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37. Coll 28/91 ‘Persia. Iran-Baluchistan Frontier; Violation of the frontier by British levies and Iranians’
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence, papers and maps relating to territorial infringements by British and Persian subjects (levies, troops, customs officials) across the border dividing Persia [Iran] and British Baluchistan (part of present-day Pakistan). Correspondence is chiefly exchanged between the British Legation in Tehran, the Foreign Office in London, and the External Affairs Department of the Government of India. The correspondence includes efforts to ascertain the facts and circumstances of reported incidents, and the ensuing diplomatic correspondence with the Persian Government’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Incidents covered include: in September 1930, the arrival in Dizzak [Dīzūk], Persian Baluchistan, of British levies in pursuit of camel thieves; in November 1935, the presence of British troops near Kuhak [Nūk Jow], Persia, the Persian Government’s dispatch of 400 troops to the region, the British Government’s insistence that the area occupied by its troops at Gorich Kalag [Gorich Categ] lay in British territory, and assertions that troops were dispatched in response to reports that a Persian occupation of the area was anticipated; in November 1937, the raid of a shop in Pilani Sunt (referred to locally as Kastag [Kastak]) by Iranian customs officials, regarded by British officials as an incursion into British territory.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 274; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
38. The Enclosures to Secret Letter No. 3
- Description:
- Abstract: The enclosures cover the following: the instructions of the Political Agent in Sindh Lieutenant Colonel Henry Pottinger to the officers of the Indian Navy surveying the Indus River; the chart of the Indus prepared by Lieutenant Thomas Carless of the Indian Navy, and his observations on the difficulties of navigating the river extensively; a report by Lieutenant Carless on the mouths of the River, with his remarks on the Indus River Delta; the journal of Munshi Mohan Lal Kashmiri on his journey from Mithankot to Shikarpur, with the remarks of the Political Agent in Ludhiana Captain Claude Martine Wade on the dangers posed by the Mazari Tribe; the arrival of a qasid from Kabul for Abd al-Ghiyas Khan Barakzai in Ludhiana, also carrying letters for the Governor General of India (George Eden, Earl of Auckland) and the Political Agent Captain Wade, declaring Amir Dust Muhammad Khan Barakzai’s desire for closer ties to Britain; a letter from Nawwab Jabbar Khan Barakza'i to the Governor General, and two dispatches from Charles Masson on the arrival of the Russian Ambassador Jan Prosper Witkiewicz in Bukhara; the kharitas dispatched by the Governor General to Dust Muhammad Khan and Nawwab Jabbar Khan; a letter and present from Mir Nur Muhammad Khan Talpur of Hyderabad to the Political Agent in Sindh; a note from Maharaja Ranjit Singh of Punjab to Lala Kishan Chand about the Indus navigation scheme, and the Political Agent’s request for instructions on the Maharaja’s application for firearms; the instructions of the Governor General to Captain Wade on the Maharaja’s application; the memoranda on the navigation of the Indus by the Deputy Secretary to the Government [of India] in the Political Department Charles Edward Trevelyan, with particular reference to Afghanistan and Sindh, and an appendix on the proclamation announcing the reopening of Indus navigation; a minute from the Governor General to the Board on papers regarding the Indus and adjacent countries; the appointment of the Assistant Political Resident in Kutch, Captain Alexander Burnes, to conduct a mission to the countries bordering the Indus to complete the reopening of Indus navigation; the deputation of Colonel Pottinger and Captain Burnes to Hyderabad to reopen the Indus navigation; the private letters from the British Ambassador to Persia Henry Ellis to the Governor General on whether commissioned and non-commissioned British officers should continue to serve in Persia, and whether it would be advisable to take substantive measures towards the unification of Afghanistan, and endeavour to strengthen that country through the provision of military assistance, with the opinions of Thomas Robertson, Governor General Auckland, and the Commander-in-Chief in India Sir Henry Fane.Physical description: 187 folios
39. The Enclosures to Secret Letter No. 4 (Not included in the Volume)
- Description:
