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13. ‘File 2/32 ACQUISITION OF PERMANENT AIR FACILITIES’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence in the form of letters, telegrams and reports related to the negotiation of either the acquisition or lease of a base at Masirah Island. The British Government acquired a base either by the purchase or exchange of Masirah Island for Kuria Muria or the lease of whole or part of the island. The main concern raised by British Officials was on how to approach the Sultan of Muscat and Oman on the issue. They argued that the Sultan will be unlikely to agree to sell or exchange Masirah Island, for the fact that one day the island might prove to contain mineral and/or oil deposits of commercial value.The file contains correspondence related to the availability of drinking water for the Royal Air Force and native labourers on the island, and the future of the administration of the island after an agreement takes place.The file also contains correspondence, folios (144-160) related to the incident of a group of Royal Air Force men shooting eleven civilian-owned goats at Masirah Island. The Sultan raised the issue with the Political Agent at Muscat and he suggested that the Royal Air Force men should be kept within their airbase boundaries in order to prevent such incidents.The main correspondents in the file are: the Government of India, Foreign and Political Department; India Office, London; the Political Agency, Muscat; the Persian Gulf Residency, Bahrain; and the Government of Muscat and Oman.A large part of the file, folios 2-117, is dated 1944.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 169; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
14. PZ 6598/38 'Muscat and Oman: survey of the channel inside Masirah Island off the coast of Oman'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file consists of correspondence regarding the proposed survey of the channel inside Masirah Island [Jazīrat Maşīrah] off the coast of Oman by the surveying ship HMS Challenger.Correspondents include the Admiralty Intelligence Division, and the India Office.The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 4; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
15. Coll 30/191 ‘Persian Gulf. Defence of the Persian Gulf. Establishment of aircraft facilities at Socotra and Salalah (Muscat) and Assembly Port at Masira Bay.’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains papers, mostly correspondence, relating to defence facilities in the Persian Gulf and on, or near, the Southern Arabian Coast. It includes papers relating to the following:The construction of a naval ammunition store on Jiddah Island (also spelled Jidda Island in the file), near BahrainThe use of Masirah Bay by the Royal Navy as a port of assemblyThe proposed provision of additional facilities for aircraft at Socotra (also spelled Sokotra in the file) and Salalah in Muscat territory, for action against enemy warships (including the question of whether Britain was bound under Article 6 of the 1938 Anglo-Italian Agreement regarding certain areas in the Middle East to notify the Italian Government of the measures to be taken at Sokotra and Salalah)The proposed acquisition of permanent facilities for the Royal Air Force on Masirah Island, and the question of whether this should take place through the purchase or lease of Masirah Island from the Sultan of Muscat, or the exchange of Masirah Island for the Kuria Muria Islands, accompanied by cash compensation for the Sultan of Muscat.The main correspondents are as follows: the India Office; the Admiralty; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the Commander in Chief, East Indies; the Political Agent and HM Consul, Muscat; Saiyid Said bin Taimur [Sa‘īd bin Taymūr Āl Bū Sa‘īd], Sultan of Muscat and Oman; the Government of India External Affairs Department; the Foreign Office; the Air Ministry; the Royal Air Force Middle East Headquarters; the Colonial Office; and the Treasury.The file also includes:A copy of a Foreign Office Eastern Department paper, dated 25 April 1938, regarding the Anglo-Italian Agreement regarding certain areas of the Middle EastDraft minutes of meetings between representatives of the India Office, the Foreign Office, the Air Ministry, the Treasury, and the Colonial Office, held on 13 April and 8 September 1944, to discuss the proposed purchase or lease of Masirah IslandA Cabinet joint memorandum by the Air Ministry and the India Office on the proposed acquisition of Masirah Island as a permanent RAF base, dated 29 May 1945, which includes a map showing the location of Masirah Island [IOR/L/PS/12/3928, f 61], and draft versions of the memorandum.In addition, the file includes a copy of an aide memoire in Italian from the Italian Air Ministry to the Air Attaché of the British Embassy, Rome, dated 13 March 1940, of which there is a copy of an English translation.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 483; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
