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1. ‘Translation of a Firmaum from His Royal Highness the Prince of Shirauz to the Officer commanding the Expedition in the Persian Gulf. Dated Nuber ul Arul 9th 1235’
- Description:
- Abstract: Translation of a firmaum [firman, order] from the Prince of Shirauz [Shiraz] to Major-General Sir William Grant Keir, the officer commanding the British expedition in the Persian Gulf, dated 9 Rabī‘ I 1235 [26 December 1819]. The firmaum forbids any offensive action against any ports along the Persian coast, particularly Linga [Lingeh]. The firman also warns against any British interference at Bharein [Bahrain], on account of the Persian plan to take possession of the island.The letter was enclosed in Keir’s letter to HM Chargé d’Affaires to Persia [Iran], Henry Willock, of 10 February 1820 (see IOR/L/PS/9/68/257).Physical description: 1 item (4 folios)
2. ‘Substance of a letter from Major General Wm Grant Keir to His Highness the Imaum of Muscat’
- Description:
- Abstract: The substance of a letter from Major-General Sir William Grant Keir, aboard HMS Liverpool, to the Imaum [Imam] of Muscat (Sayyid Sa‘īd bin Sulṭān Āl Bū Sa‘īd) of 10 February 1820. The letter is in reply to the Imaum’s letter of 10 Rabī‘ II 1235 [27 January 1820], and affirms the Imaum’s having opened his ports to the Arabs for the purposes of trade (see IOR/L/PS/9/68/258). Keir also relates the British offer to the Persian Government of mediation between Persia [Iran] and Bharein [Bahrain] regarding Persian claims to the sovereignty of Bharein.The letter was enclosed in Keir’s letter to HM Chargé d’Affaires to Persia, Henry Willock, of 10 February 1820 (see IOR/L/PS/9/68/257).Physical description: 1 item (4 folios)
3. 'Affairs of the Persian Gulf. Vol: 3.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The item consists of copies and extracts of correspondence, minutes and resolutions cited in, or enclosed with, extracts of the Government of Bombay Political Consultations. It is the third in a series of four items on general affairs in the Persian Gulf (the others are: IOR/F/4/1398/55440, IOR/F/4/1398/55441 and IOR/F/4/1399/55442A).The item is chiefly concerned with general updates of events in the Gulf over the period 1829-32. In particular, the item relates to:Reported acts of 'piracy'Disputes and general relations between chieftains of the tribes in the GulfThe resurgence of the Wahabee [Wahabi] tribe led by Toorky ben Saood [Turki I bin Abdullāh Āl Sa‘ūd] and details of their relations with other tribesThe erection of a fort at Dareen [Dārīn] by Busheer, son of Rahmah ben Jabir [Shaikh Raḥmah bin Jābir Āl Jalāhimah], and its subsequent destructionDiscussions about the legality of attempts by Rashid ben Humed [Shaikh Rashid I bin Ḥumaid al-Nu‘aymī], Chief of Eyman [Ajman], to kill his declared enemy on neutral territoryEvents at Bushire [Būshehr], including: rumours surrounding the visit and intentions of the Prince of Fars (also referred to as the Prince of Sheerauz [Shiraz]); disturbances following the death of Shaik Abdool Russool [Shaikh ‘Abd al-Rasūl Khān Āl Mazkūr], the Governor of Bushire; the arrival of David Anderson Blane, the new Resident in the Persian Gulf; and proposed changes to the system of pilotage.The item also includes an extensive report by Samuel Hennell, Assistant Resident in the Persian Gulf, on political transactions in the Gulf between 1817 and 1832 (ff 130-225). This report includes details of: an expedition by Major General Sir William Grant Keir; British involvement in the disputes between chieftains; incidences of 'piracy'; the activities of Rahmah ben Jabir; and descriptions of the Beniyas [Bani Yas], Uttoobee [‘Utūb] and Wahabee tribes.The principal correspondents are: the Government of Bombay; Major David Wilson, Resident in the Persian Gulf; the Imaum [Imam] of Muscat; Robert Money, Acting Persian Secretary; Samuel Hennell, Assistant [and Acting] Resident in the Persian Gulf; and Charles Malcolm, Superintendent of Marine, Bombay.Most of the material within the item dates from 1829-32, however one enclosure includes copies of correspondence from 1810 and 1814. This correspondence relates to research into previous relations between the Government of Bombay and the Wahabees.The title page of the item contains the following references: 'Bombay Political Department P.C. [Previous Communication] 1230, Draft 183, 1834' and 'Examiner's Office'.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 4, and terminates at f 228, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
4. ‘Affairs of the Persian Gulf, Vol: 1.’
