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13. Enclosure in Letter from Henry Willock to the Secret Committee of 20 Apr 1824
- Description:
- Abstract: A copy of a letter from Henry Willock, HM Chargé d’Affaires in Persia [Iran], to George Canning, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, sent from Tehran and dated 20 April 1824.The letter concerns internal affairs in Persia, in particular:The ascendancy of Abdulla Khan Ameen ed Dowleh [‘Abdullāh Khān Amīn al-Dawlah] at CourtThe efforts of Mirza Abdul Wahab [Mīrzā Abdul Wahāb Nishāt Isfāhānī] and Ali Nukee Mirza [‘Ali Naqī Mīrzā Rokn al-Dawlah] to pacify KhorasanA proposal by some Khorasan chiefs to annexe Herat.The letter was enclosed in Willock’s letter to the Secret Committee of the Court of Directors of the East India Company dated 20 April 1824 (IOR/L/PS/9/69/184).Physical description: 1 item (5 folios)
14. File 52/1912 Pt 1 'Persia Diaries'
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume contains copies of the weekly diary of the British Military Attaché in Meshed [Mashhad]; the weekly consular diary of Britain's Consul in Khorasan; and the weekly consular diary of the Consul for Sistan and Kain.The reports of the Military Attaché in Meshed are divided into the following sections: Communications, Telegraphs, Navigation, Ethnography, Administration, Geography, History, Military and Resources. The Consular diaries are less formulaic and more varied in content, but all contain a political summary.On folio 344, the volume contains a copy of an illustration that depicts the bombardment of the Imam Reza Shrine in Mashhad by Russian forces that took place in 1912. A translation of the Farsi poem that appears around the illustration is contained on folio 343.The volume includes a divider which gives the year that the subject file was opened and the subject heading. This divider is placed at the front of the volume.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 448; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
15. File 52/1912 Pt 2 'Persia Diaries'
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume contains copies of the weekly Meshed [Mashhad] Intelligence Summary, the weekly diary of the British Military Attaché in Meshed [Mashhad]; the weekly consular diary of Britain's Consul in Khorasan; and the weekly consular diary of the Consul for Sistan and Kain.These reports contain details related to regional political and military developments including the movement of Russian forces, news of the First World War, the movement of Austrian prisoners of war that have escaped from Russia, and Russian settlers in Persia. The reports also discuss local outbreaks of violence and crime and internal political developments in Persia including the appointment of government officials and their movements/activities.On folio 108, the volume contains a cutting from The Daily Chronicleregarding Austrian prisoners of war in Southern Russia.The volume includes a divider which gives the year that the subject file was opened and the subject heading. This divider is placed at the front of the volume.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 603; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top centre of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is present between ff 469-513 and is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out. The foliation sequence does not include the front cover, nor does it include the two leading flyleaves. A small insert is attached to f 67 and has been labelled as 67A and counted as a fold-out.
16. File 52/1912 Pt 3 'Persia Diaries'
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume contains copies of the weekly Meshed [Mashhad] Intelligence Summary; the weekly consular diary of Britain's Consul in Khorasan; and the weekly consular diary of the Consul for Sistan and Kain.These reports contain details related to regional political and military developments including the movement of Russian forces, news of the First World War, events in Afghanistan and 'Russian Turkistan' as well as the Russian Revolution of 1917.The reports also discuss local outbreaks of violence, crime, and internal political developments in Persia including the appointment of government officials and their movements/activities as well as news regarding an influenza epidemic in Persia.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 556; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the two leading and ending flyleaves. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
