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1. ‘Disputes between Sir Harford Jones and Mr Manesty – and insubordinate conduct of the latter.’
- Description:
- Abstract: The item consists mostly of copies of correspondence, minutes and resolutions cited in, or enclosed with, letters from the Governments of Bombay and Bengal.The primary subjects are:• The concerns of the governments of Bengal and Bombay about the behaviour of Samuel Manesty, Resident at Bussora [Basra, also occasionally referred to as Bussorah], in particular his apparent disregard of their authority, and his interference in the affairs of the Bagdad [Baghdad] Residency• An overview of Sir Harford Jones’s time as Resident at Bagdad, focussing on his disputes with Manesty, his relationships with Soliman Pasha [Sulayman bin Omar Gurgi; also known as Buyuk Sulayman Pasha], Pasha of Baghdad, and Ali Pasha [Ali bin Omar Gurgi], Pasha of Baghdad, and the events leading to his departure from Bagdad• Manesty’s belief that more assertive action should be taken to protect British interests in Bagdad and Bussora, and his plan to travel to Bagdad to meet Ali Pasha• Manesty’s intention to resign his position and return to Britain.Subjects also covered are:• The role of the Bussora Residency in the transmission of East India Company mail between Europe and India. It includes a ‘Register of Packets received from the Presidency for transmission to Europe’ (f 147 verso)• The futures of the Bagdad and Bussora residencies• The financial affairs of Manesty, and his request for an increase in his allowance• Manesty’s proposal that a new duty be imposed on goods imported into Bussora on British vessels, and the question of whether private British merchants should be allowed to operate in Bussora• Concerns about the growing French influence in Iraq and Persia• The case of John Raymond, a British military adviser posted to Bagdad, who has been accused of deserting.The primary correspondents are: Government of Bengal; Government of Bombay; Samuel Manesty, Resident at Bussora; Sir Harford Jones, Resident at Bagdad; John Hine, Acting Resident at Bagdad.The title page (f 5) of the item contains the following references: ‘Political No. 10, Season 1808/09, Draft 178, Para. 28’; and ‘Examiner’s Office, July 1808’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at 5, and terminates at 220, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains an original pagination sequence.
2. ‘Persian Gulf – Affairs of – Vol: 5’
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, consultations, resolutions, and minutes cited in, or enclosed with, political letters from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai]. The main correspondents are: the Government of Bombay; Captain Samuel Hennell, Resident in the Persian Gulf; William Bruce, Accountant General of the Government of Bombay; Captain Robert Oliver, Superintendent of the Indian Navy; Colonel Justin Sheil, Chargé d’Affaires in Tehran. It is the fifth in a series of seven items on affairs of the Persian Gulf (the others are IOR/F/4/2077/95829, IOR/F/4/2077/95830, IOR/F/4/2077/95831, IOR/F/4/2077/95832, IOR/F/4/2077/95834, and IOR/F/4/2077/95835).The item concerns:Possible solutions to the problem of vessels from Cutch [Kachchh] trading under British colours without the appropriate passesNew Persian [Iranian] regulations concerning bankruptcies, including where this affects British merchantsA complaint by Josiah Row Chowdry [Josiah Rao Chaudhari] against the British merchant brig Mary Alicethat he was owed wages by the ship’s masterPostal and financial arrangements of the Persian Gulf Political Residency, Bushire [Bushehr], and the Turkish Political Agency, Bagdad [Baghdad], including the use of bills of exchange and the exchange rates at both agenciesA report of ‘suspicious’ vessels off Ras Nabon [Ras Naband]Refusal of Shaik Mahomed bin Khuleefa [Shaikh Muḥammad bin Khalīfah Āl Khalīfah] to confirm an agreement with the sons of the Abdulla bin Ahmed [Shaikh 'Abdullāh bin Aḥmad Āl Khalīfah] about their position in Bahrein [Bahrain]Particulars of an affray between the citizens and the garrison of Bushire.The item includes a contents page and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Draft 78, P.C. [Previous Communication] 4624, [Season 18]45’, ‘Collection No 8 of No 76’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 342 and terminates at f 454, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains an original pagination sequence.
