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1. ‘File 12/11 Piracy. (1) Alleged piracy in Muscat territory of boom belonging to Ibrahim bin Juma Doi, merchant of Muharraq Bahrain (2) Jolliboat No. 1495 BN belonging to Mohamed bin Amin of Muharraq reported missing since 2 June 1935’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file comprises correspondence relating to at least two alleged or suspected cases of piracy. The first case in the file (case number 2 in the file title) comprises a letter from Charles Dalrymple Belgrave, Advisor to the Government of Bahrain, to the Political Agent at Bahrain (Lieutenant-Colonel Percy Gordon Loch), dated 2 June 1935, reporting the disappearance of a loaned boat, and requesting enquiries be made as to its whereabouts. Further correspondence contains the responses to enquiries made by the Political Agent to the Residency Agent at Sharjah, the Ruler of Qatar (Shaikh ‘Abdullāh bin Jāsim Āl Thānī), and the Political Agents at Muscat and Kuwait, and a further letter from Belgrave to the Political Agent, dated 1 April 1936, reporting that the boat has been returned (ff 3-15).The second case in the file (case number 1 in the file title) comprises a letter from Belgrave to the Political Agent at Bahrain, dated 4 June 1935, reporting the shipwrecking of a boat belonging to a Muharraq merchant (Ibrahim Joomah Doy) at Raf-al-Jazeri, and the seizure of the vessel’s cargo by the Ruler of Maseyda [Maṣīrah] and his people. Also included are statements made by Ibrahim Joomah Doy and the boat’s nakhuda, and correspondence between Belgrave and the Political Agent clarifying where the incident took place (ff 24-36).The remainder of the correspondence in the file, dated August 1937 (ff 37-44), is incomplete, and appears relate to other incidents of alleged piracy on the Trucial Coast, including a shooting incident on a vessel at Kalba, resulting in the death of two members of crew (ff 37-38).Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 45; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 3-14 and between ff 24-44; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence.
2. ‘File 13/5 Assistance to Imperial Airways & Accidents to their Craft’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence on a number of different, air-related matters, and is not restricted to air accidents suffered by Imperial Airways aircraft. The principal correspondents in the file are the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, Political Agent in Bahrain, and the Political Officer on the Trucial Coast.The subjects covered by the file are:The emergency landing in March 1933 of an Imperial Airways ‘HANNO’ [Handley Page] aircraft at Jubail, in Ibn Saud’s [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] territory, the subsequent inquiry into the circumstances surrounding the emergency landing, and discussion amongst British officials over whether a gift should be given to the Amir of Jubail, whose subjects lent assistance to the aircraft’s pilot (ff 4-46);Reports of a missing plane in the Gulf in March 1940 (ff 47-52);In July 1940, the theft of copper panels from the wireless station at the aerodrome in Sharjah, leading to the aerodrome’s inability to provide radio bearings to incoming aircraft. Further correspondence documents the investigation into the theft, and the apprehension of the culprits (ff 53-63);Through the remainder of the file, correspondence from 1941 to 1943 relating to the development of air facilities in a number of locations, as part of the Aden to Karachi air route. This correspondence includes: extensive arrangements for the temporary charter by the British Overseas Airways Corporation of the Sheikh of Dubai’s launch, to be used at Ras al Hadd; work at Masirah (island) and the sourcing of a launch to enable operations to proceed between the mainland and the island; unrest amongst the workers at Salalah.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-171; these numbers are also written in pencil, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence, but they are not circled.
3. 'File 23/4 Lease of Masira Island to H.M.G.'
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence discusses the issues involved in the purchase or lease of Masirah Island to Her Majesty's Government including:letter (ff 4-5) from R Peel, India Office to M R Bridgeman, Ministry of Fuel and Power. Discussion of a proposal to approach the Sultan of Muscat to sell or lease Masirah Island to HMG as a permanent base. Enclosed is a note by the Legal Adviser, India Office;letter from R Peel, India Office, to R M A Hankey, Foreign Office, regarding the form of Agreement of Retrocession in the event of it being decided to return the Kuria Muria Islands back to the Sultan of Muscat as part of the purchase or lease of Masirah Island. The Deed of Concession of the Kuria Muria Islands was not considered a suitable model. Possible precedents were the Dindings Agreement (Approval) Act of 1934 with the Sultan of Perak.A letter (f 11) from the Colonial Office to R T Peel, Foreign Office, expressing no objection to Masirah Island being attached to the charge of the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf for administration through the Political Agent, Muscat.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover and terminates at the back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 3-11; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence.
