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25. Ext 6299/46 'Travel facilities for pilgrims'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence relating to travel arrangements for residents of the Persian Gulf on the Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca, particularly regarding fees and repatriation responsibilities. The main correspondents are as follows the Government of India, Department of Communications; the Secretary of State for India and Burma; the British Embassy in Iraq and the Persian Gulf Political Residency. Matters discussed include the Government of India's plan to offer travel to pilgrims via an Indian National Airways chartered aircraft from Bombay to Jedda, and the permissions they will need to obtain from rulers of the region to do this. Folios 5 to 11 contain correspondence detailing the decision to waive deposits usually charged to pilgrims travelling from the Persian Gulf Sheikhdoms of Kuweit, Bahrein, Oman and Muscat, and the Trucial Coast, costs of which will be absorbed by the British Consul, Basra.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 17; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
26. Poetry Collection
- Description:
- Abstract: Born in what is now the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia, ‘Ali ibn al-Muqarrab (1176 or 1177−1231 or 1232) had an adventurous life that included political intrigue and involvement with trade as well as literary accomplishment. Writing in the early 13th century, he is said to have been one of the last poets before modern times to have composed in the classical style. His Diwan (Poetry collection) is lauded for its historical as well as literary qualities. It is considered a primary source for geography and history as well as genealogy and information about the social and cultural conditions of his region. Al-Muqarrab’s tribe, the al-‘Uyuni, ruled portions of the coast of the Arabian Peninsula for more than 150 years, from the 11th to the 13th centuries. Failed political ambitions caused al-Muqarrab to flee to Baghdad and Mosul (present-day Iraq). Historian ‘Abd al-Khalaq al-Janbi discusses many of the strengths and weaknesses of al-Muqarrab as a historian, and notes the confusion in reference works over his name and the authorship of works attributed to him. Manuscripts of the Diwan are found in many Western and Middle Eastern libraries. The edition presented here was printed in Mecca in 1889 and reprinted in Bombay in 1892.Physical description: 120 pages ; 28 centimeters
27. Letters from John Blankett to Harford Jones
- Description:
- Abstract: Copies of four letters from Rear-Admiral John Blankett, Commander of the British naval squadron in the Red Sea, to Harford Jones, Resident in Bagdad [Baghdad], sent from HMS Leopardin Mocha Roads and dated 16 April-20 June 1799.Blankett forwards information collected from around the Red Sea and the Gulf concerning the French Revolutionary Wars, including: the strength and disposition of the French forces occupying Egypt; the possibility of French military action in the Red Sea; the French attack on Gaza; the arrival of French forces at Ghenna [Qena]; and population flight from Cosire [Al Qusayr].The correspondence also covers subjects including: the occupation of Perim Island by British forces from Bombay [Mumbai]; the attitude of the Shereef [Sharīf] of Mecca towards the war and France, including reports of trade in coffee with French-occupied Egypt; communications between Mecca and Tippoo Sultan [Tīpū Sulṭān of Mysore]; and the internal politics of Mecca.Duplicates of the first three letters and part of the fourth letter are catalogued as IOR/L/PS/9/76/82. A duplicate of the remaining part of the fourth letter is catalogued as IOR/L/PS/9/76/86.Physical description: 1 item (4 folios)
28. Letter from John Blankett to Harford Jones
- Description:
- Abstract: Part of a letter from Rear-Admiral John Blankett, Commander of the British naval squadron in the Red Sea, to Harford Jones, Resident in Bagdad [Baghdad], sent from HMS Leopardin Mocha Roads and dated 20 June 1799.The letter concerns the Government of Mecca, in particular the attitude of the Shereef [Sharīf] towards France. It discusses reports of trade in coffee between Mecca and French-occupied Egypt, reports of communications between Mecca and Tippoo Sultan [Tīpū Sulṭān of Mysore], and the internal politics of Mecca.The first part of the letter can be found in IOR/L/PS/9/76/82. A copy of the full letter can be found in IOR/L/PS/9/76/87.This letter was enclosed in Jones’s letter to John Spencer Smith, Minister Plenipotentiary in Constantinople [Istanbul], dated 23 September 1799 (IOR/L/PS/9/76/84 and 85).Physical description: 1 item (2 folios)
