargo at the port in Bahrain. Specifically, the correspondence discusses Bahrain's right to levy transit dues from Saudi Arabia on cargo transshipped at sea and cargo entering the port at Bahrain (from Saudi Arabia).The agreement that the British had pressured Shaikh Isa bin Ali Al Khalifa to make with Bin Saud in 1920 (regarding transit levies) is discussed in detail as are the attitude and actions of Bin Saud.The file also includes correspondence with the British India Steam Navigation Co. Ltd. and correspondence regarding a ship named the Ahmedithat was barred from entering the port in Bahrain.Physical description: A bound correspondence volume. Foliation is circled in pencil, in the top right corner of each folio. It begins on the first folio after the front cover, on number 1A, and runs through to 271, ending on the inside of the back cover.Anomalies: ff.1A-F; f.23A; f.31A; f.39A; f.44A; f.93A; f.97A; f.137A; 221A; f.230A (stored in an envelope on the reverse of f.230).
123. ‘File 86/2 XII (C 54) Bahrain Oil’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains letters, telegrams and memoranda relating to oil production in Bahrain, being undertaken by the Bahrain Petroleum Company (hereafter BAPCO). The volume is a direct continuation of ‘File 86/2 XI (C 53) Bahrain Oil’ (IOR/R/15/1/659). The principal correspondents in the volume are the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, Lieutenant-Colonel Trenchard Fowle, the Political Agent in Bahrain, Lieutenant-Colonel Percy Gordon Loch, BAPCO’s London representative, Hamilton Ballantyne, and various British Government officials, chiefly Gilbert Laithwaite of the India Office.The subjects covered by the volume are:Ongoing negotiations between the British Government and BAPCO over the terms of BAPCO’s mining lease for Bahrain, with particular emphasis in this volume on: amendments to wording related to the termination of the lease; discussion over the definition of the term “uncultivated land” with regard to BAPCO’s selection of land for the mining lease, with particular reference to land owned by the ruling family, and uncultivated land in the urban areas of Manama and Muharraq (folios 103-04, 114-15);The preparation of an Arabic translation of the mining lease (folios 83-98), initially prepared by the Political Agency in Bahrain, reviewed by the Assistant Librarian of the India Office in London (folios 147-49), with subsequent changes to the wording proposed (folios 211-15);Arrangement for power of attorney for the mining lease, with a copy of the power of attorney (folios 151-56);Protest by British officials in Bahrain, and by Shaikh Ḥamad bin ‘Īsá Āl Khalīfah, Ruler of Bahrain (folio 109), over the unauthorised landing of a French aeroplane at Bahrain, carrying the French Chargé D’Affaires from Baghdad, with a copy of the visa rules for Bahrain (folio 112) and an Iraq Government air clearance certificate (folio 113);Production of oil in Bahrain, including difficulties encountered by BAPCO in marketing their Bahrain oil, leading to speculation that the Iraq Petroleum Company may become involved in Bahrain production, possibly at BAPCO’s cost (folios 69-72, 143), and reports of the despatch to Bahrain of the Standard Oil tanker Rheemin December 1934, to collect 100,000 barrels (15,000 tons) of oil from Bahrain (folios 194, 204-07).Physical description: Foliation: The volume is foliated from the title page to the last folio, using pencil numbers written in the top-right corner of each recto. Index numbers written in red and blue pencil are part of the volume’s original filing system, and correspond to the office notes index at the end of the volume (ff 221-25). The following foliation anomalies occur: 1, 1A, 1B and 1C; 113 and 113A; 136 and 136A; 187 and 187A.
