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13. 'File 10/15 Annex. Radio telephone communications between Bahrain and Dhahran'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains letters and telegrams by the Political Agent at Bahrain, authorising the use of radio telephonic communications between Bahrain and Dharhan, to communicate messages for California Arabian Standard Oil Company (CASOC) and Bahrain Petroleum Company Limited (BAPCO), and confirmation of communications by BAPCO.There is an index at the end of the volume (folios 78-80).The reference number 10/15 on the cover is crossed and the file was then renumbered as 10/19A.Physical description: The foliation is written in pencil in the top right corner. The numbering begins on the first page of writing, on number 1, and runs through to 81, ending on the inside of the back cover of the file.
14. ‘File 13/23 Survey of P.G. [Persian Gulf] Aerodromes’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains copies of correspondence and other papers relating to the arrival in Bahrain in January 1947, of a survey party, who are touring the head of the Persian Gulf to assess the region’s aerodromes. The principal correspondents in the file are the Bahrain Political Agent, Captain Hugh Dunstan Lance, the Political Resident, Lieutenant-Colonel William Rupert Hay, Ludovic James Dunnett of the Ministry of Civil Aviation, and Eion Pelly Donaldson of the India Office.The first part of the file (ff 3-19) contains correspondence relating to arrangements for the arrival of the survey party, including notices of estimated arrival, and the arrangement of taxis for transportation, made between 12 December 1946, when notification was received of the survey party visit (f 1) and the arrival of the party around 29 January 1947. The second part of the file (ff 20-49) is a copy of the report, entitled ‘Ministry of Civil Aviation Technical Survey Party, Report on Baghdad, Basra, Shaibah [Sha’iba], Dhahran, Abadan and Bahrain’, issued by the Ministry of Civil Aviation Planning Secretariat and dated 27 February 1947. The report focusses on each aerodrome in turn, with sections and appendices on: runway orientation and size; suitability of runways for aircraft of certain size; passenger accommodation; engineering (drainage, subsoil, bearing strength); meteorological departments; air traffic control; and radio communications. At the front of the report (f 21) is a summary of conclusions and recommendations for the route between Palestine and India, chiefly concerning an extension of the runway at Shaibah and long-term planning for a new civil aviation airport at Bahrain. The last part of the file (ff 50-55) contains correspondence sent after the issue of the report, and a meeting, held in London on 1 April 1947, to assess the report’s recommendations. A letter from the Donaldson to Hay, dated 17 April 1947 (f 50), discusses the case for a new airport at Hamala, south of Manama, Bahrain, with a suggestion that the Bahrain Government might contribute to the scheme by investing in approach roads and a hotel.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover on folio 1 and terminates at the back cover on folio 60; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional mixed foliation/pagination sequence is also present in parallel between ff 3-53; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. They are located in the same position as the main sequence, except for some instances which are located in the verso.
15. ‘File 28/1 P Visit of enemy aircraft to Bahrain’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file comprises copies of correspondence and other papers relating to an air raid carried out by Italian bombers over the Bahrain Petroleum Company (BAPCO) refinery in Bahrain and the California-Arabian Standard Oil Company (CASOC) refinery at Dhahran [al-Ẓahrān] in Saudi Arabia, on the night of 19 October 1940. The principal correspondents in the file are: the Political Agent in Bahrain (Major Reginald George Evelin William Alban); the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Geoffrey Prior); the British Minister in Jedda (Hugh Stonehewer-Bird).The file includes:initial reports of the raid (ff 2-3);an order from the Government of Bahrain (f 4, copy at f 30) dated 19 October 1940, announcing the raid and the British Government’s intentions to take all measures in the defence of Bahrain. The order also calls for calm amongst the islands’ inhabitants;a draft letter written by the Political Agent to the Political Resident, dated 20 October 1940 (ff 10-12, copy at ff 27-29) giving details of: the number of planes taking part in the raid and their altitude; the number of bombs dropped; damage (of lack of damage) caused; and precautions being taken against further raids: placement of light machine gun posts, blackout measures, the preparation of air raid shelters, increased refinery patrols);correspondence from the British Minister at Jedda (ff 13-14, ff 15-16, f 32), giving an account of the Italian minister to Saudi Arabia’s initial denial of the raid over Dhahran, his response to the official announcement from the Italian Government of the raid over Bahrain, and his subsequent apology to the Amir Faisal [Fayṣal]. The British Minister at Jedda also reports on the official apology to Saudi Arabia from the Italian Government, and speculation that the refinery at Dhahran was mistaken for the BAPCO refinery at Bahrain by the Italian bombers;correspondence between Air Ministry and India Office officials in London (ff 41-42) discussing if such a raid could be repeated in future, and whether further air raid protection measures should be taken at Bahrain.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the back cover with 46; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 2-43; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence.
