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49. Coll 30/89(1) 'OIL. KOWEIT: Shipments of Oil from Koweit'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file concerns a number of administrative issues in relation to oil exports from Koweit [Kuwait].The papers cover: advice on the signing of certificates for shipments of oil to France and French possessions, 1946; correspondence concerning a request from the Ministry of Fuel and Power for monthly statistics of oil shipments from Kuwait; and discussion of the legal basis for the issue of oil export licences by the Political Agents at Bahrein [Bahrain] and Kuwait.The main correspondents are the Ministry of Fuel and Power and the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf.The French language content of the file consists of single certificate (folio 31).The file also contains one document, dated April 1940, of an earlier date than the main date range (folio 31).The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 31; these numbers are printed, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers.
50. Coll 7/42 'Persian Gulf: arms smuggling from Koweit [Kuwait] into Iraq'
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence regarding allegations made by the Iraqi authorities that arms and ammunition are being smuggled into Iraq from Koweit [Kuwait]. The principal correspondents are: HM Ambassador at Baghdad (Archibald Clark Kerr, later Maurice Peterson); the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Trenchard Craven Fowle); the Political Agent, Kuwait (Captain Gerald de Gaury); the Secretary of State for India; and the Government of India External Affairs Department.The correspondence discusses the following: visits made by the Iraqi Minister for Foreign Affairs (Naji al Asil, and later Taufiz Suwaidi) to Kuwait in 1936 and 1939, to discuss the alleged smuggling and possible measures to be adopted by Kuwait; reports of alleged smuggling incidents; reports made by the Political Agent, Kuwait, that Saudi Arabs are smuggling arms through Kuwaiti territory; reports on the general increase of arms being smuggled from the Red Sea coast; a suggestion by the Iraqi Foreign Minister that Iraq and Kuwait could form a customs union, or adopt combined preventive operations, in order to curtail the smuggling; requests made by the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf that the Iraqi Government present evidence to substantiate their claims; and reports on the smuggling of firearms to Palestine through Akaba [Al 'Aqabah].The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the end of the correspondence (folio 2).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 118; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
51. Coll 30/67 'Koweit & H.M.G.: Policy of H.M.G. in regard to relations with the Shaikh of Koweit.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file concerns British Government (HMG) policy on relations with the Shaikh of Koweit [Aḥmad al-Jābir Āl Ṣabāḥ, Ruler of Kuwait].The file contains correspondence, minutes and memoranda produced by senior officials at the Foreign Office and the India Office; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Trenchard Craven William Fowle); the British Minister at Jedda [Jeddah] (Sir Andrew Ryan); and other British officials.The papers cover: India Office summary of events in Kuwait, 1908-28 (folios 345-351); minutes and discussion of a meeting held at the Foreign Office on 5 October 1934 to discuss relations between the British Government and the Shaikh of Kuwait (final record of meeting, folios 209-218); the question of whether the British should declare a protectorate over Kuwait; relations between the Sheikh of Kuwait and Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd]; the question of the blockade of Kuwait by Saudi Arabia; Kuwait oil (including India Office paper concerning the Shaikh's entering into negotiations over an oil concession without first consulting the British Government, folios 153-158); discussion of British control over Kuwait's foreign relations (e.g. letters from the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, folios 132-136, and the British Minister at Jeddah, folios 116-119, and minutes of a meeting at the Foreign Office on 2 September 1936, folios 104-108); Eastern Department, Foreign Office paper on future policy in regard to Kuwait (folios 78-84); minutes of informal departmental meeting held at the Foreign Office on 18 May 1937, including discussion of the Shaikh of Kuwait's date gardens, and the possible use of Kuwait as a naval base (folios 42-52); discussion of a newspaper article highlighting the strategic importance of Kuwait (folios 29-31); and a letter from the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf to the India Office, dated 16 August 1937, including discussion of the need to keep Kuwait independent of both Iraq and Saudi Arabia, and the possible use of Kuwait as an air base (folios 14-23).The file includes some papers of an earlier date than the main correspondence date range: India Office paper on Kuwait dated 1928 (folios 345-351), and copy of lease dated 1907 (folios 328-344).The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 352; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
