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1. ‘Advance to Baghdad – Political Considerations. Note by Political Department, India Office.’
- Description:
- Abstract: Note written by John Evelyn Shuckburgh, Assistant Secretary of the Political Department, India Office, on the political and strategic importance that would be associated with British forces taking Baghdad, and the likely political and strategic injury that the British would incur should they fail to take Baghdad. Following Shuckburgh’s note is a reply, written by the Secretary of the Political Department, Sir (Frederic) Arthur Hirtzel, dated 6 October 1915, concurring with Shuckburgh’s assessment, and commenting on the chances of withdrawal from Kut-el-Amara [Kut al Amara] should sufficient Turco-German troops be fielded in the region.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation for this description commences at f 119, and terminates at f 119, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and won't be found in the same position as the main sequence.
2. 'Kut.' Photographer: Wilfrid Malleson
- Description:
- Abstract: Genre/Subject Matter:View of Kut. A large group of people can be seen at right and centre along the shoreline and in the background, with smaller groups of people at left. Low-lying buildings and at least one minaret are visible in the background.Inscriptions:Ink, below image: 'Kut.'Pencil, above image at right: ‘32’; ‘10’Physical description: Dimensions:101 x 132 mmCondition:The print is in good condition with minor surface dirt throughout.Foliation:‘32’
3. 'Kut.' Photographer: Wilfrid Malleson
- Description:
- Abstract: Genre/Subject Matter:View of Kut. Several sailing boats are moored along the shoreline, where low-lying buildings and a minaret are visible.Inscriptions:Ink, below image: 'Kut.'Physical description: Dimensions:134 x 188 mmCondition:The print is in good condition with minor surface dirt throughout.Foliation:‘32’
4. 'Koweit'
- Description:
- Abstract: Memorandum, written by Colin George Campbell, 31 December 1900, about Koweit [Kuwait], including a brief historical introduction and detailed information for the years 1896, 1897, 1898, 1899, and 1900. Topics discussed include Mubarak al-Sabah [Mubārak bin Ṣabāḥ Āl Ṣabāḥ] having murdered his father (Muḥammad I Al Ṣabāḥ) and claimed his position as Shaikh of Kuwait; the involvement of Kuwaiti subjects in piratical acts; a request by the Shaikh in 1897 for Koweit to be placed under British protection in a similar manner to Bahrein [Bahrain]; Turkish claims to Koweit; the decision in 1899 to obtain an agreement with the Shaikh of Kuwait not to 'cede, lease, mortgage or otherwise alienate or give for occupation any portion of his territories to the Government or subjects of any other Power without previously obtaining the consent of Her Majesty's Government'; Russian interest in Koweit and Turkish movements in relation to it in1899, including attempts to appoint Turkish citizens to posts there; German interest in establishing a railway link to Bagdad [Baghdad] which would include Busrah [Basra] and Koweit; Shaikh Mubarak's relations with Sheikh Abdur Rahman bin Faisal [ʻAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Fayṣal Āl Saʻūd] and Koweiti involvement in the affairs of Nejd [Najd]; and the strengthening of Shaikh Mubarak's position with Turkey and the Porte since the appointment of Mohsin Pasha as Vali at Busreh.The margins of the memorandum contain cross-references to official correspondence with the Government of India and Foreign Office.An appendix to the memorandum, on folio 6, contains:Translation of Arabic bond, signed by Malcolm John Meade, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, and Mubarak Al-Sabah, Shaikh of Kuwait, 23 January 1899Translation of Arabic letter, 23 January 1899, from Lieutenant-Colonel Malcolm John Meade, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, to Sheikh Mubarak-bin-Sabah, Sheikh of Kuwait regarding the signing of the agreement as given in the Arabic bond.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation sequence consists of pencil numbers, enclosed in a circle, located in the top right hand corner of the recto of each folio. The sequence begins on the first folio, with number 1, and ends on the last folio, with number 6.
5. 'Map Showing British Position on the Tigris 13th. December, 1916.'
- Description:
- Abstract: Created by the War Office. Covers a twenty-five mile length of the River Tigris, to a width of approximately ten miles, from Kut [Al-Kut] to Wadi [Nahr Wadi] in present-day eastern Iraq. Created to support the Allied relief of Kut against Turkish forces. Portrays hydrology, roads and tracks, railways, river crossings, settlements, ruins, place names, military installations and British and Turkish positions. The margin bears the series designation 'G[eographical].S[ection].,G[eneral].S[taff]. No. 2811a.'Map overprinted on to base map of 'G[eographical].S[ection].,G[eneral].S[taff]. No. 2811' dated '1.3.16' and still bearing the title 'Sketch Map showing Enemy's Position Wadi to Kut' (filed at Mss Eur F112/555, f 4).Verso bears the annotation 'Kut'.Physical description: Materials: Printed in colourDimensions: 300 x 420mm, on sheet 381 x 555mm
6. 'Map Showing British Position on the Tigris 31st. January, 1917.'
