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277. Coll 5/34 ‘Meteorological Stations in Persian Gulf: Bahrain & Sharjah’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence and related notes on the provision of accommodation in the Sharjah Rest House for observers of the Indian Meteorological Department; the observers at Sharjah were to be transferred from Muscat. It also contains some discussion over the future of the observatories operated by the Indian Meteorological Department at Bahrain and Sharjah – following the independence of India and Pakistan in 1947 – and arrangements for their replacement with observatories run by the UK Meteorological Service.A statement showing some activities of the Royal Air Force Observatory at Bahrain can be found on folios 16-17.The main correspondents are as follows: the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Trenchard Craven William Fowle and Arnold Crawshaw Galloway), the Political Agent at Bahrain (Percy Gordon Loch), officials of the Air Ministry, and officials of the India Office (the Commonwealth Relations Office from August 1947). The file does not include any correspondence for the years 1936-46.The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 53; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
278. Coll 5/45 ‘Persian Gulf: Replacement of sea-plane unit in the Persian Gulf by a land-plane unit based on Bahrain’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence related to a proposal to transfer Royal Air Force No 203 (General Reconnaissance) Squadron from Basra to Bahrain, and in the process convert the unit from seaplanes to landplanes. It also documents the postponement of this transfer, as a result of the outbreak of the Second World War (1939-1945). Another topic covered in the file is a request for exemption from customs duties on petrol and oil for British military planes for the duration of the war.The main correspondents are as follows: the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Trenchard Craven William Fowle), the Political Agent at Bahrain (Hugh Weightman and Reginald George Evelyn William Alban), the Air Officer Commanding in Iraq, officials of the Air Ministry, and officials of the India Office. It also contains a couple of letters from Charles Dalrymple Belgrave, Adviser to the Government of Bahrain.The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 38; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
279. Coll 30/52 (2) 'Persian Gulf, Diaries: Bahrain News and Intelligence Reports'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains fortnightly intelligence summaries produced by the Political Agency at Bahrain for the years 1941-45. The reports, marked as secret, were sent to the Government of India, the India Office, and numerous British diplomatic, political, and military offices in the Middle East.The reports are divided into short sections that relate to a particular subject. Contained within the file is intelligence on the following topics:ShippingThe movements of British and Foreign subjects, and Arab notablesLocal affairs of Bahrain, as well as regional news from Saudi Arabia, Qatar, the Trucial Coast, and the wider Middle EastEconomic matters and food suppliesBahrain Petroleum Company and other matters related to the oil industryTransport accidentsThe Bahrain ruling familyThe pearl tradeWorkers' strikes in BahrainLocal crimeThe slave tradeRegional boundary disputesThe impact of the Second World War in Bahrain and local reaction to events in the warWeather and meteorological data.There are occasional hand-written comments in the margins of the reports.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 475; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
280. Coll 30/52(1) 'Persian Gulf. Diaries: Bahrain News and Intelligence Reports'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains fortnightly intelligence summaries produced by the Political Agency at Bahrain for the years 1933-40. The reports, marked as secret, were sent to the Government of India, the India Office, and numerous British diplomatic, political, and military offices in the Middle East. There are occasional hand-written comments in the margins of the reports.The reports are divided into short sections that relate to a particular subject. Contained within the file is intelligence on the following topics:ShippingThe movements of British and Foreign subjects, and Arab notablesLocal affairs of Bahrain, as well as regional news from Saudi Arabia, Qatar, the Trucial Coast, and the wider Middle EastEconomic matters and food suppliesBahrain Petroleum Company and other matters related to the oil industryTransport accidentsThe Bahrain ruling familyTensions between Abu Dhabi and DubaiThe pearl tradeWorkers' strikes in BahrainLocal crimeThe slave tradeRegional boundary disputesThe impact of the beginning of the Second World War in Bahrain and local reaction to events in the warWeather and meteorological data.A photograph of Charles Belgrave and the French Naval Officer, Contre Amiral Rivet is contained on folio 388. It was taken when the French Sloop Bougainvillevisited Bahrain on 14-16 February 1935.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 537; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 3-537; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