52. Coll 5/88 ‘Persian Gulf Air Services: "Air India" Service and "Iraqi Airways" Service to Koweit’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains papers related to requests from Iraqi Airways and Air India Limited to operate services calling at Bahrain, Koweit [Kuwait], and Sharjah. The papers therefore address the question of the facilities that can be provided for civil aviation at these landing grounds. Particular attention is given to conditions at the Koweit aerodrome, which is maintained by the Kuwait Oil Company. Towards the front of the file is a small amount of correspondence related to a request from Syrian Airways to land at Koweit.The main correspondents are as follows: HM Ambassador to Iraq (Sir Hugh Stonehewer Bird), the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (William Rupert Hay and Arnold Crawshaw Galloway), officials of the Ministry of Civil Aviation, and officials of the India Office (the Commonwealth Relations Office from August 1947).The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 88; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
53. Coll 30/99 'Koweit & Bahrain Nationality. Date of institution of.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file concerns a request from the Iraqi Ministry of Foreign Affairs for information concerning the date of the independence of Koweit [Kuwait] and Bahrain from Ottoman control, and therefore the date at which the nationality of the two states commenced.Various views are advanced in the correspondence by British officials, including those of Gilbert Laithwaite of the India Office, the Foreign Office, and the British Embassy, Bagdad [Baghdad]; and the issue is said to be a complex one, particularly in the case of Kuwait.The file includes official diplomatic statements, dated 1938, of the British Government's position with regard to the date of inception of Bahraini nationality (folio 30), and Kuwaiti nationality (folio 6).The papers also cover the issue of conscription for Iraqi military service of persons claiming Bahraini and Kuwaiti nationality, including (folios 7-11 and 4) a member of the Kuwait ruling family.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 97; these numbers are printed, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers.
54. Miscellaneous Correspondence, Notes, and Newspaper Cuttings Relating to Persia
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains miscellaneous papers, mostly correspondence, notes, and newspaper cuttings, mainly relating to Persia [Iran]. The papers largely relate to Russian influence in Persia, and include papers concerning railway construction in Persia.The correspondence consists of letters addressed to George Nathaniel Curzon from various individuals, and correspondence between other individuals, including printed copies of correspondence of the Marquess of Salisbury, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, with British officials including Henry Mortimer Durand, HM Minister at Tehran.The newspaper cuttings are from newspapers including: The Englishman; Daily Chronicle; the Civil and Military Gazette; The Times; The Madras Mail; The Pioneer; The Statesman; and The Morning Post.The file also includes a few documents relating to Koweit [Kuwait] (folios 55 to 56, and folios 49 to 52).The file includes a copy of the publication Revue Franco-Persane Économique et Politique Paraissant Tous Les Mois[Franco-Persian Economic and Political Review Published Every Month], dated June 1900, which is in French (folios 101 to 109).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 125; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
55. Notes Prepared for Reference during Curzon’s Tour of the Persian Gulf, and Other Papers on Persia and the Persian Gulf