17. File 2984/1920 'PERSIA: TRADE WITH EAST PERSIA [REPORTS & NOTES BY MAJOR TEMPLE]'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains papers relating to Britain’s trade with east Persia [Iran], chiefly comprising reports by Major B Temple, British Vice-Consul, Meshed [Mashhad].Major Temple’s reports cover various aspects of trade including development possibilities, trade routes, foreign competition (notably Russia), local resources, topography and economic geography, types of transport, road and rail networks, telegraph and postal communications, banking facilities, favoured merchants to trade with, merchant and trade conferences, and the political circumstances in Persia and surrounding countries.The papers including the following:‘Report of a Commercial Survey of the East Persian Trade Route between Quetta and Meshed’ by Major Temple, dated 1919, first proof (ff 166-197) and final version (ff 34-60), plus letters regarding revisions made by the Department of Overseas Trade and comments by India Office officials, and a proposal for possible confidential circulation of the report to a limited number of selected British firms‘Political and Economic Report on Khorasan for the year 1919’, forwarded by HM Officiating Consul-General and Agent to the Government of India in Khorasan, to HM Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Tehran, co-authored by the Consul-General (political section) and Major Temple (economic section) (ff 148-159)‘Trade Notes’ by Major Temple, January-February 1920, forwarded by HM Officiating Consul-General and Agent to the Government of India in Khorasan, to HM Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Tehran (ff 138-146)‘Trade Notes’ by Major Temple, February-April 1920 and June 1920, forwarded by HM Officiating Consul-General and Agent to the Government of India in Khorasan, to the Comptroller-General, Department of Overseas Trade, with related letters and notes concerning the potential establishment of a ‘forwarding agency’ at Meshed (ff 17-32)‘Commercial Survey of East Persia’ by Major Temple, forwarded in December 1919 by HM Officiating Consul-General and Agent to the Government of India in Khorasan to the Director of the Department of Overseas Trade (Development and Intelligence), London (ff 62-135)Quarterly Trade Returns for 1920, completed and forwarded by HM Officiating Consul-General and Agent to the Government of India in Khorasan, to the Controller General, Department of Overseas Trade (Development and Intelligence).Papers comprise: printed reports; India Office Political Department registry dividers including notes by India Office officials on groupings of papers; internal letters and notes by India Office officials; and some letters from the Department of Overseas Trade.The volume includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 200; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: multiple additional printed pagination sequences are present in parallel between ff 35-197.
18. File 4500/1920 Pt 2 ‘Persian Situation, July-December 1920’
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume contains correspondence on the political situation in Persia [Iran] from July to December 1920. The correspondence is primarily formed of exchanges between HM Minister in Tehran and the Foreign Office and includes material relating to:The accusations of Sepahdar [Muḥammad Valī Khān Tunikābunī, Sipahdār-i A‘ẓam] against Vossough-ed-Dowleh [Mīrzā Ḥasan Khān Vusūq al-Dawlah], Sarem-ed-Dowleh [Akbar Mīrzā Qājār, Ṣarim al-Dawlah] and Prince Firouz [Fīrūz Mīrzā Fīrūz, Nuṣrat al-Dawlah III] of having received large sums of money in bribes to support the Anglo-Persian AgreementThe recent defeat suffered by the Armenians, the Bolshevik threat posed to the Persian Province of Azerbaijan [Azarbaijan], the possibility of having to evacuate the provincial capital Tabriz, and the belief of General [William Edmund] Ironside that the Bolsheviks and Turks were ‘acting in conjunction’The discussion of the terms of the proposed Soviet-Persian Treaty between HM Minister in Tehran [Herman Cameron] Norman, the Persian Prime Minister and Mīrzā ‘Īsá KhānThe take-over of the Meshed [Mashhad]-Seistan [Sistan] telegraph line by the Indo-European Telegraph Company, the demand of the Persian Government for its restoration, and the Company’s reasons to retain possessionThe proposals of the Soviet