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1. Letter from Harford Jones to Lord Wellesley
- Description:
- Abstract: A copy of a secret dispatch from Harford Jones, Resident in Bagdad [Baghdad], to Marquess Wellesley, Governor-General of Bengal, sent from Bagdad and dated 21 June 1802.Jones forwards correspondence (attached) concerning the Persian [Iranian] reaction to the sack of Meshed Hossein [Shrine of Imām Huṣayn bin ‘Alī, Karbala] and asks Marquess Wellesley not to pass the information on to any Persians resident in Calcutta [Kolkata] in order to protect his informant.Attached are:A translation of a letter from Mohammed Reza Khan [Muḥammad Rezā Khān], Persian representative in Kerbela [Karbala], to Harford Jone, reporting the reaction of the Shah to the sack of Meshed Hossein by the Wa-ha-bys [Wahhābī movement], a proposed expedition against the Wa-ha-bys, and protests from the Shah to Soliman Pasha [Büyük Sulaymān Pāshā, Governor of Baghdad].A translation of a firman [edict] from the Shah to the chief Imaums [Imāms] of Meshed Ally [Sanctuary of Imām ‘Alī, Najaf] and Kerbela. The firman concerns the sack of Meshed Hossein by the Wa-ha-bys and a proposed retaliatory expeditionA translation of a paper from an informant of Harford Jones describing recent events in Merve [Mary/Merv] and reports of a Persian expedition against the Ouzbegs [Uzbeks] in the region.A translation of a firman from the Shah to Soliman Pashaw of Bagdad. The Shah reproaches Soliman Pasha for failing to protect Meshed Hossein, demands that Soliman Pasha either immediately launch an expedition against the Wa-ha-by or provide supplies for Persian troops to do so, and demands that Soliman Pasha appoint a person to organise repairs and fortifications in KerbelaA translation of an arzadasht [‘arẓehdāsht, petition] from Mohammed Reza Khan to the Shah. Mohammed Reza Khan states that he has returned to Bagdad, describes the disturbed state of affairs caused by the ill health of Soliman Pasha, and asks permission to Persia.A translated extract of a letter from Meerza Bozurg [Mīrzā ‘Īsá Khān Farāhānī, Vizier to the Crown Prince of Persia] to Harford Jones, dated 6 Suffer [Safar]/6 June 1802. Meerza Bozurg thanks Jones for providing information from Kerbela, reports that the Shah has set off on a campaign to capture Herat and Candahar [Kandahar], and states that the Shah is planning a retaliatory expedition against the Wa-ha-by and has sent word of this to the Ottoman Emperor [Sulṭān].A copy of a letter from Harford Jones to Lord Elgin, HM Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, sent from Bagdad and dated 23 June 1802. The letter forwards the above dispatch and enclosures. Jones asks Elgin not to disclose any names mentioned in the correspondence to Ottoman authorities and to try to find out the proposed actions of the Porte [Government of the Ottoman Empire] regarding the affair of Meshed Hossein and communicate them to Jones.Duplicates of this correspondence are catalogued as IOR/L/PS/9/76/246.Physical description: 1 item (7 folios)
2. Letter from Harford Jones to Marquess Wellesley
- Description:
- Abstract: A copy of a secret dispatch from Harford Jones, Resident in Bagdad [Baghdad], to Marquess Wellesley, Governor-General of Bengal, sent from Bagdad and dated 21 June 1802.Jones forwards correspondence (attached) concerning the Persian [Iranian] reaction to the sack of Meshed Hossein [Shrine of Imām Huṣayn bin ‘Alī, Karbala] and asks Marquess Wellesley not to pass the information on to any Persians resident in Calcutta [Kolkata] in order to protect his informant.Attached are:A translation of a letter from Mohammed Reza Khan [Muḥammad Rezā Khān], Persian representative in Kerbela [Karbala], to Harford Jone, reporting the reaction of the Shah to the sack of Meshed Hossein by the Wa-ha-bys [Wahhābī movement], a proposed expedition against the Wa-ha-bys, and protests from the Shah to Soliman Pasha [Büyük Sulaymān Pāshā, Governor of Baghdad].A translation of a firman [edict] from the Shah to the chief Imaums [Imāms] of Meshed Ally [Sanctuary of Imām ‘Alī, Najaf] and Kerbela. The firman concerns the sack of Meshed Hossein by the Wa-ha-bys and a proposed retaliatory expeditionA translation of a paper from an informant of Harford Jones describing recent events in Merve [Mary/Merv] and reports of a Persian expedition against the Ouzbegs [Uzbeks] in the region.A translation of a firman from the Shah to Soliman Pashaw of Bagdad. The Shah reproaches Soliman Pasha for failing to protect Meshed Hossein, demands that Soliman Pasha either immediately launch an expedition against the Wa-ha-by or provide supplies for Persian troops to do so, and demands that Soliman Pasha appoint a person to organise repairs and fortifications in KerbelaA translation of an arzadasht [‘arẓehdāsht, petition] from Mohammed Reza Khan to the Shah. Mohammed Reza Khan states that he has returned to Bagdad, describes the disturbed state of affairs caused by the