16. Coll 5/6 ‘Muscat-Aden Air Route: Survey of Masirah Island’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file is concerned with the establishment of facilities along the southern coast of Oman for a proposed Muscat-Aden air route. It predominantly consists of reports on expeditions to establish (or repair) landing grounds and petrol storage facilities at the following locations: Masirah Island, Khor Jarama [Khawr al Jarāmah], Khor Gharum, and Shuwamiya [Ra’s ash Shuwāmīyah]. These reports are authored by either the Muscat Political Agent (Trenchard Craven William Fowle, Claude Edward Urquhart Bremner, and Ralph Ponsonby Watts), or the commanding officer of the deployed Royal Navy vessel: HMS Bideford or HMS Deptford. It also contains reconnaissance reports from surveys undertaken to identify suitable landing sites for the proposed air route. These reports include information on the personnel involved, progress made, incidents during the course of the expedition, navigational data, and sometimes details on eating and sleeping arrangements. It also contains a number of extracts from relevant — mainly Muscat — intelligence summaries.The file includes copies of three agreements made with local Shaikhs: two agreements (folios 50-1) with Shaikh Said bin Sultan of Mahut for Shuwamiya and Khor Gharum; and an agreement (folio 24) with Muhammed bin Suwaillim, Shaikh of Batahrah, as a result of his disputing the former’s authority over Shuwamiya. It also contains a couple of sketch maps of the coast of Oman showing the locations surveyed, and the locations where air facilities have been established; these can be found on folios 31 and 88.A report (folios 131-42), dated 29 March 1932, of a joint action between British forces and the Sultan of Muscat, Sa‘īd ibn Taymūr Āl Bū Sa‘īd, against Shaikh Ali bin Abdullah al Hamudah of the Beni Bu Ali [Banī Bū ‘Alī] at Sur has also been included. The purpose of this action being to enforce the Sultan's authority by establishing a customs house at Aiqa.The main correspondents are as follows: the Persian Gulf Political Resident, the Foreign Secretary to the Government of India, officials of the Admiralty, officials of the Air Ministry, and officials of the India Office.The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 171; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located at the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
17. ‘File 2/15 ANNEX PETROL DUMP & LANDING GROUND AT MASIRAH.’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file includes correspondence between Royal Air Force commanders and the Political Agent at Muscat regarding: the deposit of petrol containers; the delivery of three keys to the petrol station at Masirah Island; and the repair to the petrol store at Umm Rasas, in Oman.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 15; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
18. ‘File 2/40 II AIR FACILITIES (CIVIL) MUSCAT. VOLUME II’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence in the form of telegrams and letters related to the Muscat Civil Air Agreement. The correspondence includes draft copies of the agreement, which contains the following:The heads of agreement between His Majesty’s Government in the United Kingdom and the Sultan of Muscat and OmanAir navigation regulations for civil aircraft made by His Highness the Sultan of Muscat and OmanThe general conditions laid down by the Sultan to govern the use of the aerodromes within his territoryThe special rules for the conduct and the security of personnel at Salalah and Masirah.The draft agreement was a subject of further discussions and alternations, particularly concerning the following: the specific number of the Royal Air Force (RAF) personnel stationed at Salalah and Masirah; the rent paid to the Sultan; and the steps to take once the agreement expires.Negotiations regarding the agreement terminated in January 1947 and resumed in March 1947. A final agreement (ff 151-154) was reached and signed on 5 April 1947 between William Rupert Hay, the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf on behalf of His Majesty’s Government, and Sa‘id bin Taymūr Āl Bū Sa‘īd, the Sultan of Muscat and Oman on behalf of the Government of Muscat and Oman.The file also contains correspondence regarding the following: revision of the scale of landing fees for light aircraft; the Egyptian Air navigation regulations; RAF personnel complaining about the Sultan’s guards at Salalah; plans for a Christian cemetery at Salalah, Masirah and Dhofar; the payment of rent to the Sultan’s account with Lloyds Bank; and the charges of authorisation fees by the Sultan of Muscat and Oman.The main correspondents in the file are: the Political Agent, Muscat; the Political Resident, Bahrain and Kuwait; the India Office, Whitehall, London; the Ministry of Civil Aviation, London; the Secretary of State for India, London; British Forces Headquarters, Aden; and the Sultan of Muscat and Oman.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 258; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