29. Letter from John Blankett to Harford Jones
- Description:
- Abstract: A copy of a letter from Rear-Admiral John Blankett, Commander of the British naval squadron in the Red Sea, to Harford Jones, Resident in Bagdad [Baghdad], sent from HMS Leopardat Jedda [Jeddah] and dated 30 June 1800.The letter introduces Lieutenant Richard Tanvarine, whom Blankett has sent to Bagdad with dispatches to be forwarded to the Ambassador in Constantinople [Istanbul]. The letter also describes the Sheriffe [Sharīf] of Mecca’s pivot towards the French occupation powers in Egypt and moves towards asserting his independence from the Porte [Ottoman Empire].A duplicate of this letter is catalogued as IOR/L/PS/9/76/133.Physical description: 1 item (2 folios)
30. PZ 2791/33 'Arabia: Wakf properties in Saudi-Arabia for the use of Indian pilgrims'
- Description:
- Abstract: The discussion in the file relates to the use of wakf properties [waqf] (property donated by Islamic rulers for pious uses) in Jeddah and Mecca intended for Indian pilgrims. The British had information which led them to believe such properties were being used as private property but that they could be restored to the use intended by the donors.The Government of India's recommendation led to updated lists (ff 78-80; f 73) being compiled by the British Consul at Jeddah. Included in the file is a copy (ff 51-52) of the memorandum 'Indian Waqfs and analogous properties in the Hejaz' by HM Minister, Jedda (Sir Andrew Ryan).The principal correspondents in the file are: the British Consul, Jedda; the Viceroy; and the Government of India, Foreign and Political Department.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 40, and terminates at f 80, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 41-80; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
31. PZ 704/1935 Arabia: Request for Financial Assistance for the ex-Amir of Mecca
- Description:
- Abstract: The file mainly consists of correspondence between the India Office and the Foreign Office, and enclosed copies of Foreign Office correspondence, relating to the former Amir [Emir] of Mecca, Sherif Ali Haider.It includes a letter from Kenneth Johnstone, Foreign Office, to John Gilbert Laithwaite, India Office, 31 January 1935 (folios 10-11), enclosing a copy of a letter from Princess Fatma Haider (née Miss Dunn), the wife of Sherif Ali Haider, which she sent to the Prince of Wales, and which was passed on to the Foreign Office by the Prince’s Private Secretary. In her letter, dated 10 January 1935 (folios 13-14), Fatma Haider states that her husband is ‘old and delicate’ and describes his difficult financial situation, stating that he was promised £200 of gold a year by the King of Saoud [Saud] when the latter refused to allow her husband to return to Mecca, but that in the present and previous year the King had sent nothing. Fatma Haider’s letter appeals for help from the Prince of Wales ‘through some Mussulman perhaps’. In the letter from Johnstone to Laithwaite of 31 January 1935, Johnstone asks whether the India Office has any observations to make on the matter, and states how the Foreign Office intends to reply to the Prince’s Private Secretary. A reply from Laithwaite to Johnstone of 5 February 1935 (folio 8) states that the India Office has ‘no comments to offer, but note the course of action which the Foreign Office propose to adopt’.A copy of a letter from the Foreign Office to Sir Godfrey Thomas, the Prince of Wales’s Private Secretary, 12 February 1935 (folios 5-7), gives a brief account of the Sherif, and concludes that ‘we have no political reason for wishing to assist him’, and that ‘unless, therefore, His Royal Highness is personally disposed to assist the Sherif indirectly, we can only suggest that a regretful reply in the negative should be returned to Princess Fatma’s request’.The file also includes a copy of letter sent to the Foreign Office from Godfrey Thomas Havard, Consul General, Beirut, 27 March 1935 (folio 3), informing the Foreign Office of the death of Sherif Ali Haider on 24 March 1935.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 14; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
32. PZ 6249/32 Arabia: Theft of Relics from the Holy Cube at Mecca
- Description:
- Abstract: Thefile contains correspondence regarding the theft of holy relics from the HolyCube in Mecca and the confession, sentencing and execution of the culprit. Thefile also mentions the ceremonial returning of the relics to the Holy Cube byIbn Saud. The primary correspondent is Cecil Gervase Hope Gill, HM Chargéd’Affaires to Jeddah.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 106, and terminates at f 111, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
