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1. 'CONFIDENTIAL 86/7-III B.36. TRUCIAL COAST.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume discusses the intention of Petroleum Concessions Limited (PCL) to negotiate extensions on the options that the D’Arcy Exploration Company had acquired with the rulers of Abu Dhabi (Shaikh Shakhbūt bin Sulṭān bin Zāyid Āl Nahyān), Ajman (Rāshid Bin Ḥumaid Al-Nu`aimī), Dibai [Dubai] (Shaikh Saʻīd bin Maktūm), Ras al Khaimah [Ra's al Khaymah] (Shaikh Sulṭān bin Sālim Āl Qasimī) and Sharjah (Sulṭān bin Saqr Āl Qasimī) and to open negotiations for concession agreements with them too.Included in the file is correspondence with the various rulers from the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Trenchard Craven Fowle) informing them of Her Majesty’s Government’s approval of the option negotiated with the D’Arcy Exploration Compan; and correspondence regarding the British Government’s knowledge and approval of the decision by the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (AIOC) for PCL to enter into negotiations with them through the PCL negotiator Frank Holmes. Also enclosed are copies of the proposed draft concessions for Abu Dhabi (ff 6-22), Dibai (ff 22-37), Ras al Khaimah and Sharjah.Further correspondence regarding the question of negotiations and concessions is included between Shaikh Sa’id bin Maktum, Ruler of Dubai and the Political Agent at Bahrain (Percy Gordon Loch) regarding the Shaikh’s request that Hajji ‘Abdullah Williamson accompany any surveying parties visit his territory; and his concern over the inactivity of the D’Arcy Exploration Company with regards to their two year option and subsequent reluctance to discuss any extension to the option until surveying had commenced.The volume also contains correspondence between representatives of the India Office (John Walton, Maurice Clauson), the Director of Petroleum Concessions Limited (John Skliros) and representatives of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (Langlois Massy Lefroy, Edward Henry Ommaney Elkington) discussing potential boundary issues with regard to the Trucial Coast Shaikh’s territories; the need for a special risks clause should any Company employees wish to visit or survey the interior of some of the Trucial Shaikhdoms; the procedure to be followed for Major Holmes to be permitted to commence his negotiations; and discussions around the draft concession agreements presented to the India Office and possible requirements to be included in a political agreement between the British Government and PCL.Also included in the volume are:correspondence between Sir Andrew Ryan, HM Minister at Jedda, and George Rendel of the Foreign Office explaining the Red Line Agreement, which was concluded in 1928, including the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company and Iraq Petroleum Company’s expectations under it and that the Kuwait Neutral Zone was not considered to be part of Kuwait proper and was therefore included within the agreement; reports submitted by the Residency Agent at Sharjah (Abdur Razzaq) to the Political Agent at Bahrain on the movements of Frank Holmes and his agents (Muhammad Yateem, Ashrif Halim) on the Trucial Coast including details of their visits to the various Shaikhs, and the topics discussed with them where known; the agreement that Petroleum Concessions Limited could open negotiations with the Shaikh of Bahrain (Shaikh Ḥamad bin ‘Īsá Āl Khalīfah) for a concession in the unalloted portion of Bahrain, and guarantees made by Major Frank Holmes to the Shaikh of Bahrain that PCL had no intention of transferring any potential concession to a third party but would exploit it through a subsidiary company which would most likely be named Petroleum Concessions (Bahrain) Limited; the proposal by Petroleum Concessions Limited to appoint Ernest Vincent Packer as Local Manager for PCL at Bahrain, and follow up of Packer’s references by the India Office; correspondence around the potential need for a separate Local representative to be appointed for Muscat should any concession be granted there, as the geographic area and expected workload would be too much if the local representative at Bahrain was expected to be responsible for both the Trucial Coast and Muscat.The draft concession agreements and correspondence to and from the Trucial Coast Shaikhs is in Arabic and English; the letter-head for the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company is in Persian and English.A series of file notes which were maintained as a record of the correspondence in the volume can be found at folios 237-243.Physical description: Foliation: The main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present between ff 70-236; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
