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1. 'AGREEMENT relating to the Debai Oil Concession. HIS MAJESTY'S GOVERNMENT IN THE UNITED KINGDOM and PETROLEUM CONCESSIONS LIMITED DATED 5TH February, 1937.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file consists of a copy of an agreement between the British Government and Petroleum Concessions Limited relating to oil concessions in Debai [Dubai].Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 5; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located at the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
2. ‘Persian Gulf Relative to an affront offered at Debaye to the Crew of a boat from the Honorable Company’s Steam Frigate “Queen” and the piracy on Abdul Kurreem’s boat.-’
- Description:
- Abstract: The item consists of copies and extracts of correspondence and resolutions cited in, or enclosed with, extracts of a Political Letter from the Government of Bombay to the East India Company Court of Directors, 15 January 1856. A copy of this letter can be found at IOR/F/4/2641/169196, alongside details of further enclosures. The item is the fourth in a series of twelve items on events in the Persian Gulf.The item relates to complaints by Lieutenant Adams, Commanding the Company steam frigate Queen, regarding the treatment of his officer during visits to Debai [Dubai] and Aboothabee [Abu Dhabi, also rendered in text as Bhoothabee], with particular attention paid to the incident at Debai. The item also contains updates from Commodore Richard Ethersey, Commanding the Indian Naval Squadron in the Persian Gulf, regarding the action taken by Sheikh Zaeed ben Khuleefah [Shaikh Zayid bin Khalīfah Āl Nahyān], 'Chief' of Aboothabee, to make reparations for an attack by his subjects on a boat belonging to Abdul Kereem [‘Abd al-Karīm].Adams and Ethersey report to multiple individuals in charge of the Residency in the Persian Gulf during the period July-October 1855, who in turn send the letters to the Government of Bombay alongside their own comments.Correspondents include: Adams; Ethersey; Captain Arnold Burrowes Kemball, Resident in the Persian Gulf; Rear Admiral Sir Henry John Leeke, Commander in Chief of the Indian Navy; Lieutenant Herbert Frederick Disbrowe, Assistant Resident in Charge, Persian Gulf; and the Government of Bombay.The item contains multiple spellings for Debai and Sheikh Zaeed ben Khuleefah.The title page of the item contains the following references: 'Bombay Political Department', Draft Number '633 [18]56', 'Collection No. 1 of No. 1 of 1856.', 'Vol: 4', and 'Examiner's Office'. Originally, the Collection number was given as '4' but this has been crossed out and replaced with '1'.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 503, and terminates at f 524, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
3. 'Vol 166 1850 Muscat'
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence between the Resident in the Persian Gulf (Major, then Lieutenant-Colonel, Samuel Hennell), his native Agents at Muscat and Sharjah, and the Government of Bombay. The correspondence in the file reports on the hostilities taking place between the Governor of Muscat, Thuwaini bin Said, and the Chief of Suhar, Said Hamood bin Azan, and the Bombay and India Governments' responses to the crisis.Physical description: Foliation: The file is foliated from the front cover to the last page of correspondence, with a pencil number in the top-right corner of each recto. The inside back cover is unfoliated.Condition: Close-cropping of pages during a earlier binding/preservation, has resulted in some words at the edges of the page being truncated. There is also evidence of insect damage on some pages. Neither of these issues affect the legibility or understanding of items in the file.
