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37. 'Military Report on the Arabian Shores of the Persian Gulf, Kuwait, Bahrein, Hasa, Qatar, Trucial Oman and Oman'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume is Military Report on the Arabian Shores of the Persian Gulf, Kuwait, Bahrein, Hasa, Qatar, Trucial Oman and Oman(Calcutta: Government of India Press, 1933). The volume was produced by the General Staff, India. The place name Bahrain is rendered in the title and elsewhere in the volume in the spelling 'Bahrein'.The volume contains information in separate sections for each of the places listed in the title under the following chapter headings:I Historical (ff 8-14);II Geography, Climate, Health (ff 15-54);III Population (ff 54-67);IV Water Supply; Resources (ff 68-70);V Armed Forces (ff 70-75);VI Aviation (ff 75-78);VII Political (ff 79-81);VIII Inter-Communication [wireless and telegraph] (ff 81-82);IX Communications [land routes] (ff 83-98).There are three appendices, which follow the same format:I Currency, Weights and Measures (f 99-102);II Landing Facilities - Maritime (ff 103-106);III List of Maps (f 106).The volume includes five maps of the region (ff 109-113).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at 1 on the front cover and terminates at 113 on the last of the five maps inserted in a pocket attached to the back cover. The numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and appear in the top right hand corner of the recto page of each folio. All five maps (ff 109, 110, 111, 112, 113) need to folded out to be examined. This is the system used to determine the sequence of pages in the volume.Pagination: an original printed pagination sequence, numbered 2-198 appears between ff 8-106.
38. ‘Table of Court Fees. For P.A’s office’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains a table of court fees for the Court of the Political Agent (P.A.) at Bahrain. The fees are itemised and numbered (1 to 43) with a description of the charge given, and some grouped under the following subheadings: Appeals, Miscellaneous, Criminal, Registration. Alongside each item is a charge, given in Indian rupees (Rs.), annas (As.) and pies (Ps.) The list is typewritten, but there are some handwritten notes and additions to the list. There are two notes included in the table. The first concerns the dispensing of charges on account of a party being unable to pay charges. The second concerns the application of ‘khidma’ fees in certain proceedings. There is no indication of the date the list was compiled or amended.The file also contains two folios of file notes. The first (f 6) includes a note, dated 14 February 1933, from or to the Political Agent, relating to an enquiry made to the Agency’s Vernacular Office (V.O.) about the execution of decrees of British Indian Courts in Bahrain, and procedure in judicial trials. A handwritten note refers the enquiry to another file. The second file note (f 7) lists two pieces of correspondence dated December 1933 (not included in the file), with a note concerning the submission of draft acknowledgements for approval.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 8; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
39. 'BAHRAIN ISLAND'
- Description:
- Abstract: Plan of Bahrain. The plan indicates hydrology, settlements and vegetation, as well as providing some indication of relief. Included is a table of reference of symbols used.Prepared by naval staff in the Admiralty's Naval Intelligence Division.Physical description: Materials: Printed in colour on paper.Dimensions: 866 x 423mm, on sheet 918 x 524mm.