ill health of Soliman Pasha, and asks permission to Persia.A translated extract of a letter from Meerza Bozurg [Mīrzā ‘Īsá Khān Farāhānī, Vizier to the Crown Prince of Persia] to Harford Jones, dated 6 Suffer [Safar]/6 June 1802. Meerza Bozurg thanks Jones for providing information from Kerbela, reports that the Shah has set off on a campaign to capture Herat and Candahar [Kandahar], and states that the Shah is planning a retaliatory expedition against the Wa-ha-by and has sent word of this to the Ottoman Emperor [Sulṭān].A copy of a letter from Harford Jones to Lord Elgin, HM Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, sent from Bagdad and dated 23 June 1802. The letter forwards the above dispatch and enclosures. Jones asks Elgin not to disclose any names mentioned in the correspondence to Ottoman authorities and to try to find out the proposed actions of the Porte [Government of the Ottoman Empire] regarding the affair of Meshed Hossein and communicate them to Jones.Physical description: 1 item (8 folios)
3. Turkish Arabia Affairs
- Description:
- Abstract: This item comprises a copy of an enclosure to a despatch from the Government of Bombay Secret Department to the Secret Committee, Number 91 of 1846, dated 4 August 1846. The enclosure is dated 28 May 1846.The primary document is a despatch from Major Henry Creswicke Rawlinson, Political Agent in Turkish Arabia [Ottoman Iraq], forwarding, for the information of the Government of Bombay and the Governor-General of India, copies of his communications to Sir Stratford Canning, HM Ambassador at Constantinople [Istanbul], reporting on affairs in the Baghdad Pachalic [Baghdad Pashalik, also spelled Pashalic in this item].The papers notably cover the following matters:The agreement negotiated by Canning relating to the rights of Britain to navigate the ‘Rivers of Mesopotamia [Iraq]’ (the Tigris and Euphrates) under its own flag and subject only to anchorage fees, and Rawlinson’s expectation that this will encourage the use of steam vessels and stimulate British trade with the Turkish [Ottoman] EmpireTensions between Persian [Iranian] and Turkish tribes on the Turco-Persian frontier at Kermanshah, plans for mediation by Rawlinson of the differences between the tribes, and Rawlinson’s description (f 14) of two ‘serious outrages’ committed by Persian tribes against the property of Turkish tribes and his fears of possible retaliationA meeting between Najib Pasha [Muḥammad Najīb Pāshā, Governor of Baghdad] and the Persian Consul Moolah Abdool Azeez [Mullā ‘Abd al-‘Azīz, also referred to as the Persian Agent] regarding the various complaints of the Consul against the Turkish authorities relating to: import and export duties; alleged fees for interment at Nejjef [Najaf, also spelled Nejif in this item]; ferry tolls required to cross a canal between Nejjef and Kufa; passport regulations affecting Persian citizens resident in Baghdad; and the inability of Persian citizens to obtain restitution following the ‘plunder’ of their property in the vicinity of BaghdadRawlinson’s mediatory role following two recent incidents at Kerbela [Karbala], namely: the affair of Hajee Medhi [Ḥājī Mahdī] who was sent to Kerbela by the Persian Consul on private business but presented himself as a Government Agent independent of the local government, and the question of Turkish and Persian jurisdictional rights regarding his punishment; and the affair of the Persian Army soldiers on official business who refused to deposit their arms, forced the gates and assaulted the guards, and the postponement of their punishment pending the decision of the Turkish and Persian governmentsRawlinson’s report of the discontent over taxation among ‘the Arabs of this Pashalic’, and his concern that increased tensions and acts of defiance will lead to constant conflict and disorderInformation received by Rawlinson alleging the erection of fortifications at Zahab [Sarpol-e Zahab] and Mohamrah [Khorramshahr, also spelled Mahomrah in this item] and the denial of the Persian Prime Minister, as conveyed by HM Minister in Tehran, of plans to erect any fortifications on the Persian frontier.Physical description: 1 item (20 folios)
4. Turkish Arabia Affairs
- Description:
- Abstract: This item comprises a copy of an enclosure to a despatch from the Government of Bombay Secret Department to the Secret Committee, Number 3 of 1847, dated 9 January 1847. The enclosure is dated 27 November 1846.The primary document is a despatch from Major Henry Creswicke Rawlinson, Political Agent in Turkish Arabia [Ottoman Iraq], forwarding, for the information of the Government of Bombay and the Governor-General of India, copies of his communications to Henry Wellesley, HM Minister Plenipotentiary at Constantinople [Istanbul], reporting on affairs in the Bagdad Pachalic [Baghdad Pashalik].The papers cover the following matters:The punishment of the Persian [Iranian] troops who forced the gate at Kerbela [Karbala] the previous