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains papers relating to Persia [Iran] and the Persian Gulf, including a document entitled ‘Notes on current topics prepared for reference during his Excellency the Viceroy’s tour in the Persian Gulf, November 1903.’ It also includes printed extracts of letters relating to the tour from Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Arnold Kemball, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, and Major Percy Zachariah Cox, Political Agent at Maskat [Muscat], dated August to October 1903.In addition, the file includes the following papers:Handwritten notes by George Nathaniel Curzon, Viceroy of India, including notes on Muscat, Koweit [Kuwait], and the Mekran [Makran] CoastMemoranda concerning KoweitA copy of a letter from Colonel Charles Edward Yate, Agent to the Governor-General and Chief Commissioner in Baluchistan, to the Secretary to the Government of India Foreign Department, forwarding the camp diary kept during his tour in Makran and Las Bela, from 1 December 1901 to 25 January 1902A copy of a 'Report on a Journey from India to the Mediterranean via the Persian Gulf, Baghdad and the Euphrates Valley, including a Visit to the Turkish Dependency of El Hasa' by Captain J A Douglas, Staff Captain, Intelligence Branch, Quarter Master General’s Department in India, 1897 (which includes three sketch maps: Mss Eur F111/358, f 138; Mss Eur F111/358, f 158; and Mss Eur F111/358, f 141).Folios 232 to 338 largely consist of printed copies of correspondence between Sir (Henry) Mortimer Durand, HM Minister at Teheran [Tehran], and the Marquess of Salisbury (Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil), Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, dated 1895-1896, relating to Persia.The file includes a copy of a Collective Letter addressed by the Turkish, British and French Consuls to the Valiahd regarding the Tabriz Riots, 5 August 1895, which is in French (folios 332).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 339; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
56. File 57/1928 Pt 2 'Iraq-Nejd Relations: Frontier Situation'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume concerns the situation on the frontier of Iraq and Nejd [Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd], in particular the attitude of Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] and the impact of raids by the Akhwan [Ikhwan] (also referred to as 'Wahabis').The papers cover: the role of the Royal Air Force (RAF) in the defence of Iraq and Koweit [Kuwait]; extracts from the report of the Administrative Inspector, Muntafiq Liwa for the year 1927, concerning raids by the Akhwan, and the situation on the frontier (folios 607-614); correspondence from Ibn Saud, and statements of replies to his allegations and arguments compiled by the High Commissioner for Iraq; the role of the Royal Navy in the defence of Kuwait; the defence of Iraq in general, including the use of armoured cars; proposals to send an Arab emissary to Ibn Saud; reports of Akhwan raids and losses; the defence of Kuwait in general; the threat of a British blockade against Hasa ports; the implementation of the Uqair Protocol; the movements and activities of various tribes, including the Mutair; defence of the Transjordan frontier; proposals for the creation of an Iraqi camel force; report by Captain John Bagot Glubb, Administrative Inspector, Diwaniyah, entitled 'Organisation of the Defended Line', with annotations (folios 211-221); proposals for negotiations between Sir Gilbert Falkingham Clayton and Ibn Saud; a paper entitled 'A Short History of 'Iraq-Najd Relations from about the Time of the Fall of Hail to Ibn Sa'ud's Protest against the Establishment of the 'Iraq Police Post at Busaiyah.' (folios 134-152); report on the 'Origin of the Busaiyah Post' (folios 130-131); raids from Transjordan into Nejd, resulting in protests from the Government of Nejd and Hejaz; and correspondence concerning the alleged reinforcement of the frontier by the Iraqi Government, August 1928.The file includes correspondence from: the High Commissioner for Iraq, the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, HM Consul and Agent, Jeddah, and the Colonial Office.The file includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 617; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-568; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
57. File 1247/1912 Pts 1-2 'KOWEIT & MOHAMMERAH ANGLO-TURKISH AGREEMENT'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume comprises two parts discussing the Anglo-Turkish Agreement of 1913 and especially the negotiations with the Shaikh of Koweit [Kuwait] and Shaikh of Mahommera [Khorramshahr] with respect to their boundaries with Turkey.The volume comprises parts 1 and 2 of 2. Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, year the subject file was opened, subject heading, and list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 210; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 3-85 and between ff 86-208; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence.