4. 'File 2/10 II. AVIATION. B. ROYAL AIR FORCE. (1) Reconnaissance of Basrah, Aden, Muscat, Masirah, Murbat, Sauqrah Bay etc.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence in the form of letters, telegrams and reports related to the Air Headquarters, Iraq, planning to carry out ground reconnaissance for landing grounds and refuelling stations mid-way between Masirah and Murbat. The volume also includes instructions for landing ground reconnaissance at Sauqrah Bay [also referred to as Sukra Bay or Khor Gharum]. The instructions include descriptions of two possible landing grounds at the site.The volume also contains correspondence regarding the following:Obtaining the Sultan of Muscat and Oman’s permission in order for the work to take placeArrangement for a member of the Muscat and Oman, Council of Regency, as well as some Shaikhs, particularly the Shaikh of Masirah, Khamis bin Hilal, and other individuals to accompany the reconnaissance teamThe building of oil and petrol store at MurbatThe proceeding of two dhowsfrom Muscat to Masirah with a supervisor, labour and materials to carry out the remarking of Masirah Island landing ground, and two dhowsfrom Muscat to rendezvous with the sloop for the marking of landing grounds in Sauqrah BayReports on the reconnaissance took place in February and November 1934. The February work report contains information about Masirah Island that have been gathered from Shaikh Salim bin Nasir Al-Maj‘ali.Folios 280 to 298 of the volume consist of 19 black and white photographs which are placed in one envelope (f 299a). These are aerial photographs, and they are most likely related to the Royal Air Force (RAF) reconnaissance for landing grounds in the area between Masirah and Murbat. The front side of these photographs is dated November 1933, and the reverse side of each of them has a Royal Air Force stamp dated December 1934.The main correspondents in the volume are the Air Headquarters, Iraq; the Political Agent, Muscat; the Political Resident, Bushire; and the Government of Muscat and Oman.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 299; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading flyleaves.
5. 'File 2/15 II. AVIATION. B. ROYAL AIR FORCE. (3E) R. A. F. Landing Ground at Masirah'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence in the form of secret and confidential letters, telegrams and reports related to the landing grounds at Salalah and Masirah (also Masira). This correspondence is mainly between the Air Force Headquarters, Iraq; the Political Residency, Bushire; and the Political Agency Muscat.The correspondence mainly concerns mediation with the Government of the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman regarding: the visit of ship Lawrenceto Masirah Island; the development of the Muscat-Aden air route; arrangements for maintaining fuel stocks at Masirah Island; and the hiring of ship Al Sa‘idfor the purpose of transporting petrol to Masirah Island, and the cost and quantity of coal consumed by the ship.The file also contains reports from the Political Agent, Muscat to the Political Resident, Bushire on the work in progress at Masirah. The reports cover the following: Masirah Island; conversations with the Islanders; summary of results; Um Rasas; who is who on Masirah; and future policy.The file includes copies of agreements between Salim bin Said Al-‘Arami of the Janaba (also Janaibi) tribe and the Political Agency, Muscat for the hiring of the former’s house at Um Rasas in order to be used as a petrol store for the Royal Air Force. The agreement was first signed on 24 November 1932 and was renewed in 1934 and 1935 respectively.The file also contains correspondence from the Shaikh of Masirah, Khamis bin Hilal Al-Maj‘ali regarding the work taking place at the landing ground and the conditions of the workers and their payments.Other correspondences in the file relates to the following: suggestions made by the Royal Air Force for a new petrol store to be built at Shagha Island, not far from Masirah; the improvement of the landing ground at Marbat; and the building of a new landing ground at Sur Masirah.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 256; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
6. ‘File 2/15 MASIRAH & SALALAH AIR FIELDS (CHARTER FLIGHTS)’
- Description:
- Abstract: Folios 1-12 in the file are dated 1941-1942 and include correspondence between the Air Officer Commanding Royal Air Force, Iraq and the Political Agent, Muscat regarding the combination lock for the Royal Air Force (RAF) petrol store at Masirah Island. These folios together with the file notes found in folios 159 and 160 seem to have been misplaced from another file numbered II/13-3 (c), and inserted in this file.The rest of the file (ff 13-158) with file notes (ff 161-170) contains the actual correspondence that belongs to file number '2/15 Masirah and Salalah Air Fields (Charter Flights).' The correspondence is dated 1947-1948 and it is mainly related to the procedure required in order to obtain the Sultan of Muscat and Oman’s permission for charter flights to fly over his territories, and to use the landing grounds for refuelling, as in accordance with the Muscat Air Agreement. The main charter flights to use the landing ground facilities were Ethiopian Airlines between Addis Ababa and Bombay, and Indian Airways between India and East Africa.The file also includes correspondences related to: the development of the airfields at Salalah and Masirah; the availability of land rescue facilities along the South Arabian Coast; and the Sultan’s request for customs duty to be paid by the RAF at Masirah and Salalah for the supply of aviation fuel to civil aircrafts.The main correspondents in the file are: the Royal Air Force Headquarters, Iraq; the Political Agency, Muscat; the Political Residency, Bahrain; the British Consul General, Addis Ababa; the Foreign Office, London; the Ministry of Air Aviation, London; the Commonwealth Relations Office, London; and the Government of India (Independent India).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 171; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
7. 'File 2/6 II/A-8- Volume II. Karachi - Aden Civil Air Route.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains telegrams, letters, and reports related to the agreement between the British and the Muscat and Oman governments to build air facilities/landing grounds at Salalah, Masirah and Ras al-Hadd and the use of those grounds by the Royal Air Force as a war measure. The volume also contains correspondence related to the Karachi-Aden, and Muscat-Aden Air routes.The volume includes reports related to trouble caused by a certain Shaikh of Masirah and his followers, something which affected the work taking place and forced it to stop. Further trouble was caused by 'coolies' [pejorative term used by the British to refer to a non-British labourer] striking and demanding increased wages.The volume also includes reports on the progress of the work; the budget; delays of payment claimed by the engineers; reports on ships loading and unloading at the facilities; standing orders for personnel of the Royal Air Force and British Airways stationed on the South Arabian Aerodromes in the territory of the Sultan of Muscat and Oman. It also includes copies of reports sent by the Political Agent, Muscat on his tours at Salalah, Masirah and Ras al-Hadd.The main correspondents in the volume are: the Political Agency, Muscat; the Political Residency, Bushire; and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Muscat.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 258; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-258; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.
8. 'File 2/6 Southern Arabian Air Route. II-A/8'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence in the form of telegrams, letters, and reports related to the air facilities/landing grounds at Salalah, Masirah and Ras al-Hadd used by the Royal Air Force (RAF) as a war measure. The correspondence is related to the arrangement for engineers and workers to be sent to the landing grounds. In the correspondence, the term 'Coolies' [a pejorative term used by the British to refer to a non-British labourer] has been used to refer to workers.The volume includes correspondence related to the work in progress; situation of the workers, their salaries, health conditions, strike and replacement procedure; delays to payments claimed by the engineers; reports on ships loading and unloading at the air facilities and the capacities of those facilities; as well as correspondence with the firm of Khimji Ramdas to arrange for workers’ transportation.The volume contains correspondence between the Political Agent, Muscat and the Government of Muscat and Oman regarding the supply of workers and building materials, and the cooperation of the latter in storing fuel and other equipment in a safe, adequately guarded place. The volume also contains correspondence between the Political Residency at Bushire, and Royal Air Force officers at Sharjah and Basra to provide aircraft whenever needed by the Political Agent, Muscat or his Assistant at Salalah.The volume includes reports on the visits of officers of the Iraq Levies and the Political Resident (at different times) to the Southern Aerodromes at Bahrain, Sharjah, Muscat, Masirah and Ras al-Hadd. It also includes reports regarding RAF petrol landed, grade, quantity, and average daily rate of discharge in tonnes; the standing orders for personnel of the Royal Air Force; and the arrival of two hundred American base personnel at Salalah.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 165; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
