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1. 'Memorandum on the French claim to the island of Karrack, by Sir H C Rawlinson'
- Description:
- Abstract: This printed memorandum, compiled on 28 December 1889 by Sir Henry Rawlinson , refers to a Letter from the Foreign Office, dated 20 September 1889. The subject is the alleged cession of the Island of Kharg [Iran] from the Persian Government to France in 1836-37, which seemed improbable and, anyway, would have been annulled by the British conquest of the Island, in 1838.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation for this description commences at f 149, and terminates at f 149, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 5-149; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.
2. Coll 30/77 'Koweit: Persian interference with Koweiti dhows.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file concerns reports of interference with Kuwaiti dhows by Iranian (also referred to as Persian) customs and naval authorities. The papers contain witness statements, letters of protest by the Shaikh of Koweit [Aḥmad al-Jābir Āl Ṣabāḥ, Ruler of Kuwait], reports, discussion of the incidents by British officials, and representations by HM Minister at Tehran (later HM Ambassador, Tehran) to the Government of Iran.The papers concern four main incidents:The arrest of the nakhoda of a Kuwaiti dhow at Kharaj (also referred to as Kharg) Island [Jazīreh-ye Khārk], February 1934 - March 1937 (folios 160-178).The firing on a Kuwaiti dhow by an Iranian launch, near Lingah [Bandar-e-Lengeh], June 1936 - March 1937 (folios 132-158).The seizure of a Kuwaiti dhow by Iranian customs authorities at Qusbeh [Qoşbeh-ye Manī‘āt], February - April 1937 (folios 64-130).The seizure near Lingah of a Kuwaiti dhow (the Furat)outside Iranian territorial waters, by an Iranian naval sloop, thought to be HIMS Babr, February - May 1937 (folios 5-62).Folios 72-110 consist of later correspondence, dated April 1947 - February 1948, also on the subject of interference by Iranian naval vessels with Kuwaiti dhows, which has been misfiled. A note on folio 3 states that the file 'seems to have got out of order'.The file also contains significant correspondence from the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the Political Agent, Kuwait; and the British Consul, Kerman.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 180; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
3. Persian Gulf Affairs
- Description:
- Abstract: Copies of correspondence relating to affairs in the Persian Gulf and Arabian coastline, chiefly British attempts to avert potential conflicts between Arab maritime rulers, the disruption of trade with India, acts of ‘piracy’, and the undermining of British influence in the area.The papers notably cover:Efforts of Captain Samuel Hennell, British Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, to mediate and promote resolution of the dispute between Abdoollah bin Ahmed, [Shaikh ‘Abdullāh bin Aḥmad Āl Khalīfah] Shaik of Bahrein [Bahrain], and his ‘fugitive’ subject Esa bin Tareef [Shaikh ‘Īsá bin Ḥamad bin Ṭarīf Āl Bin 'Alī al-'Utbī] and members of his Al-i-Ally [Āl Bin 'Alī] tribe, who have taken refuge in Abothabee [Abu Dhabi] under the rule of Kuleefa bin Shakboot [Shaikh Khalīfah bin Shakhbūṭ Āl Nahyān], the Shaik of Abothabee [Shaikh of Abu Dhabi]. Includes: the Shaik of Bahrein’s secret pledge allowing all the ‘fugitives’ to resettle on the coast of Gutter [Qatar]; the British restrictive boundary line beyond which Arab maritime operations are ‘forbidden’; the role of the Indian Navy in facilitating negotiations and patrolling the GulfBritish policy with regard to a possible attempt by Khorshid Pasha [Khūrshīd Pāshā, also spelled Khoorshid and Koorsheid, and Pacha, in this volume], Commander-in-Chief of the Egyptian Forces in Nedgee [Najd, also known as Nejd], to conquer the island of Bahrein and ascertainment of the Shaik of Bahrein’s allegianceEvents on the island of Karrack [Kharg, also known as Khark], recently occupied by the British after an incident in Bushire [Būshehr] and deteriorated relations with Meerza Assud [Mirza Assad], Governor of Bushire, notably: the departure in April 1839 of Sheik Nasir [Shaykh Nāṣir] to seek asylum in Koweit [Kuwait]; departure of the Belochee [Balochi] garrison from the fort and its take-over by the British; arrangements by Lieutenant-Colonel James Shirreff, Commanding the Detachment at Karrack, for martial law on the island and his difference of opinion with Hennell regarding the Persian ‘threat’Events in Bushire following the British departure, notably: arrangements for a