281. Coll 30/52(3) 'Bahrein Intelligence Summaries 1946'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains fortnightly intelligence summaries produced by the Political Agency at Bahrain for January 1948 until January 1950 (not for the year 1946 as the title suggests). The reports, marked as secret, were sent to the Government of India, the India Office, and numerous British diplomatic, political, and military offices in the Middle East.The reports are divided into short sections that relate to a particular subject. Contained within the file is intelligence on the following topics:ShippingVisits of British and foreign notablesEconomic and commercial mattersLocal news and affairs, as well as that of Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Iran, and the Trucial CoastThe work of Bahrain Petroleum Company, and the oil industry more generallyAmerican interests in the regionLocal reaction to international events such as those in Palestine and SyriaThe activities of the Royal NavyThe supply of electricity, water and telecommunicationsAviationThe work of the Middle East Anti-Locust UnitThe traffic of slavesQuarantine and medical mattersWeather and meteorological data.There are occasional hand-written comments in the margins of the reports.In addition to the reports, the file contains a copy of a letter sent from the Government of Pakistan's Foreign Affairs and Commonwealth Relations Department in Karachi to British officials in Saudi Arabia and Bahrain concerning the alleged kidnapping and enslavement of girls in Baluchistan by 'Arab traders in dates', 9 March 1949 (folio 91).The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 235; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
282. Coll 30/52(3) 'Persian Gulf. Diaries: Bahrain Intelligence Summaries 1946'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains fortnightly intelligence summaries produced by the Political Agency in Bahrain from August 1946 until December 1947. A handwritten note on the cover of the file states that the summaries from January to July 1946 had been mislaid.The reports, marked as secret, were sent to the Government of India, the India Office, and numerous British diplomatic, political, and military offices in the Middle East. The reports are divided into short sections that relate to a particular subject. Contained within the file is intelligence on the following topics:Movement of OfficialsCalls and VisitorsLocal AffairsAffairs of the Trucial ShaikhsThe Royal Air ForceBahrain Petroleum Company LimitedPetroleum Concessions LimitedShippingMeteorological.There are occasional hand-written comments in the margins of the reports.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 138; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
283. Coll 6/48 'Oil: Concessions in Saudi Arabia. (Hasa)'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file relates to oil concessions in Saudi Arabia, particularly the Hasa [Al Hasa] concession between the Government of Saudi Arabia and the Standard Oil Company of California (SoCal). It includes discussion of the following:Oil negotiations in Saudi Arabia during March and April 1933, and the reported involvement of Major Frank Holmes in negotiations relating to the Kuwait (also spelled Koweit in the file) [Saudi-Kuwaiti] neutral zone.Details of an agreement for the oil concession relating to the Hasa region of Saudi Arabia, made between the Government of Saudi Arabia and SoCal (signed on 27 May 1933), and assigned by SoCal to its subsidiary, the California Arabian Standard Oil Company (Casoc).British concerns regarding a request made by Casoc via the United States Embassy for its aeroplane to be permitted to fly over Kuwait and Bahrain, as part of a survey of the region relating to its oil concession.Reports that Casoc may be interested in exhanging the southern half of its Hasa concession for land further west, and the effect that this might have on Britain's negotiations with Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd].Reports of the discovery of oil in Hasa in 1935, and the discovery of commercial quantities of oil there in March 1938.Reports that Casoc is considering the possibility of laying a pipeline from Hasa to Bahrain.Casoc's oil rights in the Kuwait neutral zone.The progress of operations carried out in Hasa by Casoc, including the status of its wells at Dhahran.An account of a visit made by the Political Agent at Bahrain (Hugh Weightman) to Casoc's site at Dhahran as well as to other areas in the region, in May 1939.Details of a loan from Casoc to the Government of Saudi Arabia.Reports of Casoc having taken the decision to construct a refinery at Ras Tanura.The file features the following principal correspondents: the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the Political Agent, Bahrain; the Political Agent, Kuwait; the Secretary of State for the Colonies; His Majesty's Chargé d’Affaires, Jedda; the His Majesty's Minister at Jedda; officials of the Foreign Office, the India Office, the War Office, the Air Ministry, and the Petroleum Department; representatives of Casoc.In addition to correspondence the file includes the following:Copies of the oil agreement and a supplementary agreement between the Government of Saudi Arabia and the Standard Oil Company of California, dated 1933 and 1939 respectively.Extracts from Bahrain and Kuwait intelligence reports.The minutes of an interdepartmental meeting held at the Colonial Office on 26 April 1933, concerning British interests in oil in the Persian Gulf (notably Kuwait, Bahrain, Hasa in Saudi Arabia, and the Kuwaiti neutral zone).Draft and final copies of a War Office report entitled 'Brief Summary of the Oil Situation in the Middle East, November 1934'.The date range of the volume is 1923-1945 but only a handful of items date from before 1933. These include copies of the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf's correspondence with the Secretary of State for the Colonies and the Foreign Secretary to the Government of India respectively, which date from 1923 to 1926 and concern the possibility of oil development both in Qatar and on the Trucial Coast.The file includes three dividers which give a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. These are placed at the back of the correspondence (folios 2-4).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 575; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