Government to that of Persia for an anti-British alliance, conveyed through the Khan of Maku [Murtazā Qulī Khān Bayāt]The dismissal and departure of Colonel [Vsevolod] Staroselsky [Starosselsky], and suppression of demonstrations against the Anglo-Persian AgreementThe demands of the British Government that the Persian Medjliss [Majlis or Parliament] convene as soon as possible to approve the Anglo-Persian Agreement, and refusal to provide additional financial support to the Persian GovernmentThe departure of the Persian Ambassador in Constantinople [Istanbul] for Moscow, with the Persian Government’s demands that the Soviet Government abstain from ‘all interference in Persian affairs [,] provision of moral or material support to Persian insurgents, [and] all propaganda in Persia’The advance made on Resht [Rasht] by the Persian Cossack Brigade, its victory over a Bolshevik detachment and the capture of a cache of documents allegedly proving the deliberate planning of an invasion of Persia by the Soviet Government of AzerbaijanThe victory of the Bolsheviks over the Cossack Brigade at Enzeli [Anzali], the deployment by the British of Norperforce [North Persia Force] to Menjil [Manjil] to hold the line behind the retreating Cossacks, and reports that Kuchik Khan [Mīrzā Kuchak Khān Jangalī] had rejoined the BolsheviksThe departure of Agha Sheikh Mohammed Amin [Āqā Shaikh Muḥammad Amīn] and Seyyid Ahmed Behbaham [Sayyid Aḥmad Bihbahānī] with letters and presents from the Shah [Aḥmad Shāh Qājār] for the Mujtehids [Mujtahids] of Kerbela [Karbala] to issue a Fetva [fatwa] condemning the BolsheviksThe understanding reached between the Persian Government and Kuchik Khan, involving the latter’s submission if a strong force is sent to retake Resht from the BolsheviksThe attack by Persian rebels, supported by Bolsheviks, on the positions of Norperforce, led by General [Hugh Bateman-] Champain, and the latter’s retreat from MenjilThe dispatch of Lieutenant-Colonel Francis Beville Prideaux to Khorasan to assist the Governor-General in defending the province against the incursions of BolsheviksThe appointment of Colonel Starosselsky as commander of all the forces in the Caspian Provinces, and the consequent fall in prestige of British officers in PersiaThe activities of Khudduverdikhan [Khudā Virdī Khān], a Kurdish ex-brigand from Kuchan [Quchan] and prospective future Bolshevik Commissary of Khorasan.Physical description: The foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 356; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
19. File 4500/1920 Pt 3 ‘Persia Situation, Dec 1920-May 1921’
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume contains correspondence relating to the political situation in Persia [Iran] from December 1920 to May 1921. The correspondence is largely formed of exchanges between HM Ambassador in Tehran and the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs. The correspondence in the volume contains material relating to the following matters:The plan for the amalgamation of the three schools of officers, the possible abolition of the ‘Cossack Division’ [Cossack Brigade] and Gendarmerie, and the appointment of the Military Governor of Tehran, Colonel Kazimkhan [Colonel Kāzim Khān Sayyāḥ], as Chief of StaffThe appeal of Farmanfarma [‘Abd al-Ḥusayn Mīrzā Farmānfarmā], through his son, for the British Government to intervene for a settlement with the Persian Government, which would allow Farmanfarma to leave the country immediately, following the overthrowing of the Qajar dynasty in PersiaThe clashes between the Bolsheviks and the Cossack Brigade in Gilan, and the protest made by the Persian Ambassador in Moscow Mushaver-ul-Mamalek [‘Alī Qulī Khān Mas‘ūd Ansārī, Mushāvir al-Mamālik] to the Soviet GovernmentThe march of Bolshevik troops from Julfa to Ordubad in Azerbaijan, aimed at preventing the retreat of the Armenian Army from Zangezur to Persia, and the apparent departure of the Ottoman Turkish and Kurdish allies of Simko [Ismā‘īl Āqā Shakāk, Simkū]The determination of Kuchik Khan [Mīrzā Kuchak Khān Jangalī] to resist any Persian Government advance towards Resht [Rasht], with a combined force of Gilanis, Azerbaijanis, Caucasians, Turks and KurdsThe application of the Persian Prime Minister to the United States Government for advisors with administrative powers, and the possible appointment of William Morgan Shuster as manager of an ‘Agrarian Bank to be turned eventually into a National