124. 'File 4/18 Kuwait-Bahrain Relations (Includes Bahrain-Qatar Troubles)'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence between British officials regarding relations between the rulers of Bahrain and Qatar and an attempt that was made by the Ruler of Kuwait, Shaikh Ahmad al-Jaber al-Sabah, to mediate between them.In addition to correspondence, which is primarily between the Political Agency in Kuwait and the Political Agency in Bahrain, the file also contains English translations of two newspaper articles (originally in Arabic) as follows:Translation of an article that appeared in the Mecca-based newspaper Um al-Qura23 July 1937 concerning tensions between Bahrain and Qatar (folio 7).Translation of an article that appeared in the Iraqi newspaper al-Nas27 September 1937 about the poor conditions of oil company workers in Bahrain (folio 11).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 38; these numbers are written in pencil and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
125. 'File 27/4 Miscellaneous Trade Reports'
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume relates to the trade reports of various British agencies and consulates in the Persian Gulf. The first folio of the volume contains a list of contents that is not entirely accurate. The volume does begin with a report entitled 'Report on the Trade of Oman, Bahrein [ sic], and Arab Ports in the Persian Gulf', which is dated 12 April 1904; however, the remainder of the volume contains only the following trade reports:trade reports for Bahrain for the financial years of 1904-1905, 1913-1914, 1916-1917, 1917-1918 and 1919-1920;trade reports for Muscat for 1913-1914, 1918-1919, 1919-1920, 1921-1922 and up to and including 1931-1932.Aside from these reports the volume consists of brief letters and memoranda between the Political Agent, Kuwait, and his corresponding officers in the Gulf, which serve as evidence that the trade reports for the places listed in the contents were received by the Political Agent, even though only the Bahrain and Muscat reports mentioned above are present.Each report relating to Bahrain and Muscat provides a summary of the year's trade. Appended to each report are tables of statistics that contain details of imports and exports (i.e. quantities and values of goods) and shipping returns, not only for the year in question but also for the two preceding financial years.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 349; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
126. ‘File 28/10-(e) War. St. John Philby’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file comprises correspondence exchanged between the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Geoffrey Prior), the Political Agent at Bahrain (Hugh Weightman), the British Government’s representative at Jedda, and officials at the Government of India and India Office in London, in tracking a journey made by Harry St John Bridger Philby from Saudi Arabia, via Dhahran, Bahrain and Karachi, to Bombay. The correspondence focuses on when might be an appropriate moment to apprehend Philby, so that he may be deported back to Britain. Proposals to apprehend Philby, who is believed to be carrying letters and articles of an anti-British bent in his luggage, in Bahrain, are abandoned due to uncertainty over whether the Persian Gulf Defence Regulation contained sufficient legal power to enable the deportation (f 11). Correspondence from the Foreign Department of the Government of India reports Philby’s detention upon his arrival at Karachi (f 16). Included in the file is a notice from J W Stafford, Chief Passport Officer in the Passport Office of the Foreign Office, dated 27 June 1940, which contains details of Philby’s appearance, his background, and instruction to impound his passport (f 20).Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the back cover with 22; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 2-20; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence.
127. 'File 19/191 III (C 56) Bahrain, Persian Claim To'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence between British officials in Bahrain, Bushire, India and London regarding Persian goverment's claim of sovereignty over the territory of Bahrain. The impact of the discovery of oil deposits in Bahrain is discussed as is the broader international reaction to the claim. The file contains translations of several articles published in the Persian press on the topic and a translation of an article that appeared in a Dutch newspaper.A detailed Historical Memorandum of Bahrain compiled by the India Office is contained on ff. 94-118. The memorandum contains a history of Bahrain from the pre-1783 era until 1934 and includes details of the British role in the country, the numerous treaties signed by the Al Khalifa family with the British and a discussion of Turkish (Ottoman) and Persian claims to the territory.Physical description: A bound correspondence volume. Foliation starts on the first letter page (4th folio in the volume) and finishes on the last letter page (5 folios from end of volume). Pencil number in top right corner of recto. From f 90, an inconsistent pagination system begins. Only pages with typescript are paginated. When both sides have typescript, pagination numbers are found only on even-numbered pages. There are two foliation errors: between f 14 and f 16 we have f 15A and f 15 B; between f 68 and f 70 we have f 69A and f 69B.