2. 'Confidential 86/7-IV B.40. Petroleum Concessions Limited - Trucial Coast.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains a record of negotiations between Major Frank Holmes and Ashraf Halim [Ashraf Halīm] on behalf of Petroleum Concessions Limited, and the Shaikh Sa'id bin Maktum [Saʻīd bin Maktūm Āl Maktūm], Shaikh of Dibai [Dubai], over a concession agreement for Dibai, which resulted in a concession being agreed and the clauses of the concession being initialled by each party with the Shaikh of Dubai intending to sign the concession formally once it had been approved by the British Government, draft copies of the concession are included at folios 70-73 and 91-109.Also included in the volume are correspondence and meetings between Petroleum Concessions Limited (Stephen Hemlsey Longrigg), the India Office (John Walton, Maurice Clauson), the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Trenchard Craven Fowle, Percy Gordon Loch), the Petroleum Department (Harold Gordon Gunn), the Admiralty (Ebenezer Seal) and the Foreign Office (Terence Vincent Brenan) to discuss both the amended clauses of the concession agreement for Dubai and the necessary Political Agreement between Petroleum Concessions Limited and Her Majesty’s Government. The main points of discussion being the clauses in the Political Agreement relating to protection of Company Employees, jurisdiction for expelling foreigners from Dibai, and the need for a British controlled Refinery in the Persian Gulf.Also under discussion is the question of boundaries between the Trucial Coast Shaikhdom’s and how best to settle them in relation to concession agreements; and reports of communications between the Shaikh Sa'id bin Maktum, Ruler of Dubai and Shaikh Shakhbut bin Sultan [Shaikh Shakhbūt bin Sulṭān bin Zāyid Āl Nahyān], Ruler of Abu Dhabi with the intention of settling themselves the boundary between their respective territories which the Political Resident believes to be the best solution to the boundary question, provided they are able to reach a consensus.Correspondence between the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf , the Secretary of State for India, the Political Agent Bahrain and Petroleum Concessions Limited discussing the protection undertaking required by the British Government before the options secured by the Trucial Coast Shaikh’s could be approved. The correspondence confirms the acceptance by the Shaikh’s of Abu Dhabi and Dibai of the condition; the refusal of the Shaikhs of Sharjah (Sulṭān bin Saqr Āl Qasimī) and Ras al Khaimah [Ra's al Khaymah] (Shaikh Sulṭān bin Sālim Āl Qasimī) to agree to the condition as it contained references to compensation without any upper limit or detail of amounts; and the non-response of the Shaikh of Ajman (Rāshid bin Ḥumaid Al-Nu`aimī) to the agreement. The correspondence continues by discussing ways of convincing the Shaikh’s of Sharjah and Ras al Khaimah to agree to the undertaking and possible reassurances that could be given in relation to the question of compensation.Other topics discussed include:the continuation of negotiations with the Shaikh of Abu Dhabi regarding a possible concession agreement;the appointment of Ernest Vincent Packer as Chief Local Representative for Petroleum Concessions Limited, including correspondence from the India Office following up his references;reports through the Residency Agent at Sharjah (Khan Sahib Saiyid 'Abd al-Razzaq) of attempts by the Shaikh of Sharjah to convince the Shaikh’s of Abu Dhabi and Dubai to go back on their acceptance of the protection undertaking; and to convince the Shaikh of Dubai not to sign a concession agreement until all the Trucial Coast Shaikhs had an opportunity to come together and discuss the question of oil jointly;summary of Petroleum Concessions Limited’s position and progress in relation to the concession agreements they were pursuing; progress updates were given for the Kuwait Neutral Zone; Qatar; Bahrain and the Trucial Coasts along with details of the appointment of a Chief Local Representative, the intended movements of their geologists and their intentions in regards to the shipping of equipment and materials and the recruitment of employees.Reports from the Residency Agent at Shargah of the movements of Hussain Yateem [Husayn Yatīm] in Sharjah and Dubai; and unconfirmed rumours that he had been employed as an agent and negotiator for an American Petroleum Company and had approached the Shaikh’s of Sharjah and Dubai in this capacity.Draft concession agreements and correspondence with Shaikh's in Arabic and English.A series of file notes which were maintained as a record of the correspondence in the volume can be found at folios 248-255.Physical description: Foliation: The main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 6-247; these numbers are also written in pencil, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence, but they are not circled. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
