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241. Coll 30/123 'Bahrain (Unallotted Zone) Oil Concession: Negotiations with Petroleum Concessions Ltd.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file concerns negotiations with Petroleum Concessions Limited (PCL) over oil concession rights in the Bahrain Unallotted Area (also referred to as the Additional Area), i.e. those parts of Bahrain territory not forming part of the concession awarded to the Bahrain Petroleum Company (BAPCO) in 1925. The negotiations principally concerned Muharraq Island and an area around the other islands to the north of Bahrain, and the sea area to the east of Bahrain, including Fasht Dibal [Fasht ad Dībal] and the Hawar Islands.The papers include: maps of Bahrain and proposed concession areas; draft PCL concession, 1936 (folios 361-374); minutes of meetings at the India Office; negotiations with BAPCO over a counter-offer for the Unallotted area; the attitude of Shaikh Sir Hamad bin Isa al-Khalifah [Ḥamad bin ‘Īsá Āl Khalīfah], Ruler of Bahrain, to the negotiations, including correspondence from the Adviser to the Government of Bahrain, Charles Dalrymple Belgrave; discussions over the status of the Hawar Islands; Admiralty, Colonial Office, and Foreign Office papers concerning territorial waters, and submarine boring for oil (folios 221-225); Petroleum Department letter concerning the financial implications of the rival bids (folios 196-197); proposals to split the Additional Area between the two companies, including Belgrave's view that it would be of greater benefit to the Shaikh to have two companies working in Bahrain (folio 161); the role in the negotiations of Frank Holmes; the Ruler of Bahrain's wish to postpone discussion of the concession for a year on account of a dispute over the status of Zubarah, May 1937 (folios 124, 112); a suggestion by the Political Agent, Bahrain that the Zubarah problem could be solved by allowing the shaikhs of Bahrain to hold Zubarah as their personal property (folio 102); draft PCL concession, 1938, and copy of the 1925 oil concession (folios 58-85); and suggestions of British Government support for the PCL bid (folios 9-15).The Arabic language content of the papers consists of the bilingual Arabic and English text of the draft concession agreement of 1938, and correspondence (with English translation) from the Ruler of Bahrain.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 400; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
242. Coll 30/123(2) 'Bahrein (Unallotted Zone) Oil Concession: Negotiations with Petroleum Concessions Ltd.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file concerns negotiations between the Government of Bahrain and two oil companies: Petroleum Concessions Limited (PCL) and the Bahrain Petroleum Company (BAPCO) over oil concession rights in the Bahrain Unallotted Area, i.e. those parts of Bahrain territory (including the Hawar Islands), and offshore areas, not forming part of the concession awarded to BAPCO in 1925. The papers show that the Ruler of Bahrain, Hamad bin Isa Alkhalifah [Ḥamad bin ‘Īsá Āl Khalīfah], initially wished to divide the Unallotted Area between the two companies, but later wished to award the Unallotted Area in its entirety to BAPCO, subject to the approval of the British Government.The file contains correspondence from representatives of both companies, the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the Political Agent, Bahrain; British Government departments; Charles Dalrymple Belgrave, Adviser to the Government of Bahrain; and the Ruler of Bahrain.The papers include: draft PCL agreements; comments on the progress of negotiations by the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf and the Political Agent, Bahrain; the views of the Foreign Office, Petroleum Department, and the Admiralty; a description by the Political Agent, Bahrain (Hugh Weightman) of the areas to be offered to the two companies, based largely on an aerial survey (folios 536-540); the territorial status of the Hawar Islands; the financial implications of the two potential concessions; minutes of a meeting between British Government officials at the India Office, 7 July 1938 (folios 346-352); the issue of underwater boring for oil, and territorial waters; the role in the negotiations of the PCL representative, Major Frank Holmes; minutes of meetings between the Government of Bahrain and the representative of PCL; minutes of meetings between the Government of Bahrain and the representative of BAPCO; a comparative statement of the offers made by the two companies (folio 94); and a further bid by Holmes and PCL in 1939 for rights over the 'Shoal Area', Bahrain.The Arabic content of the file consists of a letter from the Ruler of Bahrain, with English translation, and the bilingual texts of draft concession agreements between PCL and the Ruler of Bahrain.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 597; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