40. 'Ext 1948/43 Iraqi dinar notes repatriated from Bahrain'
- Description:
- Abstract: Letter form Sir Kinahan Cornwallis, HR Ambassador from Iran to the Foreign Office, relating the cost in dinar notes of some parcels that were despatched by air but lost off the coast of Spain.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 3; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
41. ‘Trigonometrical Plan of the Island and Harbour of Bahrein, on the Arabian Side of the Gulf of Persia; by Lieutts. G.B. Brucks, and W.E. Rogers. Hon. E.I.C. Marine Service: 1825. Drawn by Lieutt. M. Houghton; Draughtsman Hon. E.I.C. Marine. Engraved by Bateman and Son’
- Description:
- Abstract: Imprint:Published by James Horsburgh, Hydrographer to the East India Company.Distinctive Features:Relief shown by hachures. Depth shown by soundings.Title in a decorative cartouche with a view of ‘A Mosque on Bahrein. From a rough sketch by Dr. A. Mackell’. The engraver’s details inserted below a compass rose orienting north at the right centre of the map.Nautical chart of the western coast of the Persian Gulf showing the Island of Bahrein compiled from the surveys carried out by the Bombay Marine’s officers between 1820 and 1829.Shows location of the ‘Portuguese lighthouse, harbour and fort’, west of Manamah. Includes note on water levels. Degrees of latitude and longitude variation reported.Physical description: Dimensions:655 x 580 mm, on sheet 855 x 675 mm
42. ‘Persian Gulf gazetteer. Part 1. Historical and political materials. Précis on arms trade in the Persian Gulf.’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume, stamped ‘Secret’ on the front cover and frontispiece, is part 1 (historical and political materials) of a précis the arms trade in the Persian Gulf, covering the years 1883 to 1904. It was prepared by Lieutenant Cecil Hamilton Gabriel of the Indian Army, and published in 1904 by the Government of India Foreign Department, Simla, India.The précis comprises copies of correspondence relating to: the nature and extent of the arms traffic between various parts and ports of the Gulf and the wider Indian Ocean region: chiefly in and around Maskat [Muscat], but also on the Mekran [Makran] coast, the route between Zanzibar and Maskat, Bahrein [Bahrain], Koweit [Kuwait], Oman and Somaliland [Somalia], and between the Persian Gulf and the northwest frontier [Afghanistan]; reports of the seizure or surrender of arms, or vessels carrying arms, including the seizure of the SS Baluchistanin 1898, and arms traded by the company Fracis, Times & Co.; agreements between the British Government and local rulers for the suppression of the arms trade; the issue of licenses for the export of arms; arms traffic in the Gulf, in relation to French, Italian, Persian and Turkish Governments; instructions for naval officers in the Persian Gulf in relation to the arms traffic.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: The volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence, with page numbers located top and centre of each page.
43. ‘Persian Gulf gazetteer. Part 1. Historical and political materials. Précis of Bahrein affairs, 1854-1904.’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume, stamped ‘Secret’ on the front cover and frontispiece, is part 1 (historical and political materials) of a précis of Bahrain (spelt Bahrein throughout) affairs for the years 1854-1904. It was prepared by Judge Jerome Antony Saldanha of the Bombay Provincial Civil Service, and published in 1904 by the Government of India Foreign Department, Simla, India.The contents of the volume run as follows:Part 1, entitled Political events from 1854 to 1870, including: a brief history of Bahrain (1783-1853); Mahomed bin Abdullah bin Ahmed’s [Muḥammad bin ‘Abdullāh bin Aḥmad] threatened attack against Bahrain, his piracies and expulsion from Damaum [Dammām], 1859; tyranny of the Ruler of Bahrain, Shaikh Muḥammad bin ‘Abdullāh Āl Khalīfah, his unfriendly attitude to the British agent, and to British subjects and their trade, 1858; Mahomed bin Khalifa’s [Muḥammad bin Khalīfah] blockade of Wahabi [Wahhābī] ports, and subsequent signing of a perpetual treaty of peace with the British, and Turkish protests against British proceedings, 1861; events during 1861-66, including the restoration of a captured buggalow [boat] to Muḥammad bin Khalīfah, ill-treatment of Indian subjects; Persian protests, Wahhābī claims to Bahrain; violation of the maritime truce by Bahrain and Abuthabi [Abu Dhabi], Ali-bin-Khalifa [‘Alī bin Khalīfah] becomes ruler of Bahrain, 1867-68; Persian claims of sovereignty over Bahrain, Persian protests to Britain, 1869; attack on Bahrain by Muḥammad bin Khalīfah and Nasir bin Mubarak, murder of ‘Alī bin Khalīfah, Esau-bin-Ali [‘Īsá bin ‘Alī] proclaimed ruler of Bahrain, 1869; Persian and Turkish protests against British proceedings at Bahrain in 1869.2. International status and British protection, 1871-1904, including: Turkish expedition to Nejd, 1871-72; protest by the Ottoman Porte against alleged acts of British sovereignty in Bahrain, 1872-73; Turkish movements in Katar [Qatar], and advice to the ruler of Bahrain to not become involved in Qatar affairs, 1873; proceedings of Abdul Rahman bin Feysal [‘Abd al Rahman bin Fayṣal], 1874-75; fortifications at Menamah [Manama], and the Porte’s project to erect a lighthouse at Manama; the Beni Hajir attack on Zobarah [Zubara], retaliation by the ruler of Bahrain, Shaikh ‘Īsá bin ‘Alī; aggressive Turkish policy and the establishment of a Turkish province on the Arab littoral, 1875-76; revolt in Hasa [Al-Hasa], 1879-81; threat of attack on Bahrain by Nasir bin Mobarik and Shaikh Jasim [Shaikh Jāsim bin Muḥammad ]of Bidaa [Al-Bidda], policy in relation to Shaikh Jāsim and the Turkish Government, 1881; Turkish intentions to establish a coal depot at Bahrain, and Bahrain agreement with the British Government to not have dealings with foreign powers, 1880; conclusion of an agreement between Bahrain and Britain, 1892; occupation of Zubara by the Al-bin-Ali tribe, with the support of Turkey and Shaikh Jāsim, 1895; establishment of the American Arabian Mission in Bahrain, 1892, 1899-1901; questions over the establishment of the German firm Wonckhaus at Bahrain; foreign enterprises in relation to the pearl fisheries, 1863-1904; proposed consular representation of France at Bahrain, 1904.3. Internal affairs and British policy, including: Shaikh ‘Īsá’s imprisonment of the mail agent, 1873; murder of a member of the Khalīfah family by the brother of the ruler of Bahrain, 1877; death of Shaikh Ahmed-bin-Ali-bin-Khalifa, 1888; murder of the Arab chief Sultan-bin-Salema, 1895; question of redress for outrages committed by Bahrainis against British or British-protected subjects, 1897-1900; proposed establishment of a branch of the Imperial Bank of Persia, 1900; prohibition of alcohol into Bahrain, 1900; proposed hospital in Bahrain, in commemoration of Queen Victoria, 1901-03; proposals to recognise Shaikh Hamed [Shaikh Ḥamad bin ‘Īsá Āl Khalīfah] as successor designated, and to appoint a British Political Agent to Bahrain, 1899-1900; deputation of Mr TC Gaskin [John Calcott Gaskin] as Assistant Political Agent at Bahrain, 1899; proposed reform of Bahrain customs, 1901-04; construction of the Agency building at Bahrain, 1901-03.The appendices are as follows: A) A Genealogical table of Bahrain ruling family; B) a translation of an agreement between Hussein Ali Mirza and Lieutenant William Bruce, Resident of Bushire, 8 August 1822; C) translation of a preliminary treaty between Britain and the rulers of Bahrain, 1820, signed by Major-General William Keir; D) terms of a friendly convention entered into between Shaikh Muḥammad bin Khalīfah, ruler of Bahrain, and Captain Felix Jones, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, 31 May 1861; E) translation of the agreement entered into between the British Government and ‘Alī bin Khalīfah, ruler of Bahrain, 1868; F) translation of an agreement between the Lieutenant-Colonel Edward Ross, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, and Shaikh ‘Īsá bin ‘Alī, the ruler of Bahrain, 22 December 1880; G) translation of an agreement signed by the ruler of Bahrain, Shaikh ‘Īsá bin ‘Alī, 13 March 1892; H) Government correspondence dating from 1901, relating to the opening by the German man Robert Wankhaus [or Wonckhaus] of a commercial office in Bahrain, and the question raised of foreign jurisdiction in Bahrain.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: The volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence, with page numbers located top and centre of each page.