3. ‘Vol 37, 38, 40 Letters inward and outward’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains a mix of inward and outward letters, received and sent from the Residency. Most of the letters are outward letters, sent by Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Ephraim Gerrish Stannus, Resident in the Persian Gulf, to various representatives of the Government of Bombay.The letters in the volume fall into three main categories:Reports on events in the Gulf, primarily concerning the hostilities being waged and peace deals brokered between the various tribes. Intelligence on the activities of Rahma bin Jaber [Raḥmah bin Jābir] appear extensively throughout the volume;The financial administration of the Residency, including such matters as disbursements and bills of exchange, which are sent onwards to the Accountant General in Bombay;Letters confirming the receipt of despatches, or covering notes forwarded with onward despatches, often sent between Basra or Tehran and Bombay.Physical description: 1 volume in one slipcaseFoliation: The foliation system starts on the first page of content and runs to the last page of content, using circled pencil numbers in the top-right corner of each recto. The front cover, front fly-leaf, rear fly-leaf and inside back cover are unfoliated.There is an earlier, possibly original pagination system that runs inconsistently throughout the volume, located in either the top-right or top-left of recto and some verso pages. The inconsistency of this pagination sequence is likely a result of the volume being comprised of three original volumes (each with their own pagination sequences) being merged into one volume.
4. ‘Bussora Agency – Medical Officers – Ross Mr Assistant Surgeon’
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, consultations, and minutes cited in, or enclosed with, political letters from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai]. The correspondents are: the Government of Bombay; the Government of India; the Court of Directors of the East India Company.The item concerns allowing Assistant Surgeon John Ross to continue in his position as Civil Surgeon to the Political Agency in Turkish Arabia after attaining the rank of full surgeon.The item includes a contents page and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Draft 240, P.C. [Previous Communication] 3868, [Season 18]43’, ‘Collection No 4 of No 49’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 1044 and terminates at f 1052, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains an original pagination sequence.
5. 'Respecting the measures adopted to procure restitution of the property seized on hoard the Hector by the Sheik of Busheab in the Persian Gulph'
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of extracts from political letters received from the Government of Bombay by the Court of Directors, containing enclosures regarding the measures taken to secure the return of East India Company property that was seized from the country ship Hectorin the Persian Gulf by the Shaikh of Busheab [Shaikh of Nakhīlū].The enclosures, which discuss the Company's claim for restitution and negotiations for the return of the vessel, mainly consist of the following: letters received at Bombay from Samuel Manesty, Resident at Bussora [Basra]; letters from Lieutenant Charles Pasley of the Persian Mission to Neil Benjamin Edmonstone, Secretary to the Government in the Secret, Political and Foreign Departments, Fort William; correspondence between Manesty and Pasley.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 58, and terminates at f 87, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the file also contains an original pagination.
6. ‘Postponement of the Abolition of the Bussora Agency.’
- Description:
- Abstract: The item consists of extracts from a Government of Bombay Political Letter, extracts from the Government of Bombay Political Consultations, and copies of correspondence and minutes regarding the situation of the Bussora [Basra] Agency. The primary subjects are:• The question of reducing or abolishing the Bussora Agency, and the decision to delay doing this as a result of the war between Russia and the Ottoman Empire• The incomplete state of the Agency accounts, and requests from the Government of Bombay for an explanation for the large sums that have been disbursed.The correspondence also includes notifications from Major Robert Taylor, Political Agent at Bussora, and Barseigh Johanness [Khōjah Parseigh Johannes], Native Agent at Bussora, that Taylor has left Bussora for Baghdad, leaving Johanness in charge of the Bussora Agency.The primary correspondents are: William Newnham, Chief Secretary, Government of Bombay; and John Wedderburn, Civil Auditor, Government of Bombay.The item also contains a contents page (f 47) listing the collected documents and giving their page numbers within the item, and an ‘Audit on the Disbursements of the Political Agent at Bussora from 31st July 1826 to 30th April 1827’ (ff 54-57).The title page (f 46) of the item contains the following references: ‘P. C. 783’, ‘Draft 477’, ‘Collection No. 5’, and ‘Examiner’s Office, 1830’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 46, and terminates at f 60, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains an original pagination sequence.
7. 'Report (with Maps) on the country adjacent to the Khor Abdullah, and places suitable as Termini of proposed Bagdad Railway, by Captain E W S Mahon, RE July 1905'
- Description:
- Abstract: The report, printed for the use of the Foreign Office, was compiled by Captain Edward Willoughby Sandys Mahon, Royal Engineer on 24 July 1905 to identify places suitable as termini of the Baghdad Railway. He advises Bussorah [Basra] as the best place, for strategic and commercial reasons.The report contains two maps:'Sketch Map of the Mouth of the Shatt-El-Arab' (f 15);'Koweit Harbour' (f 16).Physical description: Foliation: The foliation for this description commences at f 13, and terminates at f 17, since it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in the bottom right-hand corner of the recto of each folio. These numbers are written in pencil, but are not circled. Pagination: This section of the volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
8. ‘Instructions for the guidance of Mr Manesty’s conduct in the event of hostilities between Great Britain and the Ottoman Porte.’