4. 'CONFIDENTIAL 86/7-VI B.43. PETROLEUM CONCESSIONS LTD. TRUCIAL COAST'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence, primarily between Major Frank Holmes as negotiator for Petroleum Concessions Limited (PCL), John Skliros, Director of Petroleum Concessions Limited in London, the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf and the Political Agent at Bahrain regarding progress in negotiations with Shaikh Sultan bin Saqr [Sulṭān bin Saqr Āl Qasimī], Ruler of Sharjah for a concession in his territories. The correspondence discusses the amendments to the agreement which the Shaikh wished to make, various conditions he wished to place on the concession. and negotiations over the financial terms of a potential concession. A draft copy of the concession agreement can be found at folios 94-111.Also discussed is the signing of the Debai [Dubai] concession and PCL's acceptance of the signed copy; along with the written agreement given by Shaikh Sa’id bin Maktum al Maktum [Saʻīd bin Maktūm Āl Maktūm] to the Political Resident regarding a termination of contract undertaking.Further correspondence between the Political Agent at Bahrain, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf and Secretary of State for India considers methods of applying pressure on the Trucial Coast Shaikh’s to sign concessions with Petroleum Concessions Limited in order to prevent American interests from acquiring concessions in the area. A letter is issued by the Secretary of State for India, on behalf of the British Government, to be used if negotiations and initial pressure failed to secure the concessions. The letter made it clear that the British Government would not permit more than one Oil Company to operate on the Trucial Coast and that they had approved agreements with PCL and were not prepared to permit negotiations with other Companies. The intention was for the letter to be used as a last resort as there could be difficulties if either Petroleum Concessions Limited or the Trucial Coast Shaikh’s came to learn of its existence before it was required.Other matters of note within the volume include:circular issued by the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf to all Consuls and Political Agents with powers to grant visa’s requesting that no visa for the Trucial Coast be granted to Haji ‘Abdullah Williamson without prior discussion with the Political Resident. Also included is a note of a discussion which the Political Resident had with Mr Gordon, Assistant General Manager for the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company at Abadan, regarding Williamson’s activities on the Trucial Coast whilst being employed by Petroleum Concessions Limited;report on a conversation between the Political Agent at Bahrain and the Shaikh of Abu Dhabi (Shaikh Shakhbūt bin Sulṭān bin Zāyid Āl Nahyān) over statements made to the Shaikh about Major Frank Holmes and Petroleum Concessions Limited and their British status, which the Political Agent was able to correct; and concerns about rumours being spread on the Trucial Coast which could cause problems for both PCL and the British Government;draft copies in Arabic and English of the proposed Umm-al-Qaiwain [Umm al Qaywayn] concession agreement (ff 48-65), Ajman Concession agreement (ff 30-47), and Ras al Khaimah [Ra's al Khaymah] concession agreement (ff 112-129);Correspondence regarding a disturbance in Kalba [Kalbā] which had briefly prevented individuals visiting Ras al Khaimah;letter from the Sultan of Muscat and Oman (Sayyid Taymūr bin Fayṣal bin Turkī Āl Bū Sa‘īd) to the Political Agent at Muscat (Ralph Ponsonby Watts) regarding an encroachment by the Geologists for Petroleum Concessions Limited into his territory in the Buraimi [Al Buraymī] district; and observations by the Political Agent of the need to define the limits of the Sultan’s territory as soon as possible.Physical description: Foliation: The main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers arewritten in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 5-214; these numbers are also written in pencil, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence, but they are not circled. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
5. 'Confidential 86/7-v B.41 PETROLEUM CONCESSIONS LTD., TRUCIAL COAST'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence between the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Trenchard Craven Fowle, Percy Gordon Loch), the India Office (Maurice Clauson), the Foreign Office (John Cecil Sterndale Bennett), the Colonial Office (Owen Gwyn Revell Williams), representatives of Petroleum Concessions Limited (Frank Holmes, Stephen Hemsley Longrigg, John Skliros, Ernest Vincent Packer), the Political Agent at Bahrain (Percy Gordon Loch, Tom Hickinbotham), and the Residency Agent at Sharjah (Khan Sahib 'Abd al-Razzaq) regarding the conclusion of negotiations with Shaikh Sa’id bin Maktum Al Maktum [Saʻīd bin Maktūm Āl Maktūm], Ruler of Dubai for an oil concession for his territory and the signing of the concession agreement on 22 May 1937.Correspondence includes discussions around the conclusion of a Political Agreement (folios 192-193) and Refinery Agreement (folios 194-195) between the British Government and Petroleum Concessions Limited (PCL); the approval of drafts of an exchange of notes (folios 9-10) to be held with the Shaikh of Dubai once the agreements had been signed; and the final negotiations over the wording and clauses of the Commercial Agreement between the Shaikh of Dubai and Petroleum Concessions Limited.Also discussed are concerns by the