- Abstract: The enclosures (not included in the volume) cover the following: demand by Maharaja Ranjit Singh for tribute from the Amirs of Hyderabad, Mirpur and Khairpur in Sindh; the confirmation of the capture, by the troops of Ranjit Singh, of Mir Bahram Khan Mazari’s capital Rojhan; the three kharitas from Ranjit Singh to his Wakil in Ludhiana for the appointment of a medical officer; the instructions of the Governor General (George Eden, Earl of Auckland) to Lieutenant Colonel Henry Pottinger and Captain Claude Martine Wade in Sindh and Ludhiana in connection with the departure of Ranjit Singh’s army for Shikarpur and Sindh; the transmission of the correspondence to the Lieutenant Governor of the North-Western Provinces Sir Charles Metcalfe, and the Governor General’s expectation of possible assistance from Metcalfe; the deputation of Captain Alexander Burnes on a mission to Kabul, with instructions and necessary arrangements; the British Government position on Maharaja Ranjit Singh’s designs on Shikarpur and Sindh; the postponement of the date for the embarkation of His Majesty’s 20th Regiment for England; the pursuit of Mir Bahram Khan by the army of Ranjit Singh, the army’s detour to Badhani on the right bank of the Indus, and the destruction of the fortress of Ken [Kin] on its return despite its being held by Sindhi troops; the transfer of the duties of Captain Wade to the Political Agent at Umballa [Ambala] in his absence; the decision of Colonel Pottinger to proceed to Hyderabad following a message from Nur Muhammad Khan; a request from Captain Burnes for permission to travel to Bombay in preparation for his mission, and explaining the circumstances regarding the delivery of presents, forwarding the latest intelligence from Kabul, proposing the employment of Charles Masson in government service, and submitting an application for the appointment of a medical gentleman to accompany the mission; a request from the Political Agent at Ludhiana for instructions to negotiate with Ranjit Singh; the successful conclusion of negotiations with Ranjit Singh and the departure of the 20th Regiment; the permission of Ranjit Singh for the passage of Captain Burnes and his mission via the Indus to Attock; the abandonment of offensive operations by the army of Ranjit Singh against the Amirates of Sindh; the course of action proposed by Governor Metcalfe if Ranjit Singh does not abandon the invasion of Sindh; a request from the Ottoman Wali of Baghdad Ali Riza Pasha al-Laz for the dispatch of military stores; the instructions of the British Government in India to the Envoy in Persia Henry Ellis on the proposed campaign by Muhammad Shah Qajar of Persia against the Amirate of Herat, the results of the negotiations with Maharaja Ranjit Singh regarding his campaign against Sindh, and the appointment of Captain Burnes on a mission to Kabul and Qandahar in Afghanistan.Physical description: 11 folios
40. The Enclosures to Secret Letter No. 9
- Description:
- Abstract: The assurances of the Maharaja of the Punjab Ranjit Singh that his forces would not invade Sindh without prior coordination between the governments, and his acceptance of British mediation in disputes with the Amirs of Sindh if pursued as discretely as possible, following discussions with the Political Agent in Ludhiana Captain Claude Martin Wade; the Political Agent in Sindh Colonel Henry Pottinger's messages to the Amir of Hyderabad Mir Nur Muhammad Khan Talpur clarifying the conditions of the withdrawal agreement with Ranjit Singh; the Maharaja's reluctance to grant an audience to, or dismiss the agents of the Amirs of Sindh; the Governor General George Eden, Lord Auckland’s empowerment of Captain Wade to discourage the exchange of letters and presents between Ranjit Singh and European leaders as far as possible; the account provided by Charles Masson of Amir Dust Muhammad Khan Barakza‘i's decision to confront the army of the Punjab following the capture of Jamrud by Sardar Hari Singh Nalwa; the instructions of William Hay Macnaghten to Assistant Political Resident at Kutch Captain Alexander Burnes, including on the preservation of peace in the countries between India and Persia, conveyance of information on the political and economic conditions of those countries, the recent relations of those countries with Persia and the agents involved in conducting those relations, and the possible effects of a Persian expedition against the Amirate of Herat on those countries; an interview between the Afghan Ambassador Haji Husayn ‘Ali Khan Javanshir and Macnaghten, and the latter's subsequent recommendation that Haji Husayn ‘Ali Khan should not be received in audience by the Governor General, and should instead be compelled to leave Calcutta; the detailed account provided by Dr Wood of the Battle of Jamrud and the death of Hari Singh; the political relations of Amir Dust Muhammad Khan with the Ghilza‘i, Talpur, Safi and Mohmand, and the expedition of the King of Persia Muhammad Shah Qajar against the Amirate of Herat; the meetings of the envoys from the Amirs of Sindh with Diwan Sawan Mal Chopra and Kanvar Kharak Singh; the demand of Shah Shuja’ al-Mulk Saduza‘i from the Amirs of Sindh to surrender Shikarpur; the