- Description:
- Abstract: The item consists mostly of copies of correspondence, minutes and resolutions cited in, or enclosed with, letters to and from the Governments of Bengal and Bombay.The primary subjects are:• The outbreak of war between Britain and the Ottoman Empire, and the implications for Britain’s relations with the Pashalik of Baghdad• The measures put in place for the protection of British subjects and property in Bussora [Basra] and Baghdad, in particular the stationing of British vessels in the Gulf and on the Bussora River [Shatt al-Arab], including the HMS Foxunder the command of Captain Archibald Cochrane• Manesty’s efforts to find a suitable place for an encampment outside of Bussora, and his meeting with the Chaub Sheik [Sheikh of the Bani Ka’ab]• Complaints that the Pacha of Baghdad is withholding mail sent from Britain that was to be forwarded to India.The primary correspondents are: Sir George Hilaro Barlow, the Governor-General of Bengal; Thomas Brown, Chief Secretary to the Government of Bengal; Neil Benjamin Edmonstone, Secretary to the Government of Bengal; Francis Warden, Secretary to the Government of Bombay; Samuel Manesty, Resident at Bussora; and John Hine, Acting Resident at Baghdad.The title page (f 264) of the item contains the following references: ‘Political No. 12, Season 1808/09, Draft 178, Para. 55’; and ‘Examiner’s Office, July & August 1808’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 264, and terminates at f 302, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains an original pagination sequence.
9. ‘Wybard Lieutenant Travels in Nedjd in Arabia’
- Description:
- Abstract: The item consists of copies and extracts of correspondence, minutes and resolutions cited in, or enclosed with, letters from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai].The item contains copies of research papers compiled by Lieutenant William Henry Wybard (also written 'J. W.' and 'Wyburd') during his exploration of the Province of Nedjd [Najd] between 1831 and 1833, the purpose of which was to find out more about the Wahabees [Wahabi] and their country. The research papers include:'Journal' (ff 61-69) which documents Wybard's journey from Bushire [Būshehr], via Bahrein [Bahrain] and Katiff [Al-Qatif], into Nedjd where he visited Ajeer [Al ‘Uqayr?] and the town of Elreasa (also written 'Elriasa' and ‘Elhasa’) [Al Hufūf]'Elreasa' (ff 70-71) which includes a description of the town, its defences and buildings'The Island of Bahrein' (ff 71-72) which contains a description of the island's: size; geography; city of Manama; town of Moharraq [Al Muharraq]; and the relationship between the Bahrein Sheikhs [Shaikhs] and the Imaum [Imam] of Muscat.After being pressed for more information which he had originally promised, Wybard provides copies of his researches on the history and current status of:'Kaab commonly called Chaub' (ff 78-86), the Chaub [Banū Ka‘ab] tribes'Bussora' (ff 86-88), the city of Bussora [Basra]'Bedowins of the Benee Laum' (ff 88-90), the 'Benee Laum or Lakhem' [Banu Lakhm] tribe'Bedouins of the Montifick' (ff 90-91), the Montifick [Muntafiq] tribe'Bedouins of the Shumer' (ff 91-92), the Shumer [Shammar] tribe.The item also mentions the advances provided for Wybard by the Government of Bombay and the discontinuation of his research due to ill health.The correspondents of the item are: Wybard; the Government of Bombay; David Anderson Blane, Resident in the Persian Gulf; J Crawford, Officiating Superintendent of the Indian Navy; and R Cogan, Assistant Superintendent of the Indian Navy. The item includes an extract from an unsigned letter at folio 59, which is most likely from the East India Company Court of Directors.The title page of the item contains the following references: 'Collection N. 1’, ‘Bombay Political Department’, ‘P.C. [Previous Communication] 1592, Draft 644, 1835' and 'Rec[eived] Duncan Gibb15th Aug[ust] 1834’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 54 and terminates at f 92, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
10. 'Mr Crow's reply to the strictures on his Conduct sent by Mr Manesty to the Secret Committee in 1796'
- Description:
- Abstract: This item contains copies of secret and political correspondence from the Government of Bombay on the subject of Samuel Manesty's criticism of Nathan Crow, consecutive British Residents at Bussora [Basra]. The letters from Bombay express the opinion that Crow's reply to Manesty's accusations clear him of the charges. They enclose a letter from Manesty, dated 22 October 1796, where he sets out his accusations against Crow. These include:• Crow’s misrepresentation of the state of the Factory when he took over the Residency• His actions against British interests• Lies about Manesty’s quarrels with the Ottoman government• Crow’s reliance on the Jewish population of Basra• Bribery of the Mutasallim [the Ottoman Governor of Basra]• The character of Crow's attendant Mehedy Ali Khaun [Mīrzā Mahdī ‘Alī Khān]• The terms of the reestablishment of the British Factory.There is also a copy of a letter from Crow replying to these accusations, which includes copies of letters from the Pasha to the Mutasallim, from the Kia [an Ottoman official] to the Mutasallim, from the Mutasallim to Crow, and a set of queries and answers from Crow to Augustus Le Messurier, a junior official.The title page of the item contains the following references: 'Political No. 6, Season 1808/1809, Draft 178, Para. 18'; and 'Examiner's Office, July 1808'.Physical description: The documents are arranged in approximate chronological order from the front of the item to the rear.