19. 'File 2/21 R.A.F. landing ground at Beit al Falaj (Petrol Store at Muscat).’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence in the form of letters and telegrams that are mainly related to the extension of the Royal Air Force (RAF) landing ground at Bait Al-Falaj (also spelled Beit Al-Falaj in the correspondence), Muscat. The work on the extension had been necessitated by the Second World War owing to the high landing speed of modern military aircraft.The file includes correspondence regarding the supply of materials, workers, and equipment which were to be supplied by Khimji Ramdas contractors.The file includes communications between the Air Ministry and the Political Agency, Muscat in order to obtain the approval of the Sultan of Muscat and Oman for the work to take place. It also includes telegrams from the Government of India (Independent India) to the Political Agency, Muscat asking for the Sultan’s permission for charter flights to land at Salalah and to fly over the Muscat territory.The correspondence in the file also contains notifications that the runway at Muscat was unserviceable and required immediate attention. It also includes drawings and maps of Bait Al-Falaj landing ground showing the proposed extension and road diversions.The main correspondents in the file are: Headquarters British Forces, Iraq; the Royal Air Force, Masirah; the Political Agency, Muscat; the Persian Gulf Residency, Bushire and Bahrain; and the Government of Muscat and Oman.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 150; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
20. 'File 2/6 KARACHI-ADEN AIR ROUTE. II-A/8'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence in the form of telegrams, and letters related to the air facilities/landing grounds at Salalah, Masirah and Ras Al-Hadd used by the Royal Air Force (RAF) and the work in progress there.Among the issues discussed in the correspondence are the following: providing workers and artisans for the building of extra accommodation at Ras Al-Hadd and Masirah; ships loading and unloading; workers fleeing to Muscat; the shooting of an Arab man by one of the sentries at Ras Al-Hadd; the recruitment of an Arab guard at Ras Al-Hadd; the hiring of the Shaikh of Dubai’s launch; the payments of Shaikh Said bin Sultan and Shaikh Khamis bin Hilal of Masirah; and Persian Gulf and South Arabian Coast Policy.The volume contains correspondence related to the payment of customs duty on goods and equipment imported into the State of Muscat and Oman in connection with the organisation of the Karachi-Aden Air Route. It also contains reports and nine appendixes (ff 93-111) on the landing grounds at Masirah and Ras Al-Hadd. Those reports and appendixes are prepared by G S Cooper, Civil Engineer, Air Headquarters, Iraq. Among the issues covered in the reports are the following: runways; progress of work; nature of ground; dispersal; water supply; bomb and petrol storage, as well as staff and labour.The volume also includes correspondence with the British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) providing statements for lists of goods imported to Masirah for the period between April and December. The volume also contains correspondence regarding communication with the Sultan of Muscat and Oman, and his views on the following: the work in progress at the landing grounds; the RAF’s plan to establish a flying boat base at Raisut (Raysut); digging a well in the RAF camp and the terms of the water agreement, raising the price of labourers, customs’ regulations; and the behaviour of the RAF staff at Salalah.The main correspondents in the volume are the Political Agent, Muscat; the Assistant Political Agent, Salalah; Air Headquarters, Iraq; the Political Resident, Bushire; and J H Campbell, Executive Engineer, Government of India, New Delhi.Workers are referred to in the volume as 'coolies' [a pejorative term used by the British to refer to a non-British labourer].Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 200; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
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