British presence in the town; conditions at the Residency building; Persian attempts to persuade the British to return there including Hennell’s communications with the Prince of Shiraz, and the latter’s deputing of a negotiator, Mohamed Hussain Khan Sirdar, to promote re-establishment of friendly relations; Hennell’s refusal to return unless Meerza Assad is removed and refuting the latter’s claims that the British navy fired first on his people at Bushire; discussion of whether Mirza Assad was acting independently or upon orders from Shiraz or TehranIntelligence from Meerza [Mirza] Riza, the News Writer at Shiraz concerning purported Persian military operations towards Herat and BushireNaval tour of the Persian Gulf and Arabian coastline by Rear Admiral Sir Frederick Maitland and Lieutenant Edmunds, Assistant Resident Persian Gulf [also referred to as Captain in this volume], to ascertain: the political stance of various sheiks towards each other and the British, and potential for a united coalition against an attacking foe; the resistance capability of Bahrein; and the views of the Bahreini people towards the Egyptians and the British. Includes Maitland’s report, with notes taken by Captain Edmunds, of the meetings held with the different sheiks between 22-30 April 1839 (ff 503-511).The principal correspondents are: Captain Hennell, and John Pollard Willoughby, Secretary to the Government, Bombay [Mumbai].Other correspondents include George Barnes Brucks, Commodore of the Squadron of the Indian Navy in the Persian Gulf; John Croft Hawkins, Commander and Senior Officer, Bushire; and Lieutenant-Colonel Shirreff.There is a note before the papers commence stating: ‘Enclosure in Bombay Secret Letters No. 65-6, dated 18th May 1839, is missing from this collection’.Physical description: The papers are not in chronological order.
4. Persian Gulf Affairs: Incident at Bushire [Būshehr] and Egyptian Manoeuvres Regarding the Island of Bahrein [Bahrain]
- Description:
- Abstract: Copies of correspondence and papers relating to the relocation of the British Residency at Bushire [Būshehr] to the island of Karrack [Khark, also known as Kharg] at the end of March 1839, and the events leading up to it, including:Deterioration of the Political Resident’s relations with Mirza Assad, Governor of Bushire, over: the latter’s alleged attempts to cut off communication between the Residency and the anchored British vessels of war; the ‘unfriendly and insulting’ behaviour towards Rear Admiral Sir Frederick Lewis Maitland, commanding HMS flagship Wellesley; and Mirza Assad’s construction of a tower in the landing place adjacent to the Residency hitherto used by British shipsAccounts, by the Resident, Admiral Maitland, and Commodore George Barnes Brucks, Commanding the Indian Naval Squadron in the Persian Gulf, of the occurrences that took place between 22-29 March 1839, including the fracas on 25 March when shots were fired and a hostile crowd attacked the Admiral with stones (ff 148-158, 174-184, 209-215)Roles of Bakir Khan, Chief of Tungestan [Baqir Khan Tangistani, Chief of Tangistan], the merchants and moollahs [mullahs] of Bushire, and Sheikh Hussain the Cazee [Shaikh Husayn, Qazi of Bushehr], in relation to the Political ResidentRole of the Indian Navy in escorting the Resident and guarding the Residency buildings following the decampment to Karrack, notably reports of Captain John Croft Hawkins, Commander of the EIC Company Sloop of War the Clive, on his negotiations with the Governor of Bushire and the Chief of TungestanCommunications with the Firman Firma, Prince Governor of Fars, Prince at Shiraz [Fereydūn Mīrzā, Farmanfarma, Prince Governor of Fars]Approbation of the Government of India for the Resident’s actions.Also included are copies of correspondence and papers relating to British policy towards HE Khorshid Pasha [Khūrshīd Pāshā], Commander of Egyptian Forces in Nedgd [Najd, also known as Nejd] with regard to the latter’s purported aggressive intentions against the island of Bahreen [Bahrain, also spelled Bahrein in this volume] and in the Persian Gulf. The papers chiefly concern the appointment of Captain Henry Smith, commanding HMS Volage, as both a messenger to Admiral Maitland and potential commander of British vessels of war in the Persian Gulf that could be sent to deter Khorshid Pasha (ff 187-207).The principal correspondents are: Captain Samuel Hennell, Political Resident, Persian Gulf; Captain Hawkins; Commodore Brucks; John Pollard Willoughby, Secretary to the Government, Bombay [Mumbai]; Rear Admiral Maitland; and Captain Smith.Physical description: The papers are not in chronological order.