departure of Sardar Pir Muhammad Khan Barakza‘i with 700 horsemen for Peshawar; the instructions of Captain Wade to Mr Masson to dispatch two decent 'emissaries' to the Amirates of Herat and Bukhara to obtain authentic intelligence about their political conditions; the deputation of Lieutenant Frederick Mackeson to join Captain Burnes on his mission to Kabul; permission for the naturalist Dr Hugh Falconer to accompany Lieutenant Mackeson to Kashmir; an invitation from Amir Bahawal Khan ‘Abbasi III to Captain Burnes to visit him at Ahmadpur; the mode for the conveyance of presents to Ranjit Singh on the occasion of his grandson’s wedding; the payment for a consignment of arms imported by General Jean-François Allard into the Punjab; the departure of a number of French officers from France with the intention of serving Ranjit Singh; the application of French officer Captain Auguste Lafont to cross the border into Punjab; the career of the French drill instructor Captain Benoit de Argoud in France, Egypt and the Punjab; the meetings held between Captain Burnes, the Amirs Mir Rustam Khan Talpur, Mir Mubarak Khan Talpur, Mir Ali Murad Khan Talpur, and the Vizier Fath’ Muhammad Khan Ghuri at Khairpur; the current rumours about the robe of honour granted by Muhammad Shah Qajar to Shir Muhammad Khan Hazara, the departure of Kamran Shah Saduza‘i on an expedition against Qandahar, and that of Muhammad Sadiq Khan Barakza‘i to confront the forces of Kamran Shah at Girishk; a letter from Dust Muhammad Khan to Captain Burnes welcoming the latter's deputation to Kabul; the payment of debts incurred by Dr James Gerard on his return from Persia via Afghanistan; the appointment of a Punjabi official to accompany Captain Burnes and Lieutenant Mackeson to Attock; the advance of the Khalsa Army under General Allard and General Jean-Baptiste Ventura, and withdrawal of Sardar Muhammad Akbar Khan Barakza‘i and the Afghan Army to the Khyber Pass; the policy of Government to encourage a reconciliation between Ranjit Singh and Dust Muhammad Khan and thus prevent a possible alliance between Qajar Persia and Barakza‘i Afghanistan; the journey of Lieutenant Eldred Pottinger from Kutch State to Shikarpur, and Kalat through Darrah-yi Mulla, return to the Gundava Plains through the Bolan Pass, and progress towards Qandahar; the negotiations with the Amirs of Sindh for the establishment of a British Residency at Hyderabad; the commercial agreement between the Political Agent in Sindh and the government of Hyderabad; and the decision of Maharaja Ranjit Singh to conclude a peace settlement with Amir Dust Muhammad Khan Barakza‘i.Physical description: 343 folios
41. File 1377/1905 Pt 1-2 'Perso-Baluch Frontier'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence, notes, and memoranda concerning the demarcation of the border between Persia, British India (present-day Pakistan), and Afghanistan. The correspondence is mostly between the Government of India, the Foreign Office, and the India Office. Included as enclosures is further correspondence, often in the form of printed collections that relate to the matter at hand. This correspondence is between the Government of India and various British political and diplomatic offices in Persia, parts of British India, and the Persian Gulf. The papers include drafts and duplicates.The two parts of the volume each relate to two broad subjects, as follows:1. The demarcation of the frontier, particularly in the Seistan [Sīstān] region and around Mirjawar [Mīrjāveh];2. Annual meetings between British and Persian frontier officials to settle disputes and maintain order.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 209; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-208; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence.
42. File 1377/1905 Pt 3-4 'Perso-Baluch Frontier'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence, notes, and memoranda concerning the border between Persia and British India that cuts through Baluchistan. The correspondence is mostly between the Government of India, the Foreign Office, and the India Office. Included as enclosures is further correspondence, often in the form of printed collections that relate to the matter at hand. This correspondence is between the Government of India and various British political, diplomatic, and military offices in Persia and British India. The papers include drafts and duplicates.The two parts of the volume each relate to two subjects, as follows:3. Disputes over the boundary around Piran and Kacha;4. The maintenance of garrisons at Kacha and Robat.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 267; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional mixed foliation sequence is also present intermittently between ff 172-261; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out. The foliation sequence does not include the front cover and one leading flyleaf.