243. Coll 30/93 'Position of Bahrein subjects in Persia and of Persian subjects in Bahrein.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file concerns the affairs of subjects of Bahrein [Bahrain] in Persia [Iran], and the affairs of the 'Persian' community (also referred to as the 'Holis') in Bahrain.The main correspondents are HM Representative, Tehran; HM Consul for Khuzistan; HM Vice-Consul, Mohammerah; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; and the Political Agent, Bahrain.In terms of the affairs of Bahrainis in Iran, the papers, dated 1933-35, cover the alleged oppression of Bahrainis in Iran by the Iranian Government; the conscription of Bahrainis by the Iranian Government; discussion (between the India Office, the Foreign Office, the Government of India, and the Political Resident) of whether the British Government should make an official protest to the Iranian authorities over the treatment of Bahrainis; the difficulty posed by the Iranian Government's claim to sovereignty over Bahrain; the question of dual nationality; petitions of complaint from Bahrainis; and discussion of whether the British should implement retaliatory measures.In terms of the affairs of the 'Persian' community in Bahrain, the papers, dated 1940, cover: the support of the 'Persian' community for the Germans in the Second World War, and consequent unease on the part of the Ruler of Bahrain; the suggestion by the Political Agent, Bahrain that internment should be considered for persons suspected of pro-German, or at least anti-British and anti-Bahrain Government sympathies; and a letter from the Political Resident to the Government of India, commenting on the complex nature of politics in Bahrain (folios 7-9).The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 199; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-198; these numbers are printed, and are not circled.
244. Coll 30/111 'British Naval Stations in: Establishments at Khor Quwai and Bahrain. Evacuation of Henjam and Basidu.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file concerns the evacuation of the British naval stations at Henjam [Jazīreh-ye Hengām] and Basidu [Bāsaʻīdū, Qeshm], in Iran (generally referred to in the papers as Persia), and the transfer of naval facilities to a new main station at Bahrain (also spelled Bahrein) and a subsidiary station at Khor Quwai (also spelled Khor Kuwai), Musandam, in the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman. The British Government had become aware that the legal basis for their occupation of Basidu was very weak, and that it would probably be impossible to oppose a determined effort by the Iranian Government to assert their claims to Basidu. In addition, between 1932 and 1934 there had been a change in the relative importance to the United Kingdom of the Arab and Iranian coasts of the Persian Gulf; the Arab side was now viewed as being more important, as a result of (a) the transfer of the air route to the Arab Coast in 1932, and (b) the discovery of oil at Bahrain, and its probable existence in other parts of the Arab coast. For these reasons, it was felt desirable to move the base of British naval operations in the area (Foreign Office memorandum, folios 221-225).The main correspondents are the Foreign Office; the Admiralty; senior British naval officers; HM Minister, Tehran (Hughe Montgomery Knatchbull Hugesson); and the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Lieutenant-Colonel Trenchard Craven William Fowle).The papers include: discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of establishing a naval station at Khor Quwai (folios 539-571); issues raised by Muscat's position as an independent state, and the Anglo-French Declaration of 1862 (folios 529-538); minutes of meetings at the Foreign Office and the Admiralty; the question of the reaction of the Iranian Government; discussion of the announcement of the withdrawal; negotiations with the Sultan of Muscat [Sa'īd bin Taymūr Āl Bū Sa'īd] over Khor Quwai; the removal of stores from Henjam; the question of the protection of British cemeteries at Henjam and Basidu (e.g. Iranian assurances, folio 126); descriptions of the evacuation of Henjam and Basidu in April 1935 in intelligence reports and correspondence; and the expression of gratitude by British Government to the Ruler of Bahrain (Shaikh Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifah [Shaikh Ḥamad bin ‘Īsá Āl Khalīfah]) over the assistance given by the Government of Bahrain in construction work for the new station at Bahrain (folios 39-54).The Arabic language content of the file consists of a single item of correspondence on folio 40.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 574; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
