Abstract: This file contains correspondence regarding the situation after hostilities that occurred between the Al Naim tribe (supported by Bahrain) and Qatar in Zubarah in June and July 1937.The correspondence covers the period immediately following the events and continues for several years until 1946. It contains details of British mediation efforts between the two sides and also includes the text (in English and Arabic) of a reconciliation agreement between the two sides from 1944.The file also contains a translation of an Arabic-language letter published in the Cairo publication 'Rabitat Al Arabieh' (f. 25). The letter is from a Bahraini and argues that the British had sided with Qatar in the conflict regarding Zubarah as they were afraid that if under Bahraini control, the concession for oil deposits near the town would be given to an American (as opposed to British) oil company as had been done in Bahrain.Physical description: A bound correspondence volume. There are two incomplete foliation sequences and one complete foliation sequence. The complete sequence is circled in pencil, in the top right corner of each folio. It begins on the title page, on number 1, and runs through to 224, ending on the inside of the back cover of the volume. Anomalies: f.1A; f.126A; f.126B; f.141A; f.141B.
Abstract: The volume contains correspondence, notes, and memoranda concerning the affairs of Bahrain and Britain's role in the country. The correspondence is mostly between the Government of India, Foreign Office, and India Office. Further correspondence, included as enclosures and often in the form of printed collections relating to the matter at hand, is between the Government of India, Foreign Office, and various British political and diplomatic offices in Persia, Turkish Arabia (present-day Iraq), and the Persian Gulf.The three parts of the volume each relate to different subjects, as follows:1. (Part 3) The arrangements for Turkish mail from Basra to be conveyed to ports in the Persian Gulf;2. (Part 4) Cargo landing arrangements at Bahrain and the discussion over whether to support a German firm's claim of mis-management against the current contractor;3. (Part 5) Outbreaks of plague and cholera in the region.Many of the discussions covered by the papers bring into question the nature of Britain's role in Bahrain, particularly regarding jurisdiction over foreigners.The volume comprises parts 3-5 of 5. Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, year the subject file was opened, subject heading, and list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 168; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
Abstract: The volume contains correspondence relating to disturbances in Bahrain and the consequent discussion over administrative changes. The correspondence is mostly between the India Office, the Foreign Office, and the Government of India. Further correspondence, included as enclosures, is from the following:Percy Zachariah Cox, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf;Francis Beville Prideaux, Political Agent at Bahrain;Shaikh Isa bin Ali Al Khalifah [Shaikh ‘Īsá bin ‘Alī Āl Khalīfah], ruler of Bahrain;Shaikh Ali bin Ahmed Al Khalifah [Shaikh ‘Alī bin Aḥmad Āl Khalīfah], nephew of the ruler of Bahrain;numerous other British political and naval offices in Turkish Arabia and Persia.The disturbances centred around attacks on a German man and several Persians by Shaikh Isa's nephew, Ali bin Ahmed, and his followers in late 1904. The papers within the volume cover several matters related to these attacks:the investigation into the details of the attacks;the discussion over what to do about Ali bin Ahmed and his eventual exile;British naval operations to enforce order;Turkish claims that Shaikh Isa believes himself to be a Turkish subject;the discussion over increased administrative intervention in Bahrain, specifically control of customs.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 262; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
Abstract: The volume contains correspondence, memoranda, handwritten notes, and minutes relating to the question over the status of subjects of Bahrain and the Trucial Coast (United Arab Emirates) when in Persia and Turkish Arabia. The correspondence is mostly between the India Office and the Foreign Office. Further correspondence, included as enclosures, is from the following:British Minister at Tehran;Persian Government;Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, at Bushire;Consulates at Mohammerah [Khorramshahr] and Basrah;Political Resident in Turkish Arabia, at Baghdad;British Minister at Constantinople;the Admiralty.The papers cover the discussions over the status of people from Bahrain and the Trucial Coast while they are in Persia and Turkish Arabia, and what protection the British can offer them. This discussion was triggered by incidences of imprisonment and maltreatment in both territories. The discussions called into question Persian claims of sovereignty over Bahrain and the nature of Britain's role in Bahrain, with the idea of making it a protectorate being raised for the first time.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 281; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
Abstract: This volume comprises two parts that contain correspondence pertaining to two distinct topics.Part one discusses the possibility of discovering oil deposits in Koweit [Kuwait] and Bahrein [Bahrain], with some reference also made to the potential for deposits to be found in Syria and the Farsan Isles [Farasan Islands]. Part two concerns the provision of a permanent water supply in Koweit [Kuwait].Both parts consist primarily of correspondence between British officials, principally at the India Office, the Foreign Office and the Government of India.The volume comprises part 1 and 2. Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, year the subject file was opened, subject heading, and list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume. The subject 451 (Koweit and Bahrein) consists of one volume, IOR/L/PS/10/339. The volume is divided into 2 parts, with parts 1 and 2 comprising one volume.