9. 'File 2/6 KARACHI-ADEN AIR ROUTE. II-A/8'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence mainly in the form of telegrams, and letters related to the air facilities/landing grounds at Salalah, Masirah and Ras al-Hadd used by the Royal Air Force (RAF). The correspondence covers the following subjects: the requisitions for workers supplied on the RAF account for stocking petrol; ships loading and unloading; the arrangement for a RAF officer to be sent to the landing ground in order to supervise the work; financial and handing over arrangements; workers’ conditions; water supply; visits to the landing grounds.Workers are referred to in the volume as 'coolies' [a pejorative term used by the British to refer to a non-British labourer].The volume also includes minutes of a conference on the Karachi-Aden Air Route, held on 12-13 June 1942. Representatives of Civil Aviation, India and Air Headquarters, Iraq discussed the handing over of the Karachi-Aden Route to Air Headquarters Middle East, Aden and Iraq.The volume also contains correspondence with the firm of Khimji Ramdas related to outstanding bill payments and bills for unloading RAF explosives and fuel at Ras al-Hadd and Masirah. It also contains correspondence related to the customs duty on equipment imported into the Muscat State in connection with the organisation of the Karachi-Aden Air Route.The main correspondents in the volume are: the Political Agent, Muscat; the Assistant Political Agent, Salalah; His Majesty’s Ambassador in Baghdad; Air Headquarters, Iraq; the Political Resident, Bushire; J H Campbell, Executive Engineer, Civil Aviation Directorate, India; and the firm of Khimji Ramdas Firm.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 203; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
10. ‘File 2/15- Vol. 3. Oil. CHARTER FLIGHTS. (Masirah & Salalah refuelling).’
- Description:
- Abstract: The correspondence in the file is related to the subject of the refuelling of civil and foreign aircraft at the Salalah and Masirah airfields. The correspondence also discusses the proposed appointment of the Anglo Iranian Oil Company as an agent for the supply of fuel, and the Muscat and Oman Government’s view on this.Among the main correspondents in the file are the following: the Political Agency, Muscat; the Political Residency, Bahrain; the Governor’s Deputy, Aden; and the Secretary of State for the Colonies, London.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 23; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
11. ‘File 2/21 II. AVIATION. B. ROYAL AIR FORCE. (3K) R.A.F. Landing Ground at Baital. Falaj.’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence in the form of letters and telegrams related to the Royal Air Force's (RAF's) request for the acquisition of land to establish a landing ground at Bait Al-Falaj, and their request to obtain the Government of Muscat and Oman’s permission for the work to take place.Most of the file is dated 1929, apart from folios 25-26 which are dated 1933. The letter in these two folios is sent from the Muscat Political Agent to the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf concerning the landing grounds at Masirah, Murbat and Bait Al-Falaj. It is most likely that there are missing folios in the file dated between 1929 and 1933.The main correspondents in the file are: Headquarters British Forces, Iraq; the Political Agency, Muscat; and the Political Residency, Bushire.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 27; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
12. 'File 2/25 II. Aviation. B. Royal Air Force. 3. (o) Shuwaimiyah Landing Ground and Petrol Store.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence in the form of letters and telegrams related to the construction of a Royal Air Force landing ground and petrol store at Shuwaimiyah, south-east Oman. The correspondence in the file covers the following: the urgency to establish operational airfield at Shuwaimiyah to help combat the submarine menace; the availability of water supplies at Shuwaimiyah; the possibility of troubles arising from the local tribes and the security arrangements there; the Muscat Government appointing local representatives at Shuwaimiyah; the Secretary to the Sultan of Muscat and Oman, Ali Muhammad Al-Jamali providing statements showing the due rent of the landing ground and the receipts when the rent was paid; the supply of labourers and their fees as well as details related to the dhowsand labourers arriving at Masirah and Shuwaimiyah.The file includes copies of draft agreements between the Political Agency, Muscat, the Muscat and Oman Government, and Muhammad bin Sullaiyim, Shaikh of Batahrah tribe, at Shuwaimiyah in connection with the development of the landing ground there.The main correspondents in the file are: Headquarters British Forces, Iraq; Headquarters British Forces, Aden; Royal Air Force, Masirah; the Political Agency, Muscat; the Persian Gulf Residency, Bahrain; and the Government of Muscat and Oman.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 157; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 1-155; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
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