representatives of the British Government about the movements of representatives of the California Arabian Standard Oil Company who were alleged to be attempting to persuade the Trucial Coast Shaikh’s to not sign concession agreements with PCL and to wait until the end of their option clauses to negotiate better terms with them; and attempts by the Shaikh’s of Sharjah (Sulṭān bin Saqr Āl Qasimī) and Ras al Khaimah [Ra's al Khaymah] (Shaikh Sulṭān bin Sālim Āl Qasimī) to convince the Shaikh of Dubai to join with them in undertaking such an action.Also discussed in the volume is the reluctance by the Shaikh’s of Sharjah, Ras al Khaimah and Ajman (Rāshid Bin Ḥumaid Al-Nu`aimī) to accept the security undertaking owing to the inclusion of an unlimited amount of compensation liability; the proposal by the British Government to amend the undertaking so that compensation requirements would be subject to Shara’ [Sharia] Law which the Shaikh’s of Sharjah, Ras al Khaimah and Ajman ultimately agreed to, and including formal acknowledgements in Arabic and English of this undertaking.Other items of interest within the volume include:a report from Thomas Fulton Williamson and David Glynn Jones, geologists for Petroleum Concessions Limited on their survey of Ras al Khaimah, Dubai, Sharjah, Abu Dhabi and their cursory investigations in Ajman; also included is correspondence regarding the area of Jibal Fayah in Sharjah which the geologists were prevented from entering by the ruling Bani Kitab [Beni Qitab] tribe;meeting between the Shaikh’s of Abu Dhabi and Dubai at which Ahmad bin Khalif bin ‘Utaibah [Shaikh Aḥmad bin khalīf bin ‘Utaybah] and Shaikh Ahmad bin Hilal [Shaikh Aḥmad bin Hilāl], Ruler of Dhawahir [ Z̧awāhir] had served as mediator’s in order to settle the question of where the boundary between Abu Dhabi and Dubai should be;correspondence with Shaikh Saqar bin Sultan Al Hamid [Shaikh Saqr bin Sulṭān Āl Ḥamīd], Chief of Braimi [Al Buraymī] regarding a rumour that the Residency Agent at Sharjah was intending to visit Braimi in order to negotiate an oil concession and response from the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf that they wished the Residency Agent to visit Braimi to establish personal contacts with local notables there;query from the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf regarding the need for PCL to appoint a Chief Local Representative; and noting that Ernest Vincent Packer had been appointed as General Manager and whether they intended this to be the same as a Chief Local Representative or not;a request by PCL to employ Robert Sutherland Cooke as a negotiator in the Middle East and whether Cooke’s past employment difficulties in Iraq might hinder this request;the appointment of Basil Henry le Riolet Lermitte as Assistant Manager for PCL in Bahrain;a request for Mrs (Dorothy) Holmes to visit Sharjah with her husband which was initially rejected by the Political Resident over fears of setting a precedent for oil Company and Superintendent’s wives in the future but was ultimately approved as 'Um Rashid' (mother of the Shaikh of Dubai?) wished her to visit;correspondence between Major Frank Holmes and the Political Agent at Bahrain regarding his intention to commence negotiations for concessions with Sharjah and Ras al Khaimah as soon as the Dubai concession was signed;correspondence regarding the Shaikh of Umm al Qaiwain’s [Umm al Qaywayn] interest in opening negotiations with Petroleum Concessions Limited; and the possibility of opening negotiations with the Shaikh of Kalba [Kalbā] as it was now a Trucial Shaikhdom;correspondence regarding the alleged intrigues of Haji ‘Abdullah Williamson who was believed to be involving himself in local politics in the Trucial Shaikhdom’s and working for the California Arabian Standard Oil Company, whilst visiting there as an interpreter for Petroleum Concessions Limited;table detailing the amount of money being paid to each Trucial Shaikh under their Anglo-Iranian Oil Company options, including how often the payments are being made and which AIOC agent was handling the payments. The table also includes notes on instances where existing or future payments differed from the norm (ff 184-185).Correspondence with the Trucial Shaikhs and copies of agreements are in both Arabic and Engliash; letters written by the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company have a Persian and English letterhead.A series of file notes which were maintained as a record of the correspondence in the volume can be found at folios 288-300.Physical description: The main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 5-287; these numbers are also written in pencil, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence, but they are not circled. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
6. ‘File B/10-3 CLAIM OF KAL AHMAD DRESSER AGAINST THE LATE HILAL BIN RAMAZAN OF DUBAI’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence relating to a renewed debt recovery claim in 1936 made by Ahmad Gharibi (also referred to as Kal Ahmed), a wound dresser employed in the Persian Gulf Residency Dispensary at Bushire. His claim is against the late Hilal bin Ramazan (also referred to as Hilal bin Ramadhan al Shumais) of Debai [Dubai] for non-payment of dates sold to him in 1932 or earlier. The correspondence is mainly between the Secretary to the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, the Political Agent, Bahrain and the Residency Agent, Sharjah who investigate and report on the progress of the claim. Included in the correspondence is a petition from the claimant Ahmad Gharibi to the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, and a letter in Arabic and English from the Residency Agent to Yusuf bin Nasir, the judicial receiver at Sharjah responsible for administering the estate of the deceased Hilal bin Ramzan. Letters between the Political Agent, Bahrain and the Residency Agent, Sharjah are also in Arabic and English.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 19; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-15; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