- Description:
- Abstract: Created by the War Office. Covers a twenty-five mile length of the River Tigris, to a width of approximately ten miles, from Kut [Al-Kut] to Wadi [Nahr Wadi] in present-day eastern Iraq. Created to support the Allied relief of Kut against Turkish forces. Portrays hydrology, roads and tracks, railways, river crossings, settlements, ruins, place names, military installations and British and Turkish positions. The margin bears the series designation 'G[eographical].S[ection].,G[eneral].S[taff]. No. 2811a.'Map overprinted on to base map of 'G[eographical].S[ection].,G[eneral].S[taff]. No. 2811' dated '1.3.16' and still bearing the title 'Sketch Map showing Enemy's Position Wadi to Kut' (filed at Mss Eur F112/555, f 4).Another copy is filed at 48505.(6.).Physical description: Materials: Printed in colourDimensions: 300 x 420mm, on sheet 381 x 555mm
7. 'Map showing Enemy's Position at east end of Suwaicha Marsh'
- Description:
- Abstract: Created by the War Office. Covers a one-mile length of the River Tigris in the vicinity of Suwaicha Marsh, six miles east of Kut [Al-Kut] in present-day eastern Iraq. Shows detail on the left bank only, to a distance of approximately half a mile. Created to support the Allied relief of Kut and against Turkish forces. Portrays hydrology and the position of Turkish and Allied defences. The margin bears the series designation 'G[eographical].S[ection].,G[eneral].S[taff]. No. 2812' and date '1.3.16'. The map face bears the printed note 'General Staff, I[ndian]. E[xpeditionary].F[orce]."D." 26.1.16. Map Serial No. 108'.Verso bears the annotation 'Kut al Amara'.Another copy is filed at 48505.(6.).Physical description: Materials: Printed in colourDimensions: 385 x 557mm, on sheet 460 x 632mm
8. 'Sketch Map showing Enemy's Position Wadi to Kut'
- Description:
- Abstract: Created by the War Office. Covers a twenty-five mile length of the River Tigris, to a width of approximately ten miles, from Kut [Al-Kut] to Wadi [Nahr Wadi] in present-day eastern Iraq. Created to support the Allied relief of Kut and associated Battle of Dujailah against Turkish forces. Portrays hydrology, roads and tracks, river crossings, settlements, ruins, place names, military installations and British and Turkish positions. The margin bears the series designation 'G[eographical].S[ection].,G[eneral].S[taff]. No. 2811' and date '1.3.16'. The map face bears the printed note 'General Staff, I[ndian]. E[xpeditionary].F[orce]."D." 1.2.16. Map Serial No. 107'.Verso bears the annotation 'Kut'.Other copies are filed at 48080.(7.) and 48505.(7.).Physical description: Materials: Printed in colourDimensions: 300 x 420mm, on sheet 371 x 528mm
9. ‘WAR DIARY. ARMY HEADQUARTERS, INDIA. […] I.E.F. “D”. Volume 18. PART II. (From 16th to 31st January 1916).’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains a chronological list of brief summaries of papers relating to the activities of the Indian Expeditionary Force D (also known as the Mesopotamia Expeditionary Force) between 16 and 31 January 1916. This is accompanied by appendices containing copies and extracts of these papers, which include: letters, telegrams, notes, tables, and memoranda.A summary of the contents of this volume can be found at the start of IOR/L/MIL/17/5/3244. The volume concerns:Appreciations [reports] and intelligence summaries from the Directorate of Military OperationsThe advance of General Fenton AylmerBattle of Umm-ul-Hannah [Hanna] and subsequent evacuation of the woundedConsideration of a proposal to introduce French troops into MesopotamiaSupply of river craft and other military supplies including aircraftOil exportsReinforcements for Force D, especially reinforcements for the Royal Flying CorpsConsideration of how the Tigris flood season would affect operationsConclusions from an interview between Lieutenant-Colonel Percy Zachariah Cox, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, and Bin Sa’ud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] and the Shaikh of Kuwait [Shaikh Jābir II al-Mubārak Āl Ṣabāḥ] in December 1915Speculation about how long General Charles Townsend’s supplies inside Kut would lastA discussion about the speed of post to and from MesopotamiaProposed future re-organisation of Force D.The following tables appear:The distribution of the troops in Force D on folios 14-18 and 154-155The strength of Force D on folios 67-68, 98, and 137Distribution of the Turkish [Ottoman] Army on folios 106-111Embarkation statement for troops which embarked at Bombay [Mumbai] and Karachi for Basrah [Basra], in January 1916 on folios 169-178.Physical description: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 180; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 3-178; these numbers are printed and are located in the bottom centre of the recto side of each folio.Dimensions: 21 x 33cm