44. 'Confidential 86/7-I c-66 AERIAL SURVEY OF BAHRAIN IN CONNECTION WITH B.P.C. OPERATIONS'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence between the Political Agent at Bahrain (Percy Gordon Loch), the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Trenchard Craven Fowle), and the Air Officer Commanding at Baghdad (Ernest Leslie Gossage) regarding a request from the Bahrain Petroleum Company (B.P.C.) to arrange an aerial survey of Bahrain in order to identify types of land usage within the geographic area included in their mining lease.Matters discussed include British officials preference for the Royal Air Force to undertake such a survey; the Air Officer Commanding's confirmation that they had intended to undertake a full survey of Bahrain anyway and that providing a copy to the Oil Company would therefore not be a problem; the intended scale of the photographs being taken and the price of supplying copies of the survey photographs. The survey was undertaken in February and March 1936.File notes which were maintained as a record of the correspondence in the volume can be found at folio 16.Physical description: Foliation: The main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 5-16; these numbers are also written in pencil, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence, but they are not circled.
45. 'CONFIDENTIAL 86/9-I OIL REFINERY BAHRAIN PETROLEUM COMPANY. C-64'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence between the India Office (Maurice Clauson), the Bahrain Petroleum Company (Hamilton R Ballantyne), the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Trenchard Craven Fowle, Percy Gordon Loch) , the Political Agent at Bahrain (Percy Gordon Loch), and the Government of Bahrain (Shaikh Ḥamad bin ‘Īsá Āl Khalīfah, Charles Dalyrmple Belgrave) regarding the Bahrain Petroleum Company (BAPCO)’s wish to erect an oil refinery in Bahrain.The primary subject of discussion in the volume is the Bahrain Petroleum Company’s interest in erecting a refinery in Bahrain; the possible markets for oil produced by it; the Admiralty’s interest in the potential value of access to petrol during wartime conditions; and the possibility of using a refinery in Bahrain to refine imported oil. Also discussed is the Company’s interest in securing further tax exemptions from the Bahrain Government in relation to establishing a refinery; an agreement to increase the minimum amount of royalty paid by BAPCO to the Bahrain Government; and the desire of the Shaikh of Bahrain to ensure that every effort would be made to employ Bahraini subjects at the refinery once complete.Other matters discussed in the volume include:BAPCO’s intention of loaning American refinery construction workers from the Standard Oil Company of California to work on construction of the refinery at Bahrain, and arrangements with the British Consul-General in San Francisco (Cyril H Cane) for the issuing of visas to the relevant individuals;the drafting of a deed which would modify the mining lease between BAPCO and the Government of Bahrain in order to enable the erection of a refinery in Bahrain, and the procedures required for its signature in Bahrain. A copy of the original mining lease can be found at folios 6-16, and a copy of the deed modifying the lease can be found at folios 167-170.BAPCO’s intention of attempting to acquire some of the plant for the refinery from Germany and the need for the plant to be accompanied by 2 Germans to assist in its erection and to oversee the training of BAPCO staff in its use.A series of file notes which were maintained as a record of the correspondence in the volume can be found at folios 213-217.Physical description: Foliation: The main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional mixed foliation/pagination sequence is also present in parallel between ff 6-217; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. The parallel sequence is located in the same position as the main sequence, although some folios are also numbered on the verso.
46. 'Confidential 86/14-I. B.39. Petroleum Concessions Limited Bahrain'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence between the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Trenchard Craven Fowle, Percy Gordon Loch); the Political Agent at Bahrain (Percy Gordon Loch, John Baron Howes); the India Office (John Charles Walton, Maurice Clauson); the Petroleum Department (Frederick Charles Starling); the Shaikh of Bahrain (Shaikh Ḥamad bin ‘Īsá Āl Khalīfah); the Adviser to the Government of Bahrain (Charles Dalrymple Belgrave); Petroleum Concessions Limited (John Skliros, Stephen Hemsley Longrigg, Frank Holmes); and the Bahrain Petroleum Company (Hamilton R Ballantyne, Edward Allen Skinner) regarding negotiations for a concession in the unalloted area of Bahrain including territorial waters and islands.The volume concentrates primarily on negotiations for a concession in the unalloted area of Bahrain following an initial approach from