Bank’The promise of employment from Vosugh-ed-Dowleh [Mīrzā Ḥasan Khān Vusūq al-Dawlah] to Lieutenant-Colonel [Thomas Wolseley] Haig, the postponement of the contract under the government of Mushir-ed-Dowleh [Ḥasan Pīrnīyā, Mushīr al-Dawlah], and the possibility of obtaining a ‘suitable indemnity’ for Haig from the Persian GovernmentThe arrest of Sarem-ed-Dowleh [Akbar Mīrzā Qājār, Ṣarim al-Dawlah], Governor-General of Kermanshah and son of Zill-es-Sultan [Sulṭān Mas‘ūd Mīrzā Qājār, Zill al-Sulṭān]The withdrawal of Norperforce with the exception of a number of officers, and the takeover of certain positions by Persian forces to hold the front against the BolsheviksThe arrest of the Governor-General of Khorasan, Kavam-us-Sultaneh [Aḥmad Qavām, Qavām al-Salṭanah] and some of the notables of Meshed [Mashhad] by the GendarmerieA clash between the forces of Simko, apparently carrying the Turkish flag, and a force of Persian Cossacks, reinforced with a body of gendarmes and horsemen, and the order of the Government at Angora [Ankara] for all Turkish forces to withdraw from Persian AzerbaijanThe request of the Shah of Persia [Aḥmad Shāh Qājār] from the Prime Minister to agree to his early departure for Europe on grounds of illnessThe treaty between the Soviet Government and the Government of Persia, negotiated by Mushaver-ul-Mamalek and the President of the Council [Muḥammad Valī Khān Tunikābunī, Sipahdār-i Aʿẓam]The decision of the Persian Government to allow the Anglo-Persian Agreement of 1919 to lapse, because the drastic changes in the political situation had made it counterproductiveThe proposals for the reconstruction of the Persian Army, including the provision of surplus hardware and ammunition, and British officers for training and leadershipThe coup d’état carried out by the President in Council and Reza Khan [Rezā Khān Savādkūhī] (Persian Cossack Commander), and the arrest of officials suspected of corruption including Farmanfarma ‘pending disgorgement [of] all ill-gotten gains’A proposal for the establishment of a Perso-British-Azerbaijani commission to arrange the simultaneous withdrawal of British and Bolshevik forces from PersiaThe formation of a new government by Sipahdar, including Mohtashem-es-Sultani [Mīrzā Ḥasan Khān Isfandīyarī, Muḥtasham al-Salṭanah] as Minister of Foreign Affairs, and the retirement of Vahidul Mulk [Mīrzā ‘Abd al-Ḥusayn Shaybānī, Vaḥīd al-Mulk]The pilgrimage of Nosret ed Dowleh [Fīrūz Mīrzā Fīrūz, Nuṣrat al-Dawlah III] to Kazimain [Kazimayn], Kerbela [Karbala] and Najaf, and his procurement of a fatwa from the Chief Mujtahide [Mujtahid] pronouncing Bolshevism to be incompatible with IslamThe diplomatic activities of Sir Percy [Zachariah] Cox and the perception of an opportunity for Britain to transform and restore the authority of the Persian Government.The volume also contains a memorandum on the withdrawal of British forces from North-West Persia and its possible ramifications to inform future policy (ff 443-447).The volume includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: The foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 510; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The volume also contains multiple original foliation sequences.
20. File 4500/1920 Pt 5 ‘Persia: Situation (January 1922-3)’
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume contains correspondence on the political situation in Persia [Iran] from December 1921 to December 1923. It is primarily formed of exchanges between HM Minister in Tehran (Sir Percy Loraine) and the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (George Nathaniel Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston). It includes material relating to the following matters:The resignation of Mushir-ed-Dowleh [Ḥasan Pīrnīyā, Mushīr al-Dawlah] as President of the Council and his replacement by Serdar Sepah [Rezā Khān Savādkūhī, Sardār-i Sipah]The departure of the Shah of Persia [Aḥmad Shāh Qājār] for Europe, arranged through the mediation of HM Minister in Tehran with Serdar SepahThe position of the Persian tribes south of the Tehran-Khanikin [Khanaqin] road and the plans of the Minister of War [Sardār-i Sipah] for dealing with themThe arrest of former Prime Minister, Qawam-es-Sultaneh [Aḥmad Qavām, Qavām al-Salṭanah], in connection with a plot to assassinate the Minister of WarThe fall of the cabinet of Mustaufi-ul-Mamalek [Mīrzā Ḥasan Āshtīyānī, Muṣtawfī al-Mamālik]The appointment of the new Prime