- Description:
- Abstract: The item consists of copies and extracts of correspondence, minutes and resolutions cited in, or enclosed with, letters from the East India Company Court of Directors and the Government of Bombay. It is the first in a series of four items on general affairs in the Persian Gulf (the others are: IOR/F/4/1398/55441, IOR/F/4/1399/55442 and IOR/F/4/1399/55442A).The item is chiefly concerned with general updates of events in the Persian Gulf over the period 1827-32. In particular, the item relates to:War between the Imaum [Imam] of Muscat and the Chief of Bharein [Bahrain], and the attempts by Major David Wilson, Resident in the Persian Gulf, to mediate for peace without inserting himself too much into the conflict and concerns that the conflict will allow for the rise of ‘piratical acts’ once moreThe plunder of two boats from Morbut [Mirbāţ] by vessels belonging to the Chief of Bharein’s fleet and the Resident’s subsequent pursuit of restitution from the ChiefA rebellion by relatives of the Imaum during his absence from Muscat in December 1829, and the Resident’s concern about allowing such a close ally to become too weakDiscussions between the Court of Directors and the Government of Bombay regarding their attempts to persuade the Imaum to abolish all branches of the slave trade in the regionUpdates by David Anderson Blane, Wilson’s successor, on the unstable atmosphere in Bushire [Būshehr] following the death of Shaik Abdool Russool Khan [Shaikh ‘Abd al-Rasūl Khān]General updates regarding: conflicts between numerous Chiefs in the Persian Gulf; minor instances of ‘piratical acts’; status of trade; visits made; and the status of the Wahabee [Wahabi] tribe.The item includes Wilson’s report (ff 175-182) on the status of treaties with the Imaum, Persia [Iran] and Arabian states regarding the slave trade. His report provides details of the trade at numerous ports in the Persian Gulf, including: number of enslaved people imported; duty paid; number smuggled in; where they come from; gender ratio; prices; who brings them; and mortality rate during voyages.The principal correspondents of the item are the Court of Directors, the Government of Bombay and Wilson. Other correspondents include amongst others: Syud Syed [Sayyid Sa‘īd bin Sulṭān Āl Bū Sa‘īd, Imam of Muscat]; Shaik Abdoolah bin Ahmed [Shaikh ‘Abdullāh bin Aḥmad Āl Khalīfah, Shaikh of Bahrein]; Stafford Bettesworth Haines, Commanding Company ship Benares; and numerous Native Agents at Muscat, Bahrein and Linga [Bandar-e-Lengeh].The title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Bombay Political Department, P.C. [Previous Communication] 1230, Draft 183, 1834' and 'Examiner's Office'.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 95, and terminates at f 323, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
5. Book 111: Letters Inward 1839
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume consists of a few letters addressed to Samuel Hennell, the British Resident in the Persian Gulf. The main authors being Justin Sheil, HM Minister Plenipotentiary and Envoy Extraordinary to the Court of Persia, based at Erzeroom; George Barnes Brucks, Commander of the Indian Naval Squadron in the Persian Gulf; Thomas Edmunds, Assistant Resident in the Persian Gulf; and Robert Taylor, Political Agent in Turkish Arabia, Baghdad.The correspondence concerns the consolidation of the conquest of Nejd [Najd] by Khorshid Pasha [Khūrshid Pāshā], and British efforts to prevent him from extending Egyptian influence — through submission or conquest — to Baghdad, Bussora [Basra], Bharein [Bahrain], and Oman. It also concerns the diplomatic rupture between the British Residency and the Persian authorities at Bushire, which results in the withdrawal of the Residency on 29 March 1839 to the island of Karrack [Khārk, Jazīreh-ye].Included within is a report from Thomas Edmunds on his visit to Bharein (to attempt to settle the dispute between Shaikh Abdollah bin Ahmed [‘Abdullāh bin Aḥmad Āl Khalīfah] and his former dependant Esa bin Tareef [‘Isá bin Ṭarīf]), and another report from him on Sir Frederick Maitland's tour of the Arabian Coast. A number of reports from John Croft Hawkins (Commander of the Clive) to George Barnes Brucks are also enclosed; these concern the state of Bushire subsequent to the removal of the Residency, provisions for the Clive, and a report on his visit to Koweit [Kuwait].Physical description: Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover and terminates at the last folio; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.The volume contains the following foliation corrections; f 10, and f 10A.Pagination: An original pagination sequence written in ink is also present in the volume between ff. 2-61. There are a number of gaps in the pagination indicating that a degree of weeding may have been undertaken.
6. Enclosure in Letter from Henry Willock to the Secret Committee of 17 Apr 1820
- Description:
- Abstract: A translation of a letter from the Imaum [Imam] of Muscat [Sa’īd bin Sultān Āl Bū Sa’īd] to Major-General William Grant Keir, Commander of the 1819 expedition to the Persian Gulf, undated. The letter concerns the Imam’s peace negotiations with Syed Abdul Jaleel [‘Abd al-Jalīl bin Yāsīn al-Ṭabāṭabā’ī], Ambassador of the Atoobees [‘Utūb] of Bharein [Bahrain], and forwards a copy of the proposed peace terms [IOR/L/PS/9/69/20].The letter was enclosed in the letter of Henry Willock, HM Chargé d’Affaires in Persia [Iran], to the Secret Committee of the Court of Directors of the East India Company, dated 17 April 1820 [IOR/L/PS/9/69/14].Physical description: Condition: the letter was perforated in an attempt to stop the spread of disease.