Petroleum Concessions Limited (PCL) and the Shaikh of Bahrain’s decision to inform the Bahrain Petroleum Company (BAPCO) should they wish to compete with PCL for the concession. Offers for the concession area are made by both companies and included in the volume, along with later discussion regarding the possibility of dividing the remaining concession area in two and granting separate concessions, one for the unalloted area on the mainland and the other for the Hawar Islands and other territorial islands. Copies of the draft agreement produced by Petroleum Concessions Limited, and later amendments can be found at folios 5-22, 91-107.Also discussed is the potential of over-lapping rights should a concession be granted for the unallotted area and suggestions that a concession for that area might contain a clause granting subordinate rights in some areas in order to respect rights granted to BAPCO in their agreement. The rights related to access to fresh water, roads and harbours.Further discussion surrounds the ‘Bahrain Islands’ focusing particularly on the Hawar group of islands and whether they were owned by Bahrain, as claimed by the Shaikh of Bahrain and could therefore be included in a concession for the unalloted area. The resulting enquiries made by the India Office concluded that it appeared Bahrain owned the islands, and that the burden of disproving ownership rested with any other potential claimant.A series of file notes which were maintained as a record of the correspondence in the volume can be found at folios 221-227.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the back cover with 231; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 23-220; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
47. 'Confidential 86/14-ii B.47 PETROLEUM CONCESSIONS LTD. BAHRAIN'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume comprises correspondence between the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Trenchard C Fowle, Percy G Loch, Olaf K Caroe, Hugh Weightman), the Political Agent at Bahrain (Percy G Loch, Hugh Weightman, Tom Hickinbotham, John B Howes), the India Office (Maurice J Clauson, Roland T Peel, John C Walton, John P Gibson), the Shaikh of Bahrain (Shaikh Ḥamad bin ‘Īsá Āl Khalīfah), the Adviser to the Government of Bahrain (Charles D Belgrave), Petroleum Concessions Limited (John Skliros, Stephen H Longrigg, Frank Holmes, Ernest V Packer) and the Bahrain Petroleum Company (Hamilton R Ballantyne, Edward A Skinner) regarding negotiations for a concession in the unalloted area of Bahrain which would include Bahrain's territorial islands and the Hawar Group of Islands.The correspondence centres on the Shaikh of Bahrain’s decision to postpone negotiations for one year until May 1938 in order to concentrate on the resolution of his ownership claim to Zubarah [Az Zubārah] which was being contested by the Shaikh of Qatar (Shaikh ‘Abdullāh bin Jāsim Āl Thānī). Later correspondence relates to the Shaikh’s decision to split the unalloted area into two concessions with the Bahrain Petroleum Company (BAPCO) being granted the remaining area on the main island and some territorial waters including Sitrah Island; and Petroleum Concessions Limited (PCL) being granted the Hawar Group of Islands and a number of other territorial islands and waters along with an allocated site at Muharraq for use in constructing a refinery and storage areas.Also included is continued discussion around the question of ownership of the Hawar Islands and Fasht Dibal [Fasht ad Dībal]. The India Office concluded that their evidence supported the Shaikh of Bahrain’s claim to the islands and that therefore responsibility for disputing the claim lay with any other potential claimants. The question under discussion however was whether to make the Shaikh of Qatar, as the other potential claimant, aware of their conclusions.Other matters discussed in the volume include:the question of oil rights to Zubarah, which had been granted under the Qatar Oil Concession, and the assurance given by the Shaikh of Bahrain to His Majesty’s Government that should his claim of ownership to Zubarah be recognised it would not affect the Qatar Oil Company’s work in that area;notes on a meeting at the India Office with Hamilton R Ballantyne, a representative of the Standard Oil Company of California who were interested in oil concessions on the Trucial Coast as well as the unalloted area of Bahrain.discussion regarding Major Frank Holmes’ actions during his work for PCL in 1936/1937 on the Trucial Coast and the Political Resident’s wish to prevent him from travelling to Bahrain or the Trucial Coast in order to prevent further potential confusion and intrigue. Also reported on is a conversation between the Political Agent at Kuwait and Major Holmes at which Holmes' vision for oil concessions to drill under the pearl banks between Bahrain and Qatar is revealed.A series of file notes which were maintained as a record of the correspondence in the volume can be found at folios 193-200.The correspondence with the Shaikh of Bahrain and various draft concession documents are in English and Arabic.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the back cover with 205; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 6-192; these numbers are written in pencil and red crayon, are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