58. File 1855/1904 Pt 5 'Koweit: Coal depot.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains part 5 of the subject 'Koweit' [Kuwait].The principal correspondents are the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Lieutenant-Colonel Percy Zachariah Cox); the Political Agent at Kuwait (Major Stuart George Knox, later Captain William Henry Irvine Shakespear); the Commander-in-Chief, East Indies Station (Rear-Admiral Edmond John Warre Slade); the Senior Naval Officer, Persian Gulf; the Public Works Department, Bombay Castle; and senior officials at the Foreign Office, the India Office, the Government of India, and the Admiralty.The papers cover: the proposal (made by Sir Nicholas Roderick O'Conor, British Ambassador at Constantinople) to establish a coal depot at Kuwait after the withdrawal by the Government of the Ottoman Empire from British steamship companies of coaling privileges at Basra, and the move rendered unnecessary after the restoration of those privileges, April-August 1905, (ff 158-181); the proposal by the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Cox) to replace the coal depot for British naval ships at Bushire with one at Kuwait, May 1907 - January 1908 (ff 153-157); the selection by the Government of India of a suitable site at Kuwait (with maps and plans, folios 125, 126, 128), and the approval of the Admiralty and Foreign Office, July 1908 - August 1910 (ff 106-152); further correspondence, plans, and estimates, including a memorandum dated 31 March 1911 (ff 88-94) by the Commander-in-Chief, East Indies Station (Slade), criticising plans for the proposed coal depot as being on too large a scale, and the proposal deferred pending the outcome of negotiations with the Turkish Government, August 1910 - May 1913 (ff 36-105); Foreign Office approval for the immediate transfer of the coal depot from Bushire to Kuwait, January-August 1915 (ff 15-35); and the decision by the Government of India to postpone the transfer until the end of the [First World] war, November-December 1916 (ff 3-14).Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.The date range gives the covering dates of all the documents in the volume, including the Secret (later Political and Secret) Department minute/reference papers, which are dated 1905-17.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 181; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.
59. File 1855/1904 Pt 1-2 'Koweit.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains parts 1 and 2 of the subject 'Koweit' [Kuwait].Part 1 (IOR/L/PS/10/47/1) concerns the installation (and temporary withdrawal) of a Political Agent at Kuwait.Part 2 (IOR/L/PS/10/47/2) concerns proposals for, and the eventual establishment of, a Post Office in Kuwait.Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.The date range gives the covering dates of all the documents in the volume; the Secret, (later Political and Secret) Department minute/reference papers, which enclose those documents, are dated 1904-15.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 300; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
60. File 619/1907 Pt 3 'Arms Traffic:- Koweit Trade.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume discusses the work of British political and naval authorities in the Persian Gulf in suppressing the trafficking arms and ammunition, particularly from Muscat to Koweit [Kuwait]. Included are reports of searches undertaken on vessels suspected of trafficking of arms, including inventories of seized goods, and records of land attacks undertaken on arms depots and caches along the Gulf coastline.The later correspondence discusses the discovery of arms and ammunitions being smuggled into Koweit within cases of loaf sugar (sugarloaf), and attempts to identify those responsible for sending and receiving the smuggled goods.The principal correspondents include the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Charles Arnold Kemball, and Percy Zachariah Cox); the Political Agent and Consul at Muscat (William George Grey, and Frank McConaghey); the Political Agent at Kuwait (Stuart George Knox, and William Henry Irvine Shakespear); the Secretary to the Government of India in the Foreign Department (Hugh Shakespear Barnes, Sir Louis William Dane, and Spencer Harcourt Butler); the Secretaries of State for Foreign Affairs (Sir Edward Grey) and India (Lord George Francis Hamilton, William St John Fremantle Brodrick, John Morley, Viscount Morley of Blackburn); the Viceroy of India; the Commander-in-Chief of the East Indies Station (Edmond John Warre Slade, and Richard Henry Peirse); the Secretary to the Government of India in the Marine Department (Malcolm Henry Stanley Grover); the Senior Naval Officer in the Persian Gulf (Victor Gallafent Gurner, Charles Pipon Beaty-Pownall, and James C Tancard); and representatives of the Foreign Office, the India Office and the Admiralty.This is part 3 of 10. Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 358; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Condition: The spine has become detached and has been placed in a plastic sleeve and placed after the last folio of the volume. It has been foliated with the number 357.