11. 'Outward Let[ters], Book No 42, 1st January 1826 to 31 July 1826'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains copies of letters sent out from the Residency, Bushire (with copies of enclosures where applicable). The correspondence is general, covering all aspects of the Residency's administrative functions.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation system in use commences at 1 on the second folio after the front cover, and continues through to 133 on the last folio before the back cover. The sequence appears written in pencil, enclosed in a circle, in the top right hand corner of the recto page of each folio. Foliation anomaly: folios 58, 58A. In addition there is an original pagination system, starting at 1 (folio 1r) and continuing through to 267 (folio 133r). The pagination sequence is written in ink (apart from the last number, which is in pencil) and appears in the top left hand corner of each page.
12. 'LETTERS FROM THE RESIDENT BUSSARAH 31. JAN. 1793 TO 21. JUNE 1803 VOL 8'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume chiefly comprises letters to the Secret Committee of the Court of Directors of the East India Company from the Resident and Factor at Bussora [Basra], Samuel Manesty. The letters are dated 31 January 1793-21 June 1803 and the date each letter was received is recorded on the back of it.From 31 January 1793 to 2 August 1794 (ff 1-38), many letters are also signed by Harford Jones, who acted as Assistant Resident and co-Factor up to 1794. Between 3 January and 25 September 1796 (ff 51-192) there are letters which overlap with Manesty’s, written by [George] Nathan Crowe and Peter LeMessurier [Le Mesurier], who were appointed to run the Bussora Residency and Factory following the suspension from office of Manesty by the Court of Directors on 1 January 1796. The suspension was in connection with Manesty’s dispute with the Ottoman authorities originating in 1791, which had led him to remove the Residency to Grain [Kuwait] in 1793. Manesty had actually re-established himself in Bussora by September 1795, before Crow and LeMessurier arrived from Bombay [Mumbai], and he was officially reinstated in July 1796. However, Crow and LeMessurier only transferred back control of the Residency when they received orders to return to Bombay in September 1796.Letters dated 31 January to 27 April 1793 are written from Maghil [Al Maqal] ‘near Bussora’. Manesty left the city at the end of April 1793 and from 18 July 1793 to 5 March 1795 he writes from Grain (ff 2-43). From 9 October 1795 (f 45), following Manesty’s return in the previous month, his letters are written from Maghil or Bussora.The enclosures Manesty refers to are mostly not included in the volume, although his letters regularly incorporate extracts of his communications to the President in Council, Political Department [Bombay] and the Governor-General in Council [Bengal]. Manesty occasionally writes to individual members of the Court of Directors, lobbying for an increase in his pay and allowances and lamenting his pecuniary difficulties and unsettled claims upon the Company (see ff 356-359, ff 478-482, and ff 524-525).The letters concern matters including:The re-establishment of the Bussora Residency, notably Manesty’s detailed account, dated 28 August 1796 (ff 80-184), of his negotiations between February and October 1795 with the Bacha [Pāshā] of Bagdat [Büyük Sulaymān Pāshā of Baghdad] for the restoration of the Factory and Residency at Bussora and re-establishment of relations. The negotiations were via their respective mediators, Coja Cawork Doud [Khawājah Kevork Dāwūd], the Company’s ‘broker and linguist’ (f 82) at the Bussora Residency, and the Mussaleem of Bussora [Mutasallim, Ottoman Governor of Basra]. The account details Manesty’s dispute with the Ottoman authorities, which developed following the murder in Bussora of a wealthy Jewish merchant in March 1791, the arrest of an Armenian subject, protracted sectarian clashes between Jews and Christians in Bussora, and the Ottoman authorities’ rebuttal of Manesty’s claims that Armenians came under British protectionManesty’s objections to Crow and LeMessurier, regarding control of the Bussora Residency and Factory in 1796The movement of, and events concerning, Company ships and private