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37. Coll 6/49 'Railways and Communications: Proposed Jedda-Mecca Railway. Motor Transport Arrangements.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file concerns the progress of schemes relating to the improvement of transport and communications in Saudi Arabia.The file largely consists of copies of correspondence received by the Foreign Office from His Majesty's Minister at Jedda (Sir Andrew Ryan, succeeded by Sir Reader William Bullard) and His Majesty's Chargé d'Affaires to Jedda (Cecil Gervase Hope Gill, and in later correspondence, Alan Charles Trott), which includes discussion of the following:Details of a failed concession for a Mecca-Jedda railway, granted by the Government of Saudi Arabia in 1933 to an Indian doctor and businessman named Saiyid Abdul Khadir Jeelani, who is reportedly unable to obtain financial support for the scheme.Difficulties regarding motor transport arrangements in Saudi Arabia during the pilgrimage season, following the creation of a motor transport monopoly in Saudi Arabia in 1936.Details of an agreement, dated 5 October 1939, between the Saudi Arabian and Egyptian Governments, primarily relating to construction and repair work on the road between Jedda and Arafat, and on certain parts of the Medina-Mecca road (the agreement also concerns the provision of water and electricity in Saudi Arabia).The file's other principal correspondents are the Foreign Secretary to the Government of India, the Chief Secretary of the Government of Madras, and various correspondents from the Foreign Office.In addition to correspondence, the file includes a copy of the scheme for the construction of a Jedda-Mecca railway and a copy of the aforementioned agreement between the Government of Saudi Arabia and the Government of Egypt.The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence (folio 2).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 110; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-110; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
38. Correspondence Related to the Trade in Mecca, Judda, Bussorah and Mocha
- Description:
- Abstract: Home correspondence of the East India Company (EIC) with Lord Shelburne [William Petty Fitzmaurice, 1st Marquess of Lansdowne], Secretary of State for the Southern Department, related to the complaints of the Sheriff of Mecca [Sharīf of Mecca] with respect to the inhabitants of Mecca and Medina suffering trouble in their trade. The correspondence includes a ‘Copy of the 77th Paragraph of the Company’s General Letter from Bombay [Mumbai]’ related to the right to trade in Mecca, Judda [Jeddah], and Mocha; a ‘Copy of the 61st Paragraph of the Company’s General Letter to Bombay’ related to the Ottoman Governor of Mecca complaining against the EIC’s Factory at Surat for interrupting Turkish vessels in carrying on their trade between Surat and Judda; and a translated copy of a petition signed by merchants and other traders to Mocha, Judda and Bussorah [Basra].Physical description: 1 item (9 folios)
39. Correspondence of Harford Jones with Jonathan Duncan and John Blankett
- Description:
- Abstract: This item contains four documents:1. A copy of a letter from Harford Jones, Resident in Bagdad [Baghdad], to Jonathan Duncan, Governor of Bombay, sent from Bagdad and dated 12 December 1799. In response to Duncan’s letter of 16 October (see IOR/L/PS/9/76/100), Jones discusses routes of communication between Bussora [Basra] and Constantinople [Istanbul], recommending the route via Bagdad. The letter includes tables displaying the estimated travel time from Bussora to Constantinople via Bagdad and the rulers of the territory on this route.2. A list of presents sent by Tipoo Sultan [Tīpū Sulṭān of Mysore] to the Grand Signior [Selim III, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire] and the Grand Vizier [Yūsuf Ẓīa al-Dīn Pāshā] which arrived in Bagdad on 24 December 1799.The list was compiled by Jones on 26 December 1799.3. A copy of a letter from Harford Jones to Rear-Admiral John Blankett, Commander of the British naval squadron in the Red Sea, sent from Bagdad and dated 13 November 1799. The letter forwards dispatches and an intelligence report from Aleppo (not enclosed).Another copy of the same letter is catalogued as IOR/L/PS/9/76/96.4. A copy of a letter from Rear-Admiral Blankett to Jones, sent from HMS Leopardat Mocca [Mocha] and dated 31 July 1799. It covers subjects including:The retreat of the French forces led by General Napoleon Bonaparte from Accre [Acre]Planned Turkish [Ottoman] and Mameluke attacks on the French occupation forces from Suez and Upper EgyptThe French capture of Cossire [Al Qusayr]Relations and trade between the Government of Mecca and the French forcesThe supplies of the French forces in CairoReports from Maltese defectors that the French forces intend to offer peace termsThe disruption of the coffee trade by Bedouin tribesThe state of the British-occupied island of Perim.Physical description: 1 item (10 folios)