16. ‘File 28/1 R Reports from C.A.S.O.C. A.R.P. etc.’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file’s contents relate to an enquiry made by the California-Arabian Standard Oil Company (CASOC), dated 27 October 1940, to the Political Agency in Bahrain, asking if British aircraft were flown over the company’s refinery at Dhahran [al-Ẓahrān] in Saudi Arabia on the night of 25/26 October 1940. A telegram from the Political Resident, dated 29 October 1940, states that the Royal Air Force (RAF) have orders not to fly over Saudi territory. A letter from Floyd William Ohliger of CASOC to R T Hallowes at the Bahrain Political Agency, dated 29 October 1940 (ff 6-7) describes CASOC’s response to the bombing of the Dhahran refinery by Italian aircraft on 19 October 1940, with details of: air raid precautions (ARP) taken, including blackout measures; cessation of regular operations at the refinery; the intention to resume operations at the refinery with measures to restrict lighting; a description of the sighting of planes on 19 October 1940, with times, location and directions.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 10; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-9; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence.
17. ‘File 28/1 V Visits to Bahrain of military officials (Brigadier Hughes & Party)’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence relating to visits by senior military officials to Bahrain, principally arrangements for the visit of Brigadier F E C Hughes (ff 6-50), referred to in the file as both Commander-Designate of Forces, and head of Persian Gulf Defence Mission, in late June/early July 1941, for the purposes of carrying out a reconnaissance mission. Correspondence concerning Hughes’s visit includes: arrangements for his arrival and departure, including onward travel to Khorramshahr in Iran; permission/arrangements for Hughes to travel to Zekrit [Zikrīt] (Qatar) and Dhahran [[al-Ẓahrān] (Saudi Arabia); the loaning of maps (none included in the file); assessment of land south of Zellaq in Bahrain for a proposed landing strip.Other correspondence in the file relates to: a visit to Bahrain by the Air Officer Commanding (AOC) Iraq in October 1940 (ff 2-5); various visits in 1942, with details of the officers and visit dates (ff 51-55); correspondence in July 1944 relating to the proposed visit to Bahrain of the General Officer Commanding (GOC) in Charge of Paiforce (Persia and India Force), and the subsequent delay and cancellation of the visit (ff 56-59); correspondence relating to visits by the GOC in Charge of the Persian Gulf (ff 64-65), and the Chief of the Imperial General Staff (CIGS) in October 1945 (f 65).Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 68; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-65; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence.
18. ‘File 28/28-(i) Military requirements (purchases etc. for the army)’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains copies of correspondence and other papers relating to the acquisition of oil industry equipment and supplies from the California-Arabian Standard Oil Company (CASOC) and the Bahrain Petroleum Company (BAPCO), for use by British military headquarters at Basra, Iraq (later referred to as PAIFORCE: Persia and Iraq Force), the Defence Department of the Government of India, or by other oil interests, including the Office of the Petroleum Division at the British Embassy in Baghdad (represented by H S Bowlby), and the Assam Oil Company in India. Principal correspondents in the file include: the Political Agent at Bahrain (Edward Birkbeck Wakefield); representatives of CASOC (chiefly Floyd William Ohliger and Charles E Davis); the Chief Local Representative of BAPCO (chiefly Milton H Lipp and Ward P Anderson).The file includes:correspondence dated May 1942 relating to the arrival in Bahrain and Saudi Arabia of Major W H C Travers of the Royal Engineers, who is charged with inspecting, and has the authorisation to purchase, any oil industry equipment required for military operations at Basra (ff 2-7);subsequent correspondence relating to requests for specific equipment, such as motor vehicles, tractors, cranes, wagons, motor spares, piping, welding machines, etc.;correspondence relating to the purchase or rent of such equipment, including: copies of statements of order; purchase orders; invoices from either CASOC and BAPCO; requests for money transfer, requisition; conditions of sale;correspondence relating to the movement of purchased or hired equipment, including: arrangements for collection, including correspondence relating to the permission required from the Saudi Arabian Government to export equipment belonging to CASOC, in use in Saudi Arabia; arrangements for shipping; confirmation of receipt;correspondence dated January 1942 relating to an enquiry made by Major S Hill of the Royal Engineers, of the practicalities of constructing fifty pontoons at the BAPCO facilities in Bahrain (ff 72-74);an assessment, written by Major S Hills, dated June 1942, of the practicalities of extracting 10,000 tonnes of coral at Bahrain for export to Basra (f 81-83).Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 307; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-306; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence.
19. 'File 39/17 ARAMCO Planes'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence with Arabian American Oil Company (ARAMCO) representatives regarding the use of a chartered plane to transport personnel of ARAMCO to Dhahran. The letters request permission from the Political Agent at Bahrain and the Adviser to the Government of Bahrain for the chartered plane and for another private plane used by the Company, to land at Muharraq [Bahrain].There are also letters from Bahrain Petroleum Company Limited (BAPCO), wanting to build an air strip at Awali for use of the private ARAMCO aircraft, including a map of 'Proposed Air Strip Bahrain' (f 19) and a 'Location Plan - Proposed Air Strip, Bahrain' (f 23).Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the back cover with 32; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 2-26; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence.