7. Vol 166: 1850 Squadron, Persian Gulf
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains letters relating to the Indian Naval Squadron of the Persian Gulf. The three main correspondents are the following: Lieutenant-Colonel Samuel Hennell, Resident in the Persian Gulf, Bushire; Commodore John Patterson Porter, Commander of the Indian Naval Squadron in the Persian Gulf; and Lieutenant James Tronson, Commander of the HC Brig Euphrates. Most of the correspondence is between Hennell and Porter; however, a small number of the letters received by Hennell and Porter respectively are written by Tronson. Two additional correspondents appear in a couple of the enclosed letters in this file: Lieutenant Frederick Erskine Manners and Captain Archibald MacDonald. The two main subjects of the letters in this file are the relations between the various chiefs of the Arab coast and the whereabouts of the pirate, Saheil ben Ateish. Many of the letters addressed to Hennell relay information obtained from the Native Agent at Sharjah, Mullah Husain.Physical description: This volume has an original pagination sequence and a foliation sequence:Pagination: The pagination sequence runs from 1 to 154. The sequence is complete, although not every page is numbered.Foliation: The foliation sequence is written in pencil, in the top right corner of the recto of each folio. It begins on the front cover of the file, on 1A, and runs through to the final page of the file, ending on number 47. It should be noted that 1A is followed by 1B and that folio number 9 is followed by 10A and 10B. This is the sequence used by this catalogue to reference items within the file.
8. ‘Trigonometrical Plan of the Back-water of Debai by Lieut.t R. Cogan under the direction of Lt. J.M. Guy, H.C.Marine. 1822. Drawn by M. Houghton’
- Description:
- Abstract: Distinctive Features:Depths shown by soundings.Hand drawn nautical chart of the shores of the Persian Gulf compiled from the survey carried out by the Bombay Marine’s officers in 1822 showing Debai [Dubai]. The town gates and ‘Sheeks house’ labelled with the location of date plantation and fresh water wells marked.Place names given both in English and Arabic.Includes notes on water levels and soundings with latitude and longitude of the ‘Western Tower’ reported.Oriented with west to the top.Physical description: Materials:Pen and ink with wash on paperDimensions:452 x 475 mm, on sheet 498 x 555 mm
9. Coll 30/117 'Persian Gulf. Bahrain Grievances of the Baharinah.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The papers in this file relate to the grievances of the Baharnah (the native population of Bahrain). The papers include: The petition of the Baharnah to the Ruler of Bahrain Shaikh Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa requesting the adoption of a Qanun(code of laws) in the courts, proportional representation in the Majalis al Tujjarahand Baladiyyahat Manama and Muharraq, and restoration of their rights on the Board of Education, 30 December 1934-21 April 1936; the reservations of the Secretary of State for India the 2nd Marquess of Zetland about providing constitutional advice to the Gulf principalities, 20-27 September 1935; the instructions from the Government of India on reforming the courts of Bahrain, proportional representation, education, and pasturage of the Ruler’s camels, 6 November 1935-22 February 1936; the growth of popular movements in Kuwait, Debai [Dubai], and Bahrain, 18 July-16 November 1938; the agitation against the Shi’a Shar’Court, Bahraini courts, and the educational system in Bahrain, a strike on the premises of the Bahrain Petroleum Company (BAPCO), and a demonstration in the bazaar at Manama, 31 October-24 November 1938; a request by Shaikh Hamad for the recruitment of two Egyptian or Sudanese magistrates to compile a civil and criminal ‘Bahrain Code’ from all previously issued a’lansand to provide practical advice to current magistrates inside and outside the courts of Bahrain, 24 November 1938-5 August 1939; the report of the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf Lieutenant Colonel T C W Fowle to the Secretary to the Government of India in the External Affairs Department Sir Herbert Aubrey Francis Metcalfe on future policy towards popular agitation in Bahrain, 14 April-23 May 1939; and the Ruler of Dubai Shaikh Sa’id bin Maktoum Al Maktoum’s forcible dissolution of the Majlisin Dubai, 5-15 June 1939.The correspondence in this file is primarily between the British Political Agent in Bahrain; Political Resident in the Persian Gulf at Bushire [Bushehr]; Deputy Secretary to the Government of India in the Foreign and Political Department; Foreign Secretary to the Government of India; Secretary of State for India; India Office; Secretary of the Government of India in the External Affairs Department; Foreign Office; HM Ambassador to Egypt; and the Ruler of Bahrain.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 101; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 76-101; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.