merchant vessels trading to, from and via Bussora, and the conveyance and landing of their cargoes, notably woollens imported to Bushire [Bushehr] and Bussora from BengalThe marine conveyance, via Bussora, of mail packets (official Despatches to and from to the Court of Directors in London and British government in India, and other mail), including: routes taken; delays; lost or missing items; and packets captured or stolenThe overland transmission of mail packets, via Aleppo, notably matters concerning: routes; security; couriers; and Manesty’s communications with the Company’s agents at Aleppo, including Louisa Abbott, who took on duties of the Agent (f 368) following the death of her husband Robert Abbott in 1799 until the appointment of John BarkerManesty’s management of the Residency and Factory, including: communications with the British embassy at Constantinople [Istanbul] and relations with Peter Tooke, Company Agent there; increasingly fractious relations with Harford Jones (appointed first Company Resident in Bagdat in September 1798) notably over the latter’s official status; and relations with the Ottoman authorities in Bussora and BagdatVarious events, and Manesty’s activities, within Ottoman territory and the seas between Bussora and India, in relation to the wars with France [French Revolutionary Wars 1792-1802], notably: the monitoring of French ships, and intelligence communications with British naval officers; surveillance of French emissaries such as Abbé Beauchamp [Pierre-Joseph de Beauchamp]; efforts to combat French influence in the Ottoman Empire and Persia [Iran], especially after the French invasion of Egypt in 1798 headed by General Buonaparte [Napoleon Bonaparte]; the activities of John Lewis Reinaud (former Assistant Resident at Bussora) to influence the Bacha of Bagdat against the French; Manesty’s highlighting of the potential threat to British dominance in India and recommendation that an English military force be despatched to protect British interests; the defeat of French forces by a British fleet at the Battle of the Nile, August 1798; the unsuccessful French siege of St Jean d’Acre 1799 [Akko or Acre]; the British fleet and army sent against the French in Egypt, March 1801; and the Convention for the Evacuation of Egypt and the Definitive Treaty of Peace between Britain and France [Treaty of Amiens, signed 25 March 1802]Affairs in the Persian Gulph [Gulf], notably trade relations with Muscat and efforts to avert the establishment of a French presence there, and Manesty’s proposals for stationing intelligence officers at Muscat and Bushire (f 373)Internal Turkish Arabia [Ottoman Iraq] affairs, including: political conflicts; relations with local tribes; and the Bagdat Bacha’s expeditions against the Whahabee Shaik [Wahhābī Shaikh] Abdul Aziz [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin Muḥammad Āl Sa‘ūd, Emir of Diriyah]Intelligence relating to the Company’s campaign in India against Tippoo Sultan [Tīpū Sulṭān, Ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore], including reports of Tippoo’s defeat in May 1799 (f 406)The spread of plague in Ottoman Turkey from 1800 and Manesty’s actions in July 1802 to secure the British establishment at Bussora and preserve communications and trade between India and Europe following the arrival of plague at Bagdat, including requisition of the Teignmouthas a floating Factory and removal of Bussora Factory staff to Maghil (ff 556-606)Harford Jones’s deteriorating relations with the Bacha of Bagdat in July 1801, and Manesty’s apparent efforts to restore the British reputation and the position of the Bagdat Residency (ff 498-516)The death of the Bacha of Bagdat (f 568) in 1802 and arrangements for his successor, Ali Bacha [‘Alī Pāshā]Manesty’s temporary embarkation of the Bussora establishment on the Furyin June 1803, following a rupture with the Ottoman authorities [he does not elaborate, however the incident arose over the apparent ‘violation’ of the ‘honour’ of an allegedly Egyptian Christian woman] (ff 606-607).Physical description: The foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 608; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.The sequence contains one foliation anomaly, f 16a.
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