Minister, Mustaufi-ul-Mamalek, and the announcement of his eight-point programme to the Persian Medjliss [Majlis, or Parliament]The dissatisfaction with Qawam’s conduct of affairs in the Medjliss, his failure to reach an agreement with the Soviet Union, and the fall of Qawam-es-Sultaneh’s GovernmentThe reconciliation brought about between Soulet-ed-Dowleh [Ismā‘īl Khān Qashqāy, Ṣawlat al-Dawlah], de facto Ilkhani of the Keshgais [Qashqāys] and Qawam-ul-Mulk [Ibrāhīm Khān Qavām, Qavām al-Mulk V], head of the Khamseh [Khamsah] TribesThe communique issued by Reza Khan [Reżā Khān], the Minister of War, assuming the entire responsibility for the coup d’etat of Sayyid Zia ed Din [Sayyid Ziyāʾ al-Dīn Ṭabāṭabāʾī Yazdī]The relations between Loraine and the Bakhtiari Khans, including Sasam es Saltaneh [Najaf Qulī Khān Bakhtīyārī, Ṣamṣam al-Salṭanah], Sardar Jang [Naṣīr Khān Bakhtīyārī, Sardar-i Jang], and Sardar Ashjaa [Sulṭān Muḥammad Khān Bakhtīyārī, Sardar-i Ashjaʾ]A raid carried out by Sardar Naser Sanjabi [Qāsim Khān Sanjābī, Sardār-i Nāsir] and Sardar Rashid [‘Abbās Khān Ardalān, Sardār-i Rashīd] against Sayyid-ud-Daulah [Sayyīd Qaydār Hāshimī, Sayyid al-Dawlah] and the Waladbegi [Valadbaygī] Tribe.The volume also includes memoranda and records of interviews and conversations with the War Minister, Reza Khan, on 17 August 1922 (f 127), 15 July 1922 (ff 168-170), 14 and 15 May 1922 (ff 193-196), 14 April 1922 (ff 216-220), 22 January 1922 (ff 272-274); the Valiahd [Valī ‘Ahd, or Crown Prince, Muḥammad Ḥasan Mīrzā Qājār], June 1922 (ff 156-164); and the Bakhtiari Khans mentioned above on 2 January 1922 (ff 246-249).Physical description: The foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 307; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
21. Copy of a Letter from Captain John Malcolm, Representative of the Government of India to Persia, to the Secret Committee
- Description:
- Abstract: A copy of a letter from Captain John Malcolm, Envoy of the Supreme Government of India to Persia [Iran], to the Secret Committee of the Court of Directors of the East India Company, sent from Abou Sheher [Būshehr] and dated 20 April 1800. The letter describes Malcolm’s reception in Abou Sheher and attempts to contact the King [Shah] of Persia [Fath-'Ali Shāh Qājār], as well as the situation in Khorasan and the activities of Zeman Shah [Zamān Shāh Durrāni] of Afghanistan.Physical description: 1 item (4 folios)
22. Copy of a Letter from Captain John Malcolm, Representative of the Government of India to Persia, to the Secret Committee
- Description:
- Abstract: A copy of a letter from Captain John Malcolm, Envoy of the Supreme Government of India to Persia [Iran], to the Secret Committee of the Court of Directors of the East India Company, sent from a camp near Shiraz [Shirāz] and dated 29 June 1800. The letter reports: the progress of the King [Shah] of Persia's [Fath-'Ali Shāh Qājār] campaign to establish control over Khorasan; the King's intention to advance on Meshed [Mashhad] and its Governor Nader Meerza [Nādir Mirza Afshār]; and overtures to the King from Zuman Shah [Zamān Shāh Durrāni] of Afghanistan.Physical description: 1 item (2 folios)
23. Copy of a Letter from Captain John Malcolm, Representative of the Government of India to Persia, to the Secret Committee
- Description:
- Abstract: A copy of a letter from Captain John Malcolm, Envoy of the Supreme Government of India to Persia [Iran], to the Secret Committee of the Court of Directors of the East India Company, sent from Shirauz [Shirāz] and dated 10 August 1800. The letter concerns: the progress of the King [Shah] of Persia’s [Fath-'Ali Shāh Qājār] campaign to establish control over Khorasan; the movements of Zemaun Shah [Zamān Shāh Durrāni] of Afghanistan; and Malcolm's situation in Shirauz.Physical description: 1 item (2 folios)
24. Copy of a Letter from Captain John Malcolm, Representative of the Government of India to Persia, to the Secret Committee
- Description:
- Abstract: A copy of a letter from Captain John Malcolm, Envoy of the Supreme Government of India to Persia [Iran], to the Secret Committee of the Court of Directors of the East India Company, sent from Shiraz [Shirāz] and dated 16 June 1800. The letter reports Malcolm's arrival and reception in Shiraz, as well as the situation in Afghanistan and Khorasan and the activities of Zeman Shah [Zamān Shāh Durrāni].Physical description: 1 item (4 folios)
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