284. Coll 6/56 'Saudi-Arabia: Prevention of use of Bahrein and Kuwait as bases for activities against Nejd (Ibn Hithlain)'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file relates to an Ajman chief named Khalid ibn Hithlain [Khālid bin Muḥammad bin Ḥithlayn, also transliterated as Khalid bin Hathlain in the file], who is suspected of planning anti-Saudi activities. The correspondence documents the efforts of the British authorities – at the Saudi Government's request – to monitor Khalid ibn Hithlain's movements and prevent him from using either Kuwait or Bahrain as a base from which to plan hostile actions. The file concludes with extracts from the Kuwait Political Agency's intelligence summaries, which report Khalid ibn Hithlain's return to Saudi Arabia in January 1935, following a general political amnesty granted by the Saudi Government.Notable correspondents include the following: His Majesty's Chargé d’Affaires to Jedda (Albert Spencer Calvert); His Majesty's Minister at Jedda (Sir Andrew Ryan); the Secretary of State for the Colonies (Philip Cunliffe-Lister); the Saudi Minister for Foreign Affairs [Fayṣal bin ‘Abd al-‘Azīz Āl Sa‘ūd]; the Saudi Ministry of Foreign Affairs.The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 30; these numbers are printed and written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers.
285. Coll 30/6 'Persian Gulf. Bahrein [sic]: Trade Reports 1928 to'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains copies of annual trade reports that were compiled by the Political Agency in Bahrain and printed in India.The reports contain detailed lists of all trade shipped in and out of Bahrain and the country's primary importers and exporters as well as general trade and financial information as complied by the Political Agent.In addition to the trade reports themselves, the file also contains related correspondence between British officials and material that was used in their preparation.The file includes a divider at its front which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 237; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An external leather cover wraps around the documents; the inside front cover has been foliated as f 1. A previous foliation sequence, which is present between ff 2-236 and is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
286. Coll 30/62 'Persian Gulf. Bahrain. Provision of Lightship for Bahrain Harbour'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence regarding the provision of a lightship for Bahrain harbour. The majority of this correspondence is between officials at the India Office, the Government of India's Foreign and Political Department, the Royal Indian Marine and the Bahrain Petroleum Company (BAPCO).In addition to correspondence, the file also contains the following document:'Minutes of the meeting of the Advisory Committee of the Persian Gulf Lighting Dept. held in the Office of the Flag Officer Commanding, Royal Indian Marine, on Monday 14th March 1932' (folio 46).The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 49; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
287. Coll 30/7 'Persian Gulf, Russia: Russian Trade Activities'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence between British officials regarding the trading activities of the U.S.S.R. in the Persian Gulf, primarily in Iraq, Persia, Kuwait and Bahrain.These officials are from the Department of Overseas Trade; the Political Residency in Bushire; the British Consulates in Bandar Abbas, Shiraz, Baghdad and Basra; the Political Agencies in Kuwait and Bahrain; the British Legation in Tehran.The correspondence discusses exact details concerning imports from the USSR and as such includes relevant tables and statistical information but also contains broader political discussions around the political context of these activities and how they may impact on Britain's interests in the region.Alongside correspondence, the file also contains a number of relevant newspaper clippings from British and Persian publications including a number from Le Messager de Teheranthat are in French.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 283; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
288. Coll 5/81 ‘Facilities for U.S. Air Transport Corps at Bahrein and Sharjah’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains papers related to the provision of facilities for the United States Air Transport Command at both Bahrain and Sharjah. This includes policy and strategy discussions over how best to maintain British control of the Arabian Coast Air Route; British planners feared that the United States might use facilities, built using American personnel and finance, as a lever for post-war concessions in civil aviation. It therefore includes correspondence related to the leasing of land, and the construction of buildings, by the Royal Air Force (RAF) for the use of the United States.A map showing Bahrain Oil Company (BAPCO) establishments in Bahrain can be found on folio 127, and a table showing the facilities required by the United States can be found on folio 102.The main correspondents are as follows: the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Charles Geoffrey Prior), the Political Agent at Bahrain (Tom Hickinbotham), officials of the Air Ministry, officials of the India Office (Roland Tennyson Peel, Francis Anthony Kitchener Harrison, and Dennis Mackrow Cleary), officers of Air Headquarters in Iraq, and representatives of the External Affairs Department of the Government of India.The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 145; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.