10. ‘WAR DIARY. ARMY HEADQUARTERS, INDIA. […] I.E.F. “D”. Volume 21. PART II. (From 16th to 30th April 1916.)’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains a chronological list of brief summaries of papers relating to the activities of the Indian Expeditionary Force D (also known as the Mesopotamia Expeditionary Force) between 16 and 30 April 1916. This is accompanied by appendices containing copies and extracts of these papers, which include letters, memoranda, telegrams, and intelligence summaries and appreciations [reports] from the Directorate of Military Operations.A summary of the contents can be found at the start of IOR/L/MIL/17/5/3250. The volume mostly relates to:Efforts for the relief of Kut [Al-Kut], negotiations with the Turkish [Ottoman] forces, and the surrender of the British garrisonUpdates from the Tigris and Euphrates linesSupplies and equipment for Force D, including ammunition and river craftMedical arrangements in Mesopotamia, including the need for more staff, equipment, and stores, and plans for evacuating the sick and wounded. It includes weekly sick returns for 25 March (f 32) and 1 April (ff 146-147)Reinforcements for Force DPlans for the construction of a railway between Basrah [Basra] and NasiriyahThe movements and dispositions of Turkish and German troopsThe operations of Russian forces.The following tables appear:Composition of Force D (ff 38-42)The strengths of units in Force D (ff 76-87, ff 174-177)Statement showing provision of river craft for Force D (ff 92-96)Statement showing the reinforcements that embarked for Basrah (ff 188-199).The vast majority of material in the volume dates from 16-30 April 1916, but there is also a small amount of material which dates from February, March and 1-15 April 1916.Physical description: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 201; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 3-199; these numbers are printed and are located in the bottom centre of the recto side of each folio.Dimensions: 21 x 33cm
11. ‘WAR DIARY. ARMY HEADQUARTERS, INDIA. […] I.E.F. “D”. Volume 22. PART I. (From 1st to 15th May 1916.)’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains a chronological list of brief summaries of papers relating to the activities of the Indian Expeditionary Force D (also known as the Mesopotamia Expeditionary Force) between 1 and 15 May 1916. This is accompanied by appendices containing copies and extracts of these papers, which include letters, memoranda, telegrams, despatches and appreciations [reports] from the Directorate of Military Operations.A summary of the contents of this volume can be found at folios 8-10. The volume mostly relates to:Negotiations with Khalil Pasha [Halil (Kut) Pāshā, also rendered in the volume as Khalil Bey or Khalil], following the surrender of Kut [Al-Kut], for the return of the sick and wounded from the Kut Garrison in exchange for Turkish [Ottoman] prisonersDetails of the return of the sick and wounded from KutUpdates from the Tigris and Euphrates linesReinforcements for Force DSupplies and equipment for Force DThe provision of river craft, aircraft, and hospital ships for Force DPlans for the construction of the railway from Basrah [Basra] to NasiriyahIntelligence concerning Turkish forcesThe operations of Russian forces.The volume also includes:The distribution of Force D (ff 3-7, f 97, ff 134-137)The strengths of units in Force D (ff 71-72, ff 149-151, ff 171-172)‘Memorandum on three months’ work in Mesopotamia’ by Colonel Sir George Buchanan, Director-General of Port Administration and River Conservancy, with enclosures containing copies of memoranda and correspondence (ff 17-57)Sick returns for 8 April (f 79) and 15 April (ff 157-158)Statement showing provision of river craft for Force D (ff 119-123).The vast majority of material in the volume dates from May 1916, but there is also a small amount of material which dates from January to April 1916.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 189; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 3-187; these numbers are printed and are located in the bottom centre of the recto side of each folio.Dimensions: 21 x 33cm
12. Papers concerning the Treatment of British Prisoners of War at Kut
- Description:
- Abstract: The papers consist of reports and associated correspondence concerning the treatment of British prisoners of war from the British garrison at Kut [Kut Al-Amarah], following its surrender to Ottoman Turkish forces on 29 April 1916.The papers include a typescript memorandum (folios 3-28), issued by General Headquarters, IEF D [Indian Expeditionary Force D], Basra, entitled 'Information obtained from sick and wounded officers and men of the Kut Garrison who arrived at Basrah [Basra] on September 9th and 14th, 1916', which contains first hand accounts of the treatment of British and Indian troops by Turkish, Arab, and German captors. The memorandum also provides information about the Turkish army; Turkish dispositions, supplies, and armaments at Baghdad and elsewhere; and relations between the Turks and their allies. The memorandum was forwarded by the Director of Military Intelligence, War Office.Also included in the file is a printed memorandum (folios 29-31) entitled 'Turkish Treatment of British Prisoners of War.', which provides similar information from a single eyewitness. The memorandum is undated, but is signed in manuscript 'Lt [Lieutenant] McNeal R.F.A. [Royal Field Artillery]'. The memorandum also gives an account of events and conditions at Baghdad.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 31; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
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