128. ‘Foreign Office budget for the year 1949-50 and six monthly expenditure etc.’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file comprises papers relating to the accounts (actual expenditure and estimated budget) of the Political Agencies at Bahrain and Sharjah:a copy of a circular written by Ernest Bevin, then Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, dated 18 July 1946, requesting returns from overseas agencies of their expenditure for the period April to September 1946, and enclosing specimen forms (ff 3-7, with duplicates at ff 10-14);a copy of a second circular from Bevin, dated 30 April 1948, acknowledging the difficulties and delays in receiving accounts of expenditure for 1946, and stressing the need for accurate and prompt accounts for the period 1948-1949, with a revised form for returns enclosed (ff 8-9);compiled budget estimates for the Political Agency at Bahrain, and for the Sharjah and Dubai Agencies, for the financial year 1949-50 (ff 16-26);further specimen forms for annual returns of expenditure, listed under various subheadings (public information services, consular establishments, diplomatic establishments, commercial diplomatic establishments) (ff 31-37);the annual return of expenditure and receipts for the Political Agency in Bahrain for the period 1 April to 30 September 1948, with financial estimates for the subsequent eighteen months (ff 39-50).Financial figures are given in a mixture of British sterling and Indian rupees, with conversion rates indicated (for example, 1 pound sterling being equivalent to 13.26 rupees, f 39).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 52; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Condition: Water damage to the file notes (f 51) has obliterated a large portion of the handwritten notes on this folio.
129. 'Bahrain Harbour'
- Description:
- Abstract: Chart 20.Hydrographic chart covering the northern half of Bahrain Island and Maharak [Muharraq] Island in the western part of the Persian Gulf. Portrays hydrology, including depths by soundings and contours, sands, rocks, reefs and anchorages, relief by hachures, vegetation, settlements, forts and place names, and includes topographical notes and navigational aids, including buoys and prominent buildings. There is a view of the Portuguese Fort and textual sailing directions into Bahrain Harbour.By Commander Charles Golding Constable and Lieutenant Richard William Whish, Indian Navy, 1860. Re-surveyed by M Chapman, Indian Navy, Messrs A P Thompson & C J Cuthbert, Her Majesty's Indian Surveying Schooner Constance, 1872-74. Upright soundings in hair line by Lieutenant George Barnes Brucks, Indian Navy, 1825. Engraved by J & C Walker. Published by the Admiralty, 1862, with corrections 1873 and 1875.Physical description: Materials: Printed on paperDimensions: 668 x 481mm, on sheet 707 x 514mm
130. 'N. L. at Portuguese fort.' Photographer: Arthur Edward Broadbent Parsons
- Description:
- Abstract: Genre/Subject Matter:View at the Portuguese Fort, with a European man and woman at left in the foreground. Crumbling ramparts at left in the background.Inscriptions:Below image, in pen: 'N. L. at Portuguese fort’Below image, in pencil: ‘502’Physical description: Dimensions:54 x 78 mmCondition:The image is in good condition.Foliation:‘502’Process:Silver gelatin print
131. ‘Annex to File 86/2 Bahrain Concession Duplicate’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains an original copy of the Bahrain oil concession agreement, dated 12 May 1923, agreed between Major Frank Holmes of The Eastern & General Syndicate Limited, and Shaikh Esa bin Ali Al-Khalifa [‘Īsá bin ‘Alī Āl Khalīfa]. The concession is typewritten in English, with an Arabic translation added by hand in black ink. Each page of the concession has been stamped ‘For and on behalf of The Eastern & General Syndicate, Limited’ and is signed by Holmes. The last page of text of the concession (folio 20) has also been signed by a witness, Mr W Hendry, of Dumbarton, Scotland. The final page of the agreement (folio 21) is a map of the northern half of the Persian Gulf. The cover of the file bears the broken remains of a wax seal, inscribed ‘The Eastern Bank Limited, Baghdad’.Physical description: Foliation: Foliation is circled in pencil, at the top of the recto of each folio. It begins on the front cover, on number 1, and ends on the inside of the back cover, on number 22. An original foliation system using typewritten numbers at the top and centre of each recto, runs from ff 2-20.
132. '12 File 323 I - Interference of Persian Agents in Bahrain Affairs'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence related to the Persian Government's claim of sovereignty over Bahrain and the actions of some its agents in connection to operations taken by the British Government against the chiefs of Bahrain that it had accused of acts of piracy.The correspondence includes original copies of letters from Persian Government officials (in both Persian and Arabic) to Mahomed bin Abdullah [Muḥammad bin ‘Abdullāh Āl Khalīfah] the Chief of Bahrain. English translations of these letters are also included.Physical description: Condition: Previously bound, the file's pages have been de-bound and are now loose in the file's original cover.Foliation: The file's foliation sequence commences at the front cover and terminates at the back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.The file contains the following foliation errors: 1, and 1A and the following foliation omissions: 6-7, and 10-11.