spring (1846) and the reparation and apology offered to Nejib Pashah, Pasha of Bagdad [Muḥammad Najīb Pāshā, Governor of Baghdad], by the Persian Government, which was delayed on its passage to Bagdad due to the quarantine measures imposed by Mohib Ali Khan [Muḥibb ʿAlī Khān], Governor of KermanshahThe serious disturbances in the southern part of the province of Kermanshah requiring Mohib Ali Khan to lead a force there, and so delaying the ‘tranquilisation’ of the Turco-Persian frontiers during the forthcoming winterThe problems at Bagdad subsequent to passport regulations being applied to Persian pilgrims (to Karbala) by the Turkish [Ottoman] Government, including: delays in issuing passports due to the large number of pilgrims; disagreement between Nejib Pasha and the Persian Consul over the proportion of Persian pilgrims entitled to free passports following the (unverified) order of the [Ottoman] Porte to grant them to poorer pilgrims; Nejib Pasha’s objection to the Persian Consul issuing passports to Persian pilgrims on the basis that Russian ‘Mahomedans’ [Muslims] from Georgia with Russian passports are not restricted, and his threats to repudiate the right of all Persian pilgrims to passports if the practice continuesRawlinson’s report on a conference he attended between Nejib Pasha and the Persian Consul, largely consisting of the Consul’s complaints about the infringement of Persian rights and Nejib Pasha’s responses, in relation to: a Persian nobleman of high rank who was deprived of his arms on his visit to Kerbella [Karbala] during the summer; the enlistment of Persian refugee soldiers in the Turkish army; frontier matters including the ‘depredations’ by frontier tribes; the Turkish guard ship off Mohamerah [Khorramshahr, formerly Mohammerah] which the Consul claims is impeding the trade of that place; and Persian intentions to facilitate the passage of their pilgrims journeying to Kerbela across the rivers Diala [Diyala] and Euphrates at cost-price in order to counter the expensive charges of the company contracted by the Turkish Government.Physical description: 1 item (9 folios)
5. Correspondence of Harford Jones
- Description:
- Abstract: This item contains:1. Notes on a meeting between Harford Jones, Resident in Bagdad [Baghdad], and the Pasha [Büyük Sulaymān Pāshā, Governor of Baghdad] on 6 June 1802. The meeting mainly concerns the recent sack of Meshed Hossein [Shrine of Imām Huṣayn bin ‘Alī, Karbala] by the Wahabys [Wahhābī movement] and the possibility of a Persian [Iranian] expedition against the Wahabys via Bagdad. Jones offers to liaise with Persian representatives on the issue.2. A translation of a letter from Harford Jones to Meerza Bozurg [Mīrzā ‘Īsá Khān Farāhānī, Vizier to the Crown Prince of Persia] dated 12 July 1802. Jones advises against a Persian campaign against the Wahaby via Bagdad in light of logistical difficulties and the threat from Russia in the Caucasus, instead suggesting a route via Bahrein [Bahrain].3. A translation of a letter from Harford Jones to Meerza Reza Kooli [Mīrzā Rezā Qulī Navā’ī Munshī al-Mamālik, Principal Secretary to the Shah of Persia], repeating the above argument regarding the proposed campaign against the Wahaby4. A translation of a letter from an informant of Harford Jones ‘employed to the Northward’, dated 4 June 1802. The informant reports Russian movements in the Caucasus and the Caspian Sea and developments in Khorassan [Khorasan].Duplicates of these documents are catalogued as IOR/L/PS/9/76/248.Physical description: 1 item (4 folios)
6. Correspondence of Harford Jones
- Description:
- Abstract: This item contains:1. Notes on a meeting between Harford Jones, Resident in Bagdad [Baghdad], and the Pasha [Büyük Sulaymān Pāshā, Governor of Baghdad] on 6 June 1802. The meeting mainly concerns the recent sack of Meshed Hossein [Shrine of Imām Huṣayn bin ‘Alī, Karbala] by the Wahabys [Wahhābī movement] and the possibility of a Persian [Iranian] expedition against the Wahabys via Bagdad. Jones offers to liaise with Persian representatives on the issue.2. A translation of a letter from Harford Jones to Meerza Bozurg [Mīrzā ‘Īsá Khān Farāhānī, Vizier to the Crown Prince of Persia] dated 12 July 1802. Jones advises against a Persian campaign against the Wahaby via Bagdad in light of logistical difficulties and the threat from Russia in the Caucasus, instead suggesting a route via Bahrein [Bahrain].3. A translation of a letter from Harford Jones to Meerza Reza Kooli [Mīrzā Rezā Qulī Navā’ī Munshī al-Mamālik, Principal Secretary to the Shah of Persia], repeating the above argument regarding the proposed campaign against the Wahaby4. A translation of a letter from an informant of Harford Jones ‘employed to the Northward’, dated 4 June 1802. The informfant reports Russian movements in the Caucasus and the Caspian Sea and developments in Khorassan [Khorasan].Duplicates of these documents are catalogued as IOR/L/PS/9/76/256.Physical description: 1 item (5 folios)