43. File 2869/1906 Pt 1 'Arms Traffic: Mekran Coast and Baluchistan. (correspondence 1906-7)'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains letters and other papers, mainly by British Consular officers, reporting on the arms traffic along the Mekran coast and Baluchistan. Their correspondence contains numerous reports, such as that discussing the illicit traffic of arms. Correspondents include Sir Harold Arthur Deane, Chief Commissioner of the North West Frontier Province; Major Frank Cooke Webb Ware and Captain McConaghey.The volume includes a number of maps including 'Plan to illustrate the routes available for the arms trade through the Persian Mekran coast' (folio 164).Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, year the subject file was opened, subject heading, and list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 280; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.
44. File 2869/1906 Pt 2 'Arms traffic: Mekran Coast and Baluchistan. Correspondence (1908-9)'
- Description:
- Abstract: The correspondence discusses the arms traffic on the Mekran coast and Baluchistan.The volume includes reports on the importation of arms from Muscat and measures taken by the British to curtail the trade. The reports were authored by the Senior Naval Officer, Persian Gulf.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 271; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional mixed foliation/pagination sequence is also present in parallel between ff 69-80 and between ff 221-238; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the two leading and ending flyleaves.
45. File 348/1913 Pt 2 'Persia: Kerman affairs'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume comprises correspondence between: the India Office, the Foreign Office, the Foreign Secretary to the Government of India, the British Consul for Kerman, the British Minister at Tehran, and the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, regarding affairs in Kerman.The subjects are:the movements of Baluchi raiders in the Province;the operations of the Swedish gendarmerie against Baluchi;the departure of the new Governor General from Tehran;Misbah-i-Divan, created Governor of Baluchistan, on a mission to pacify Persian Baluchistan;finances.There are copies of letters in French, from Major G Glimstedt, Commanding the IV Regiment of the Gendarmerie Gouvernementale at Kerman.The volume comprises part 2 of two. Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, year the subject file was opened, subject heading, and list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 140; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
46. File 2358/1912 Pt 1-2 'Persia: Seistan Affairs'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence and reports relating to the imprisonment of Heshmat-ul-Mulk, deputy governor of Seistan and Kain, in Persia. In particular, the file relates to damages incurred during raids by Baluchi armed men on British interests in and around Birjand for which the British government held the governor of the province responsible. The bulk of the file consists of exchanges between Sir Walter Beaupre Townley, the British special envoy to the Court of Persia, and Major Francis Beville Prideaux, the British Consul for Sistan and Kain.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 239; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
47. File 1323/1916 Pt 1-2 ‘Perso-Baluchistan Frontier’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume comprises two parts. Part 1 concerns social unrest and British administration around the frontiers between British Baluchistan [Pakistan], Persia [Iran], and Afghanistan. Part 2 concerns the sale of the Mirjawa [Mīrjāveh] to Kwash [Khāsh] telegraph line by the British authorities to their Persian counterparts.Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 471; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
48. File 1484/1916 ‘Persia; Quetta-Nushki Railway Extension’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence, reports, memoranda and minute papers, relating to military and commercial assessments of an extension to the railway from Quetta to Nushki, British Baluchistan [present-day Pakistan], and from Nushki to Seistan [Sīstān], Persia [Iran]. The volume includes: a letter from Hugh Shakespear Barnes, Chairman of the Imperial Bank of Persia and a former government administrator in India, dated 29 January 1916 and enclosing an extract of a letter from the Political Agent at Chagai, Frank Cooke Webb Ware, on the prospects of a railway line from Nushki to the Persian frontier (ff 250-256); a memorandum on the improvement of communications between Baluchistan and the Persian frontier, prepared by Webb Ware, dated 19 February 1916 (ff 184-189); a memorandum on the Quetta to Nushki railway extension, prepared by Webb Ware, dated 6 February 1917 (ff 154-161); the Government of India’s recommendations on the route of the extension, based on their objection to it passing too close to the Afghan frontier (f 116); a note on the Nushki extension railway, prepared by the Political Agent at Chagai, Major William Gorden Hutchinson, dated September 1918, with details of the distances between stations, and watering and grazing facilities along the route (ff 70-80); copies of a note entitled ‘Trade Routes to Khurasan’ [Khorasan], prepared by Lieutenant B Temple, Vice-Consul at Meshed [Mashhad] and dated 14 June 1919 (ff 12-15, ff 41-57).The volume’s principal correspondents are: the Foreign and Political Department of the Government of India; the Agent to the Governor-General and Chief Commissioner in Baluchistan, Sir John Ramsay; and the Political Agent at Chagai.The volume includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 258; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.