245. Coll 30/117 'Persian Gulf. Bahrain Grievances of the Baharinah.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The papers in this file relate to the grievances of the Baharnah (the native population of Bahrain). The papers include: The petition of the Baharnah to the Ruler of Bahrain Shaikh Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa requesting the adoption of a Qanun(code of laws) in the courts, proportional representation in the Majalis al Tujjarahand Baladiyyahat Manama and Muharraq, and restoration of their rights on the Board of Education, 30 December 1934-21 April 1936; the reservations of the Secretary of State for India the 2nd Marquess of Zetland about providing constitutional advice to the Gulf principalities, 20-27 September 1935; the instructions from the Government of India on reforming the courts of Bahrain, proportional representation, education, and pasturage of the Ruler’s camels, 6 November 1935-22 February 1936; the growth of popular movements in Kuwait, Debai [Dubai], and Bahrain, 18 July-16 November 1938; the agitation against the Shi’a Shar’Court, Bahraini courts, and the educational system in Bahrain, a strike on the premises of the Bahrain Petroleum Company (BAPCO), and a demonstration in the bazaar at Manama, 31 October-24 November 1938; a request by Shaikh Hamad for the recruitment of two Egyptian or Sudanese magistrates to compile a civil and criminal ‘Bahrain Code’ from all previously issued a’lansand to provide practical advice to current magistrates inside and outside the courts of Bahrain, 24 November 1938-5 August 1939; the report of the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf Lieutenant Colonel T C W Fowle to the Secretary to the Government of India in the External Affairs Department Sir Herbert Aubrey Francis Metcalfe on future policy towards popular agitation in Bahrain, 14 April-23 May 1939; and the Ruler of Dubai Shaikh Sa’id bin Maktoum Al Maktoum’s forcible dissolution of the Majlisin Dubai, 5-15 June 1939.The correspondence in this file is primarily between the British Political Agent in Bahrain; Political Resident in the Persian Gulf at Bushire [Bushehr]; Deputy Secretary to the Government of India in the Foreign and Political Department; Foreign Secretary to the Government of India; Secretary of State for India; India Office; Secretary of the Government of India in the External Affairs Department; Foreign Office; HM Ambassador to Egypt; and the Ruler of Bahrain.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 101; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 76-101; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
246. Coll 30/13 'Persian Gulf: Henjam Naval Base; Question of Transfer to Bahrein [Bahrain]; Survey of Khor Kaliyeh Bay'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence between British officials concerning the removal of a British naval depot on Henjam Island and its relocation to Bahrain. The correspondence includes a broader discussion of Britain's position in Persia and its impact on the country's role in the Persian Gulf generally. The early correspondence in the file on folios 159-179 is related to a survey of Khor Kaliya Bay in Bahrain.In addition to correspondence, the file contains the following:'Memorandum by Admiralty and Foreign Office, dated 23rd February, 1932 on the subject of the British Naval Depot at Henjam' (folios15-26)Committee of Imperial Defence. Standing Official Sub-Committee for Questions Concerning the Middle East: Minutes of a Meeting held December 17th 1931. (folios 34-48)'Admiralty Memorandum on the Question of the Removal of the British Naval Depot at Henjam and the Practicability of an Alternative Base' (folios 55-65)Committee of Imperial Defence. Standing Official Sub-Committee for Questions Concerning the Middle East: Minutes of a Meeting held August 18th 1931. (folios 95-105)'Minutes of an Interdepartmental Conference held at the India Office on Monday, 20th July, 1931' concerning question of transferring naval base in Persian Gulf from Henjam to Bahrain (folios 112-116)'Minutes of an Interdepartmental Conference held at the India Office on Wednesday 29th July, 1931' concerning question of transferring naval base in Persian Gulf from Henjam to Bahrain (folios 125-131)India Office Memorandum entitled 'Position and Rights of His Majesty's Government in Basidu' (folios 142-144)India Office Memorandum entitled 'Position and Rights of His Majesty's Government in the Island of Henjam. The Sheikh of Henjam and his Affairs' (folios 145-148)India Office Memorandum entitled 'Muscat 1908-1928' (folios 149-157).The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 180; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