Abstract: The file contains correspondence relating to the notification and registration of the deaths of two individuals, and arrangements for the disposal of their property and possessions. The first case discussed is that of Jose Pedro d’Souza, a Portuguese Goan, who died during a visit to Persia in 1925, whilst employed as a cook by the Political Agent, Kuwait. This correspondence includes an enquiry by his employer into the circumstances of his death, the arrangements for his Christian burial in Persia, and the despatch of money and possessions to his widow in Goa. The second case concerns the death of Haji bin Muhenna Hasawi, an owner of property who died in Bahrain in 1930 and who had appointed his son, resident in Kuwait, as executor of his will. The main correspondents are Major James Carmichale More and his successor Lieutenant Colonel Harold Richard Patrick Dickson as Political Agent, Kuwait, and Mr W G Huxley, Superintendent, Indo-European Telegraph Department, Persian Section, Shiraz. The correspondence includes a letter in Portuguese from the Political Agent, Kuwait to the widow of Jose Pedro d’Souza, living in Goa, in 1925. There is also an exchange of letters in Arabic between the Political Agent, Kuwait and Shaikh Ahmad al-Jabir as-Subah [Āl Ṣabāḥ, Shaikh Aḥmad al-Jābir] the Ruler of Kuwait, in 1930.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 56; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 3-53; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
Abstract: The volume concerns pearl fishing in the Persian Gulf; in particular attempted incursions into the trade by the French, Germans, and others; the political and economic interests of the British in pearl fishing; investigations into reports of the depletion of the pearl fishing banks in the Gulf; and proposals to use modern diving apparatus.The principal correspondents are the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Percy Zachariah Cox); the Political Agent, Bahrain; and senior officials of the Government of India, the India Office, the Foreign Office, and the Board of Trade.The papers cover:
Report on the Ceylon Pearl Fisheries, published 1902 (including extracts of documents from the 1850s onwards), which includes references to the presence of Arab divers at the Ceylon fisheries (folios 247-281); the presence of two French businessmen in Bahrein [Bahrain], and the question of whether European enterprise could be excluded from the pearl fishing industry on the Arabian coast of the Persian Gulf, March 1904 (folios 212-246); the opinion of the Law Officers' Department that the tribes of the Arabian coast had a right to the exclusive use of the pearl fisheries within a three-mile limit, and any other waters that might justly be considered territorial, February 1905 (folios 203-211); German attempts to gain control over the pearl industry in the Persian Gulf, including the importance attached by the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Cox) to the operations of Gray, Paul & Company, March 1905 - January 1908 (folios 177-202); the Government of India in favour of direct intervention to secure a British monopoly, June-August 1908 (folios 170-176); enquiries into the pearl fishing industry by Dr Gustav Josef Eduard Levien of Hamburg, April-May 1910 (folios 150-169); papers concerning the alleged depletion of the pearl banks, December 1910 - May 1911 (folios 106-149); further French interest in the pearl fisheries, February-May 1911 (folios 82-105, 66-69); official encouragement for British firms to enter the pearl trade, March-May 1911 (folios 69-81); a proposed investigation into depletion of the pearl banks by James Hornell of the Madras Fisheries Department, June-September 1911 (folios 56-65), and the investigation postponed, February 1912 (folios 42-53); assurances by the rulers of the Arab littoral states that they would not grant concessions to countries other than Britain, November 1911 (folios 54-55), and the texts of the rulers' replies, July-August 1911 (folios 32-41); papers concerning an application to use modern, 'scientific' diving apparatus in the Gulf by Muhammad bin Abdul Wahab Mishari, a director of the Arab Steamship Company in Bombay, and a rumour (denied) of similar interest from the Sultan of Oman, April-November 1912 (folios 11-31); copies of official correspondence from 1857 showing that British officials thought that British subjects did not have any right to fish for pearls on the fishing grounds of the maritime tribes in the Persian Gulf, March 1913 (folios 5-6); and American (United States) interest in scientific aspects of the pearl industry in Bahrain, June 1914 (folios 2-4).The volume includes two Admiralty charts illustrating the pearl fisheries of the Persian Gulf, on folio 238 (= IOR/W/L/PS/10/457 (i) and IOR/L/PS/10/457 (ii)), and a map accompanying the report on the Ceylon Pearl Fisheries (folio 278).The French language content of the file is confined to a single letter (folio 91).The date range gives the covering dates of the main run of papers (which include extracts of documents from the 1850s onwards), and any other additions to the volume; the Secret Department minute papers enclosing groups of papers are dated 1904-1914.Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, year the subject file was opened, subject heading, and list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence (folio 1).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 281; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