33. Juddah and Aden Affairs
- Description:
- Abstract: This item comprises copies of enclosures to a despatch from the Government of Bombay Secret Department to the Secret Committee, Number 58 of 1856, dated 9 August 1856. The enclosures are dated 17 June-26 July 1856.The enclosures comprise:A report by Brigadier William Marcus Coghlan, Political Resident in Aden, to the Government of Bombay, concerning his efforts to mediate peaceful relations between the Abdali [al-‘Abdalī], Foudelie [Faḍlī] and Azaiba [a sub-tribe of the ‘Abdalī], following disputes over tribute money for drawing water from the wells at Shaik Othman [Shaykh Uthman]A general report by Stephen Page, HM Acting Vice-Consul and Officiating Honourable Company’s Agent at Juddah [Jeddah, also spelled Judda in this item], to the Government of Bombay, notably regarding the flourishing trade in enslaved persons there, including his views that: despite the firman of the Ottoman Sultan, the local Ottoman authorities never really intended to stop the trade; the reading of the firman at Mecca generated anti-Christian and anti-English feeling; the recalled Sherrif of Mecca, Abu Moutallib [Sharīf ‘Abd al-Muṭṭalib bin Ghālib bin Musā‘ad] exploited local anger to generate support for an uprising by which he hoped to regain his position; and the only way to reduce the trade is for British agents to supply intelligence to Indian Navy steam vessels employed in the Red Sea with permission to seize vessels carrying enslaved personsA report by Page to the Government of Bombay, notably concerning: complaints by British subjects over their treatment by local trade and customs officials and the salt monopoly; the attempt by a consulate guard to assassinate Mr Lawless, the sailing master of the British barque Futtay Sultan, who was a guest in the consulate, the guard’s trial by the Ottoman authorities and the requirement of Page to choose his punishment; and the non-cooperative business policies and general ill-feeling of the local Mooshir [mushīr, advisor or senior minister] towards the British and French at Juddah particularly since the uprising by Abu Moutallib.Physical description: 1 item (13 folios)
34. Aden Affairs
- Description:
- Abstract: This item comprises copies of enclosures to a despatch from the Government of Bombay Secret Department to the Secret Committee, Number 40 of 1856, dated 27 May 1856. The enclosures are dated 19 April-24 May 1856.The enclosures relate to affairs in Aden, Berbera, Juddah [Jeddah] and Mecca, as reported to the Government of Bombay by Brigadier William Marcus Coghlan, Political Resident in Aden, and Stephen Page, HM Acting Vice-Consul and Officiating Honourable Company’s Agent at Juddah. They specifically cover and include the following:The consent of ‘Sheik’ Shermarki [Ḥājjī Sharmārkī ‘Alī Ṣāliḥ, also spelled Shurmarkey in this item], the deposed Governor of Zailah [Saylac, or Zeila, Somalia] to the terms on which Coghlan states he can reside in Aden, and Shermarki’s arrival at that placeDiscussions between Coghlan, the Government of Bombay and the Government of India regarding the possible terms to be demanded from the Habr Awal [Habr Awwal] tribe for the removal of the British blockade of Berbera, including: the amount of monetary compensation to be paid by the Habr Awal; the probability of the murderer of Lieutenant Stroyan (during an attack on Lieutenant Richard Burton’s Somali Expedition) not being found or brought to justice; the possibility of stationing a vessel of war at Berbera harbour and a government agent during the commercial season; and the demand for the cessation of the export of enslaved persons from Berbera and the coastal vicinityPage’s reports from Juddah, covering: the unsuccessful attack on Mecca by the former Scerriff Abu Montallib [Sharīf ‘Abd al-Muṭṭalib bin Ghālib bin Musā‘ad, also spelled Mutallib in this item] and his withdrawal to Tayf [Taif]; Page’s relief at the arrival at Juddah of the HC [Honourable Company’s] ships Elphinstoneand Queen; the arrival of the new Scerriff of Mecca, Ebu Aonan [Muḥammad bin ‘Abd al-Mu‘īn bin ‘Awn] on the HC frigate Feroozfrom Suez; Page’s concern that Abu Montallib may make another attempt on Mecca and then proceed to Juddah on hearing of the arrival at Mecca of his successor; and the abatement of the threat to Juddah.The principal correspondents are Coghlan, Page and the Government of Bombay.Physical description: 1 item (18 folios)
35. Aden Affairs
- Description:
- Abstract: This item comprises copies of enclosures to a despatch from the Government of Bombay Secret Department to the Secret Committee, Number 28 of 1856, dated 16 April 1856. The enclosures are dated 12 March-16 April 1856.The enclosures comprise copies of reports and letters forwarded by Brigadier William Marcus Coghlan, Political Resident in Aden, and Coghlan’s correspondence with the Government of Bombay. They chiefly relate to the deployment of the HC [Honourable Company’s] sloop of war Elphinstoneand steamship Queento the Arabian and African Red Sea coasts, targeted at intimidating insurgent forces and quelling disturbances in: Mecca and Judda [Jeddah, also spelled Jedda in this item]; Hodeida [Al Hudaydah]; and Mussowah [Massawa, also spelled Massowah and Massowa in this item].They specifically cover:The uprising led by the ‘rebel’ Shereff of Mecca, Aboo Montallib [Sharīf ‘Abd al-Muṭṭalib bin Ghālib bin Musā‘ad], purportedly in protest at the abolition of the slave trade by the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire; the Shereff’s alleged intention to attack and plunder Judda; the Shereff’s retreat to Taief [Taif, also spelled Tayf in this item] with his followers and his desertion by them after an engagement with Ottoman soldiers; the re-establishment of order in Judda and Mecca; and the prospective arrival of the new Shereff of Mecca, Ebu Aoun [Muḥammad bin ‘Abd al-Mu‘īn bin ‘Awn]The unsuccessful attempt of the Assyr [‘Asīr tribe, also spelled Asseer in this item] to attack the ports of Hodeida and Mocha in order to drive the Turks [Ottoman local authorities] from Yemen, and then to attack Aden, including: the retreat of British merchants and their families to the safe harbour of Ras Majarmla [Ra’s Mujamilah]; the approach of the Assyr ‘in great numbers’ (f 75) at Hodeida; the arrival of the Elphinstoneand Queenat Hodeida; the defence of the port organised by the Governor of Hodeida (without British help); the retreat of the Assyr due to sickness and inadequate provisions; and the rumoured death from cholera of the leaders and up to 10,000 members of the Assyr forceAn uprising in Mussawah said to be caused by the violent and oppressive policies of the authorities, and its abatement following the arrival of the Elphinstoneand the mediation of the deputy Governor of Mussawah with the ‘rebels’.This item also covers: the logistics of organising the return of the Elphinstoneand Queento Mussawah, Judda and Hodeida in April to avert renewed disturbances at those places; intelligence received by Coghlan, from the Government of Bombay, of certain ‘Sumalee’ [Somali] and Arab individuals employed by the Political Agency ‘who are not to be depended upon’ and if not closely watched would ‘betray their employers to the Asseer [‘Asīr] Arabs, who are approaching in the direction of Aden’ (f 101); and Coghlan’s assertion that all land entrances to Aden are secured and known ‘traitorous’ individuals are being watched.The principal correspondents are: Coghlan; the Government of Bombay; Captain John James Frushard, Indian Navy, Senior Naval Officer, Aden, on the HC ship Elphinstone; Stephen Page, HM Acting Vice-Consul and Officiating HC Agent at Judda; and Lieutenant G N Adams, Indian Navy, Commanding the HC steamship Queen.Physical description: 1 item (38 folios)
36. Aden Affairs
- Description:
- Abstract: This item comprises enclosures to a despatch from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai] Secret Department to the Secret Committee [Bombay Secret Letter], No. 3 dated 2 January 1856. The enclosures are dated 10-29 December 1855.Three letters from Brigadier William Marcus Coghlan, Acting Political Resident and Commandant in Aden, to the Secretary to the Government, Bombay, covering the following matters:A general report on the state of affairs in AdenIntelligence from Hodeida [Al Hudaydah] and Mocha describing a serious outbreak of fighting at Mecca, apparently resulting from the proclamation (firman) by the Ottoman Porte [Government of the Ottoman Empire] abolishing slavery at Mecca and Jeddah and the Resident's desire to send a steam vessel to Jeddah to ascertain the seriousness of the situationIntelligence received from the Vice-Consul at Suez and the Consul-General in Egypt, respectively relating to the recent firman of the Porte and the reported insurrection at Mecca, and what specific edicts the Egyptian Government has made with regard to abolishing slavery in its territories.Also included are: two Resolutions of the Board acknowledging Coghlan’s general report and the ‘urgent’ need to despatch a steamer for duty at Aden; and a letter by the Secretary to the Government of India authorising Coghlan to continue the blockade of Berbera until its objectives achieved.Physical description: 1 item (14 folios)
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