247. Coll 30/149 'Bahrain: Saudi Relations with Bahrain. Proposed visit of Emir Saud to Bahrain.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file concerns visits to Bahrain by members of the royal family of Saudi Arabia; in particular the visit of Emir Saud [Sa‘ūd bin ‘Abd al-‘Azīz Āl Sa‘ūd], son of Ibn Saud [Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd], in December 1937; and the visit of Ibn Saud himself in March 1939.The papers include detailed reports on both visits by the Political Agent, Bahrain (Hugh Weightman): folios 48-55 (1937) and folios 13-21 (1939), with comments by the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Lieutenant-Colonel Trenchard Craven William Fowle). Both visits were considered by the British to have been a great success (folio 11).The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 62; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
248. Coll 30/152 'Bahrain: Oil: Production of - Monthly Statements of Destination of Shipments'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains monthly statements of petroleum products exports from Bahrain for the period July 1936 - February 1948 inclusive. The statements were sent by the Political Agency, Bahrain to the India Office (and other British Government departments), and the information was provided by the Bahrain Petroleum Company (BAPCO). The statements were originally (1937) sent in response to a request by the Petroleum Department for monthly statistics of the destinations of oil shipments from Bahrain, in order to assess royalties payable by the company.The statements provide the following information: date of departure (later, date of loading), name of vessel, quality of oil shipped, quantity (in tons), destination, and (from 1940) bunkers (diesel or fuel, in tons).From 1945, the statements also provide summaries (in long tons; later, in tons); and (from 1946) reports of actual refinery operations (in tons of 2240 lbs).The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 389; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
249. Coll 30/18(1) 'Persian Gulf: Bahrein, Customs dues on goods in transit; attitude of Ibn Saud'
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume contains correspondence between British officials regarding complications around the payment of transit fees to Bahrain (sometimes written as Bahrein in the file) by Saudi Arabia and its precursor states, the Kingdom of Nejd and Hejaz (1926-1932) and the Sultanate of Nejd (1921-27). The correspondence also discusses relations between the two countries generally and the role of Britain.The correspondence is between officials at the India Office, Foreign Office, Board of Trade, British Legation in Jeddah, Political Residency in the Persian Gulf and the Political Agency in Bahrain. A limited amount of correspondence is also contained with non-British individuals including the Ruler of Bahrain, Shaikh Hamad bin Isa al-Khalifa, some of which is in Arabic (with English translations).In addition to correspondence, the volume contains occasional extracts from Intelligence Reports compiled by the Political Agency in Bahrain and the following documents:'Draft Record of a Meeting held at the Foreign Office on Monday October 8th, regarding relations between Saudi Arabia and Bahrain' (folios 12-24)'Visit of a Japanese Ship to Bahrain' 1934. (folios 69-70)'Minutes of a Meeting held at the India Office on 6th April to discuss the question of Bahrain Transit Dues' (folios 266-272)'Memorandum on the Bahrein Transit Dues Question' (folios 280-289)Translation of Chapter Eight ('Concerning Goods in Transit') of the Hejazi Customs Regulations (folios 483-484)an India Office memorandum entitled 'Bahrein, 1908-1928' (folios 519-524)an India Office memorandum entitled 'Question of British Interference in the Administration of Bahrain' (folios 525-528)'Treaty of Peace with Turkey: Draft Clauses Relating to Ports, Waterways and Railways' (folios 555-558)Article 4 of 'Terms of a Friendly Convention entered into Between Shaikh Mahomed bin Khalifah, Independent Ruler of Bahrain, on the part of himself and Successors and Captain Felix Jones, Her Majesty's Indian Navy, Political Resident of Her Britannic Majesty in the Gulf of Persia, on the Part of the British Government, 1861' (folio 576).The volume includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the volume by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 579; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.