48. 'CONFIDENTIAL 86/31 VOL. B.64 OIL IN ITS RELATION TO THE MIDDLE EAST'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume comprises correspondence and discussions regarding the economic and political situation in relation to oil in the Middle East during and immediately after the Second World War. At the centre of the discussions are talks which took place in Washington DC between US and UK government officials looking at the global importance of oil, which focused particularly on oil in the Middle East.The talks concluded with the production of a memorandum of understanding which was published 8 August 1944 as the Agreement on Petroleum between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, otherwise known as the Anglo-American Oil Agreement (1945).Also included in the volume is correspondence between the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Charles Geoffrey Prior), the Secretary to the Government of India, External Affairs Department (Olaf Kirkpatrick Caroe), the India Office, and His Majesty’s Minister at Jeddah (Stanley Jordan) regarding two proposed pipelines. The first being the ‘trans-arabian pipeline’ which it was proposed would link the Middle East to the Mediterranean. The proposal was initially postponed owing to heavy criticism of it in the United States press but was later taken up by the Arabian American Oil Company (ARAMCO). The second proposal from the Bahrain Petroleum Company (BAPCO) and the California Arabian Standard Oil Company (CASOC, later renamed ARAMCO) was for a pipeline to take crude oil from Dhahran [Aẓ-Ẓahrān], Saudi Arabia to the BAPCO refinery at Bahrain.Also included is correspondence between the Chief Local Representative for BAPCO (Milton H Lipp, Ward P Anderson) and the Adviser to the Government of Bahrain (Charles Dalrymple Belgrave) regarding possible sites for the pipeline and the reservation of required land. Further discussion centred on the question of the eastern frontier of Saudi Arabia, which was in dispute, and whether His Majesty’s Government should look to tackle the matter at that time with the Saudi Arab Government or wait until the progress of the oil companies required its resolution. Jabal Naksh and Khor-al-Odaid [Khawr al ‘Udayd], which were claimed by Qatar and Abu Dhabi respectively, and whose claims were supported by His Majesty’s Government but contested by Saudi Arabia were discussed as being key areas in the frontier dispute.Another matter discussed in the volume was a visit paid by the Mission of the Petroleum Reserves Corporation to the Middle East. The Mission’s purpose was to review resources of petroleum in the Middle East and its itinerary included visits to Kuwait, Dhahran, and Bahrain. The mission was headed by Everette Lee Degoyler and also included the eminent geologists and petroleum experts Dr George Martin Lees, William Embry Wrather, and John Herhold Murrell.Other matters touched on in the volume include a request by ARAMCO to undertake a hydrographic survey of the coast line of the Kuwait Neutral Zone; the possibility of resuming oil field production in Qatar and Kuwait provided the necessary equipment could be obtained from the USA; articles published in American journals and newspapers regarding the global oil situation and oil in the Middle East; and a visit paid by Major Frank Holmes to Kuwait in 1944.Also included in the volume are a number of notes and memorandums relating to oil in the Middle East:notes produced at an oil conference in Cairo in 1944 which described oil production in Bahrain and Kuwait, they contained a number of inaccuracies and were re-written by the Political Agents for Bahrain and Kuwait with assistance from the Chief Local Representatives of the Bahrain Petroleum Company and the Kuwait Oil Company;The future of oil in its relation to the Middle East; memorandum produced by Arthur Charles Hearn, Admiralty, 11 October 1940 (ff 9-21);Note on present oil position in Persian Gulfby Commodore John Montagu Howson, Senior Naval Officer, Persian Gulf (ff 103-104 );Memorandum on the oil concessions in the Arab Sheikhdoms of the Persian Gulf,by the External Department, India Office, 13 Mar 1944 (ff 126-134);A survey of the oil resources in the Middle East(With map and graph), Research Department, Foreign Office, 28 Feb 1945 (ff 239-250);Iraq Oil(ff 257-267).A series of file notes which were maintained as a record of the correspondence in the volume can be found at folios 272-283.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 287; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 7-270; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.