20. 'File 60/20 I (C 93) Imperial Bank of Iran: Bahrain, etc'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence relating to banking in Persia, Saudi Arabia, and the Persian Gulf. The majority of the correspondence is between the British Ministry in Tehran, the Government of India, High Commissioner in Iraq (later the British Ambassador), Political Residency in Bushire, the Foreign and Indian Offices in London, Political Agencies in Bahrain and Kuwait, the British Consulates in Shiraz and Bandar Abbas, the British Minister in Jeddah, the British Ambassador in Cairo, employees of the Imperial Bank Persia (later Imperial Bank Iran) and the Eastern Bank, and the Persian Government. Included as enclosures are several newspaper cuttings and transcripts.The documents cover discussions over the Imperial Bank's operations in the region, including growing hostility in an increasingly nationalist Iran and the plans to open a branch in Bahrain. Much of the volume pertains to the work of rival banks in Bahrain and Dhahran in Saudi Arabia. These banks include the Eastern Bank, the Ottoman Bank and the National City Bank.Folio 146 is a map of al-Hasa, Saudi Arabia, produced by the California Arabian Standard Oil Company.Folios 191-198 are internal office notes.Physical description: Foliation: the sequence commences at the front cover and terminates at the back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled and can be found in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A second foliation sequence is also present between ff 4-190; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled and can be found in the same position as the main sequence. Circled index numbers in red and blue crayon can also be found throughout the volume. There are the following irregularities: f 33 is followed by f 34a and f 34b.
21. ‘File No. 16/83 Miscellaneous. Lists of officers serving at the American Embassy, Jidda, Saudi Arabia and other Posts and General correspondence.’
- Description:
- Abstract: Lists, sent by the United States Consulate at Dhahran to the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, detailing officers serving at the following United States’ embassies and consular offices in the Persian Gulf region: the US Embassy in Jidda [Jedda] (f 2); the US Consulate in Basra (f 3, f 8); and the US Consulate at Dhahran (ff 7-10). The file also contains a letter from the US Consul at Dhahran (Parker Thompson Hart), dated 24 August 1949, informing the Political Residency of the appointment of a new Commander to the US Middle East Force (f 5).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 13; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located at the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
22. 'Indian Vice-consul at Dhahran'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file concerns the possible appointment of a vice-consul at Dhahran [al-Ẓahrān] by the Government of India. Correspondents in the file include Lieutenant-Colonel William Rupert Hay, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf at Bahrain; Cornelius James Pelly, the Political Agent at Bahrain; and Lloyd Moore, Resident Manager of the Arabian American Oil Company (Aramco), Bahrain. In a letter, dated 4 April 1947, Hay enquires as to the extent of Indian interests at Dhahran and the number of Indians employed by Aramco. In a letter, dated 23 April 1947, Moore informs Pelly that there are 638 Indian employees of Aramco at Dhahran as of 31 March 1947. This is compared to 475 on 1 June 1946.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the front cover and terminates at the back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
23. Coll 6/57 'U.S.A.: Saudi Relations with U.S.A.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file concerns relations between Saudi Arabia and the United States, and features the following principal correspondents: His Majesty's Chargé d’Affaires to Jedda (Albert Spencer Calvert); His Majesty's Chargé d'Affaires to Washington (Ronald Ian Campbell); His Majesty's Minister at Jedda (Sir Reader William Bullard, and later, Stanley R Jordan); the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the Secretary of State for India; the United States Consul, Dhahran; Isaiah Berlin (writing from the British Embassy, Washington); officials of the Foreign Office and the Government of India's External Affairs Department.The correspondence includes discussion of the following:The United States Government's recognition of King Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] in 1931.The conclusion of a provisional agreement between the United States and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, regarding diplomatic and consular representation, juridical protection, commerce and navigation, dated 7 November 1933.Details of the visit of Colonel Harold Hoskins, President Roosevelt's personal envoy, to Saudi Arabia in August 1943.Details of the visit of Emir Feisal [Fayṣal bin ‘Abd al-‘Azīz Āl Sa‘ūd], Saudi Minister for Foreign Affairs, and his brother Khalid [Khalid ibn 'Abdul 'Aziz Āl Sa‘ūd], to the United States in September-October 1943.The United States Government's request to establish consular representation in Saudi Arabia, which the British Government advises Ibn Saud to accept.The reflections of Foreign Office officials on the United States' possible economic and strategic interests in Saudi Arabia.Ibn Saud's acceptance of the appointment of a United States Consul at Dhahran in 1944.In addition to correspondence, the file includes a copy of the aforementioned Saudi-United States provisional agreement, plus a number of extracts from various United States newspapers and news agencies.The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 66; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 1-64; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
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