250. Coll 30/18(2) 'Persian Gulf: Bahrain, Transit Dues: Attitude of Ibn Saud'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence between British officials regarding complications around the payment of transit fees to Bahrain (sometimes written as Bahrein in the file) by Saudi Arabia. The correspondence also discusses relations between the two countries generally and the role of Britain. A large proportion of the correspondence in the file relates to the wording and content of an Exchange of Notes between Britain and Saudi Arabia that was agreed in November 1935. Issues concerning Bahrain's sovereignty and Iran's claims to the island are also discussed briefly towards the end of the file.The correspondence is between officials at the India Office, Foreign Office, Board of Trade, British Legation in Jeddah, Political Residency in the Persian Gulf and the Political Agency in Bahrain. A limited amount of correspondence is also contained with non-British individuals including the Ruler of Bahrain, Shaikh Hamad bin Isa al-Khalifa, and Fuad Bey Hamza of the Saudi Ministry of Foreign Affairs.In addition to correspondence, the file contains occasional extracts from Intelligence Reports compiled by the Political Agency in Bahrain and the following documents:'Treaty Series No. 7 (1936) Exchange of Notes between His Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom and the Government of Saudi Arabia regarding Transit Dues at Bahrein, Jedda, November 16, 1935' in both English and Arabic (folios 51-54)'Record of First Part of Fifth Meeting with Fuad Bey Hamza at the Foreign Office on July 15, 1935' (folio 191)'Bahrein Transit Dues' a note written by J G Laithwaite of the India Office, 1934 (folios 371-374)'Record of a meeting held at the Foreign Office on Monday October 8th [1934], Regarding Relations Between Saudi Arabia and Bahrain' (folios 378-389).The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 390; these numbers are written in pencil and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
251. Coll 30/192(1) ‘Persian Gulf. Defence BAHRAIN.’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains papers, mostly correspondence, relating to the defence of Bahrain (also spelled Bahrein in the file), including the supply of guns to the Government of Bahrain, and anti-aircraft defences.The main correspondents are as follows: the India Office; the Political Agent at Bahrain and Acting Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Hugh Weightman); the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Lieutenant-Colonel Trenchard Craven William Fowle); the War Office; the Air Headquarters, British Forces in Iraq; the Government of India External Affairs Department; the Air Ministry; and the Petroleum Department.The file also includes: a Committee of Imperial Defence Overseas Defence Sub-Committee minute entitled ‘Persian Gulf. Defence Schemes for the Arab Side’, dated 14 June 1939; a paper entitled ‘Appreciation of the Situation Regarding the Defence of Bahrein Against Tribal Attacks and Sabotage’, by Major R G Price, Air Headquarters, British Forces in Iraq, for the Air Officer Commanding in Iraq, dated January 1939; and a paper entitled ‘Progress Report – Bahrein Defence Strengths of the Forces Available’, by H P Chadwick, Defence Officer, Persian Gulf, dated 9 April 1941.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 163; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
252. Coll 30/201 ‘Persian Gulf. Judicial. Service of documents upon British subjects in Bahrein Islands.’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains papers relating to the service of petitions of alimony and divorce upon British subjects in Bahrain (also spelled Bahrein in the file).The papers include correspondence, dated 1940, regarding an enquiry from the High Commissioner for Canada about the procedure in effecting service upon a British subject at present in Bahrain of a petition of alimony being prepared as a result of a Decree Absolute of Divorce granted by the Supreme Court of British Columbia, and the possibility of enforcing in Bahrain the terms of an order for alimony and maintenance, in the event of such an order being made by the British Columbia Court. This correspondence is between the Official Secretary to the High Commissioner for Canada, the Dominions Office and the India Office.The file also includes correspondence, dated 1947, concerning a request by the Senior Master of the Supreme Court for the service in Bahrain of a petition of divorce. This correspondence is between the President of the King’s Bench Division of the High Court of Justice, the Senior Master of the Supreme Court, the Foreign Office, and the Commonwealth Relations Office (including internal CRO correspondence).In addition, the file includes a copy of ‘The Bahrein Order in Council, 1913’, and amendments to the Order in Council, dated 1915, 1917, 1922, and 1937.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 38, these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.