3. ‘File B/10-I CLAIM OF THE RULER OF DUBAI AGAINST MESPERS’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains enquiry correspondence relating to a claim made in 1935 by Shaikh Said bin Maktum [Shaikh Saʻīd bin Maktūm bin Hasher Āl Maktūm] the Ruler of Dibai [Dubai], principally against the shipping agents Mesopotamia Persia Corporation Limited (also referred to as the Mesopotamia Iran Corporation Limited). The claim concerns the reimbursement of expenses incurred by the Ruler of Dubai, in connection with 2000 bags of unclaimed cement landed at Dubai by the Japanese steam ship Nanku Maru(also spelt Nankwa Maru) on 21 June 1934. The main correspondents are: the Political Agent at Bahrain, the Residency Agent at Sharjah, the Secretary to the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf at Bushire, Mr P S Kandeth the Dubai representative of the shipping agents, and the Ruler of Dubai. The letters exchanged between the Ruler of Dubai, the Residency Agent and the Political Agent are in English and Arabic. The file also includes: the cargo manifest submitted to Dubai Customs by the Nanku Maruon its arrival in 1934; the statement (in Arabic) of expenses incurred by the Ruler of Dubai on the landed cement, signed by the hammalbashi (chief of the porters’ guild) at Dubai Pier in 1934; and the witness statement made in 1935 by Mr P S Kandeth, regarding the purchase of the cement in 1934 from the Persia Japan Trading Company at Tehran, by the original consignee Haji Baker Fakhr (also spelt Hajji Baquir and Haji Kaber), a Persian subject.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 61; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 50-60; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
4. 'File 9/50 (B 16) The Debai Incident'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains reports and correspondence relating to an attack on British soldiers by Arab inhabitants of Dubai. The reports and correspondence are mainly between Lieutenant-Colonel P.Z. Cox (Political Resident in the Persian Gulf and His British Majesty's Consul General), The Secretary to the Government of India in the Foreign Department at Calcutta and Sheikh Butti-bin-Soheil (Chief of Dubai) and discuss the reparation terms demanded by the British.The file includes a naval report of the landing at Dubai by armed British soldiers and seamen led by Major Heriot of the Royal Marines Light Infantry, dated 25 December 1910, together with two pencil sketch maps of Dubai drawn from memory, showing buildings, the shore line, military positions and direction of fire during the attack, dated 26 December 1910 (folios 18-25).The file also includes several letters in Arabic, mainly from Sheikh Butti of Dubai to Colonel Cox, together with English translations. Among them is a witness statement containing an account of the incident, together with the signatures and seals of 83 principal residents of Dubai attesting to its veracity, dated 5 January 1911 (folio 60).Physical description: There are two different foliation sequences in the file.Original foliation sequence: every folio in the file, except two folios at the start and end of the file, have been numbered sequentially in the top right hand corner, starting at the front of the file. Folios 1 to 115 are numbered in pencil, folios 116 to 197 in red crayon and folios 198 to 241 in blue crayon.Second foliation sequence: every folio in the file has been numbered sequentially in pencil, in the top right hand corner, starting at the front of the file.
5. PZ 4841/1937 'Persian Gulf: Haji Williamson & Major Holmes'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence relating to the past conduct and future employment of Major Frank Holmes and William Richard ‘Haji’ Williamson in the Persian Gulf. Most of the correspondence is between the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf and the Secretary of State for India, and concerns objections to the potential employment of Holmes as a negotiator on behalf of Petroleum Concessions Limited in Bahrein [Bahrain] and Koweit [Kuwait], and his past record as a negotiator on the Trucial Coast and as Chief Local Representative for the Bahrain Petroleum Company.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 68; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
6. Coll 30/194 ‘Persian Gulf Defence. SHARJAH & DIBAI.’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains papers relating to the defence of Sharjah and Dubai (also spelled Dibai in the file).The papers consist of correspondence, and a copy of a report entitled ‘Appreciation of the Situation Regarding the Defence of Sharjah and Dibai Alighting Area Against Tribal Attack and Sabotage’, by Major R G Price, Air Headquarters, British Forces in Iraq, dated January 1939, which includes a ‘Sketch map showing approximate layout of SHARJAH & DIBAI’ [IOR/L/PS/12/3935, f 18].The correspondents and recipients are as follows: the India Office; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the Political Agent, Bahrain; the Air Ministry; the War Office; the Commander in Chief, Middle East; and the Air Officer Commanding, British Forces in Iraq.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 33; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.