Abstract: This part mainly consists of correspondence, and India Office minutes and internal notes, relating to the Eastern Bank, including papers concerning: the desire of the Eastern Bank to open a branch at Kermanshah in Persia [Iran]; the Bank opening a branch at Mosul in Mesopotamia [Iraq]; the prohibition on dealings with the Eastern Bank’s demand drafts; and the Eastern Bank opening a branch at Bahrain (Bahrein).It includes correspondence between the India Office and the following: the Eastern Bank Limited; the Foreign Office; and the Civil Commissioner, Baghdad.The file also includes a copy letter from the Consul, Imperial Consulate of Persia, Ordnance Works, Sheffield, to the Foreign Office, and a copy reply from the Foreign Office, July 1920, regarding the proposal of the Persian Consul to establish an Anglo-Persian Commercial and Trading Bank in Persia.Physical description: 1 item (79 folios)
Abstract: The file comprises telegrams, despatches, correspondence, memoranda, and notes relating to the calibration and measurement of the oil storage tanks of the Bahrain Petroleum Company Limited in order to assess royalties due to the lessors.Included in the file is a technical plan: 'Diagram of Sitra Terminal Tank Link-Up' (folio 38).The principal correspondents in the file are: an official of the India Office (John Gilbert Laithwaite); the Political Agent, Bahrain; and Bahrain Petroleum Company Limited (Hamilton R Ballantyne).The file includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 178; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
Abstract: The volume comprises tables of the capacities of the storage tanks of the Bahrein [Bahrain] Petroleum Company Limited. The tables were compiled by B and R Redwood, Petroleum Inspection Department in August 1934.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 45; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
Abstract: The volume comprises telegrams, despatches, correspondence, memoranda, printed reports and notes relating to the development of an oil concession in Bahrain.The discussion in the volume relates to:The form of wording to be used in an agreement with the Eastern and General Syndicate Limited and the Eastern Gulf Oil CompanyThe basis on which non-British subjects could be allowed to be involved in the oil concessionThe desire of the Shaikh of Bahrain to allow drilling for water and the implicationsDraft agreements for an oil concession between Shaikh Ḥamad bin ‘Īsá Āl Khalīfah, Ruler of Bahrain, and the Eastern and General Syndicate Limited.The principal correspondents include: the Political Agent, Bahrain; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies, Colonial Office, London; the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs; officials of the Petroleum Department; the General Manager, Eastern and General Syndicate Limited (H T Adams); and the Ruler of Bahrain (Shaikh Ḥamad bin ‘Īsá Āl Khalīfah).The volume includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references by year. This is placed at the back of correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 709; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
Abstract: The volume comprises telegrams, despatches, correspondence, memoranda, and notes relating to the development of an oil concession in Bahrain.The discussion in the volume relates to the terms of Major Frank Holmes's residency in Bahrain and issues relating to finding his replacement. It contains correspondence between the Colonial Office and the solicitor of the Bahrein Petroleum Company Limited concerning the terms of the concession and its nationality clause. Also included in the volume is a copy of the translation of a letter dated 25 September 1933 from Shaikh Ḥamad bin ‘Īsá Āl Khalīfah, Ruler of Bahrain, to Captain Everard Huddleston Gastrell, Political Agent, Bahrain.The principal correspondents in the volume are: the Political Agent, Bahrain; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the Under-Secretary of State, Colonial Office; Petroleum Department (Frank Gregory Starling); solicitor for the Bahrain Petroleum Company Limited (Hamilton R Ballantyne); the Ruler of Bahrain (Shaikh Ḥamad bin ‘Īsá Āl Khalīfah); the Adviser to the Government of Bahrain (Sir Charles Dalrymple Belgrave); and the Chief Local Representative, the Bahrain Petroleum Company (Frank Holmes).The volume includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 477; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.