40. File 2182/1913 Pt 10 'N.W. Frontier: Proposed Russian zoological expedition'
- Description:
- Abstract: The title provided at the beginning of this item does not relate in any way to the item's contents. Part 10 is in fact concerned with the dispute between Bin Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] and King Hussein of Hejaz [Ḥusayn bin ‘Alī al-Hāshimī, King of Hejaz], and British policy towards both.The item begins with reports that Bin Saud's Akhwan [Ikhwan] forces have advanced to Tarabah (also spelled Turaba in the correspondence) [Turabah], in Hejaz, and includes details of His Majesty's Government's proposed response, which is to inform Bin Saud that if he does not withdraw his forces from Hejaz and Khurma then the rest of his subsidy will be discontinued and he will lose all advantages secured under the treaty of 1915. Included are the following:copies of translations of correspondence between Bin Saud and King Hussein;discussion as to whether the British should send aeroplanes to assist King Hussein;minutes of inter-departmental meetings between representatives of the India Office, the War Office, the Foreign Office, and the Treasury, on the subject of Bin Saud, held at the Foreign Office and chaired by the Foreign Secretary, Earl Curzon of Kedleston [George Nathaniel Curzon];discussion as to how the British should respond in the event of Bin Saud's Wahabi [Wahhabi] forces taking Mecca and advancing on Jeddah, which it is anticipated may result in the evacuation of a large number of Arabs and British Indians;discussion regarding a proposed meeting between Harry St John Bridger Philby and Bin Saud on the Gulf coast;a report by Captain Herbert Garland [Director of the Arab Bureau, Cairo], entitled 'Note on the Khurma Dispute Between King Hussein and Ibn Saud';a document entitled 'Translation of a Memorandum on the Wahabite [sic] Crisis', addressed to the High Commissioner, Egypt, by Emir Feisal [Fayṣal bin Ḥusayn bin ‘Alī al-Hāshimī], in which Feisal implores the British to take military action against the Wahabi movement;copies of translations of letters addressed to Bin Rashid [Saʿūd bin ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz Āl Rashīd], from Bin Saud and King Hussein respectively, which provide the perspectives of both on recent events at Khurma and Tarabah;a memorandum from the Foreign Office's Political Intelligence Department, entitled 'Memorandum on British Commitments to Bin Saud'.The item's principal correspondents are the following:High Commissioner, Egypt, General (later Field Marshal) Edmund Henry Hynman Allenby;Secretary of State for India [Edwin Samuel Montagu];Secretary to the India Office's Political Department (John Evelyn Shuckburgh);Foreign Office;Bin Saud;King Hussein;Emir Ali [‘Alī bin Ḥusayn al-Hāshimī], son of King Hussein;Emir Feisal [Fayṣal bin Ḥusayn bin ‘Alī al-Hāshimī], son of King Hussein;Viceroy of India [Frederic John Napier Thesiger];War Office;Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, temporarily based in Baghdad [ Lieutenant-Colonel Arnold Talbot Wilson, acting Resident in Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Percy Zachariah Cox's absence];Civil Commissioner, Baghdad [held in an officiating capacity by Lieutenant-Colonel Arnold Talbot Wilson];Colonel Cyril Edward Wilson;Harry St John Bridger Philby.This item also contains translated copies of correspondence between Hussein and the then High Commissioner at Cairo, Sir Arthur Henry McMahon [commonly referred to as the McMahon-Hussein correspondence], dating from July 1915 to January 1916.Physical description: 1 item (330 folios)
41. File 2182/1913 Pt 12 'ARABIA: RELATIONS WITH BIN SAUD (AMIR OF NEJD) (HEJAZ-NEJD BOUNDARY DISPUTE)'
- Description:
- Abstract: Part 12 concerns British policy regarding the dispute between Bin Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd, also referred to in the correspondence as Ibn Saud] and King Hussein of Hejaz [Ḥusayn bin ‘Alī al-Hāshimī, King of Hejaz]. Much of the correspondence relates to (unsuccessful) efforts by the British to arrange a meeting between the two rulers. The correspondence discusses conditions and arrangements for a proposed meeting at Mecca (as suggested by Bin Saud), immediately after pilgrimage [Hajj].The correspondence goes on to discuss details of an armistice agreement made between King Hussein's committee and the Nejd deputation, at Mecca. A translation of the agreement states that the two parties agree to end all hostile movements and resume negotiations as soon as possible through the British government.Also included are the following:details of a proposed gift of £5000 from the British government to Bin Saud (plus an honorary GCIE – Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire);proposals of a payment of £30,000 by the British government to King Hussein, on the condition that the King signs a treaty with Turkey [the Treaty of Sèvres, which began the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire];a copy (in Arabic) of the aforementioned Treaty;news of reports that King Hussein's son, Sherif Feisal [Fayṣal bin Ḥusayn bin ‘Alī al-Hāshimī, also referred to in the correspondence as Amir Feisal], has been crowned King of Syria, and copies of translations of correspondence between Feisal and Bin Saud.The item includes the following principal correspondents:Secretary to the India Office's Political Department (John Evelyn Shuckburgh);Civil Commissioner, Baghdad [held in an officiating capacity by Lieutenant-Colonel Arnold Talbot Wilson];High Commissioner, Egypt (General Edmund Henry Hynman Allenby);Political Agent, Bahrain (Major Harold Richard Patrick Dickson);Foreign Office;War Office;Treasury;Bin Saud.Physical description: 1 item (223 folios)
42. File P 3372/1916 Pt 1 'Arab Revolt: the French Mission. French Designs in Hedjaz'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence, and India Office Secret Department minute papers, mostly relating to French policy regarding the Hedjaz [Hejaz or Hijaz]. This correspondence largely consists of: copies of telegrams between the Foreign Office and the British High Commissioner of Egypt (Sir Arthur Henry McMahon, followed by Sir Francis Reginald Wingate); and copies of correspondence between the Foreign Office and the French Ambassador to the United Kingdom (letters from the French Ambassador are in French). It also includes some correspondence between the India Office and the Foreign Office.The volume includes correspondence concerning: the proposed French civil and military mission to the Sherif [Sharif, also spelled Shereef in the correspondence] of Mecca, Hussein ibn Ali al-Hashimi; the proposed pilgrimage to Mecca of Muslims from Algeria, Tunis and Morocco, arranged by the French Government; correspondence regarding the reported requests of King Hussein for the employment of Muslim doctors from French colonies in North Africa in the Hedjaz, and for a wireless telegraph installation in the Hedjaz to connect Rabegh [Rabigh], Jeddah and Mecca; and the British desire for the withdrawal of the French Military Mission to the Hedjaz.The volume includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 178; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
43. File 1647/1918 Pts1-2 'HEDJAZ: MECCA HOSTEL; BRITISH REPRESENTATIVE AT MECCA'
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume consists of two parts, Part 1 (IOR/L/PS/10/740/1) and Part 2 (IOR/L/PS/10/740/2), both of which contain papers relating to the planned establishment of a hostel at Mecca to house pilgrims from the British Empire, and the appointment of a British Muslim Representative at Mecca to look after the interests of such pilgrims.Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 343; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 310-319; these numbers are written in red pencil. The sequence contains one foliation anomaly, f 232a.
44. File 756/1917 Pt 2-3 ‘ARAB BULLETIN Nos 66-114’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume consists of individual copies of the Arab Bulletinproduced by the Arab Bureau at the Savoy Hotel, Cairo numbers 66-114. These publications contain wartime, and post-war intelligence obtained by British sources. They deal with economic, military, and political matters in Turkey, the Middle East, Arabia, and elsewhere, which – in the opinion of British officials – affect the ‘Arab movement’; the bulletins cover a wide range of topics and key personalities.The volume contains the following maps:A map of Central Arabia showing St John Philby's route from Uqair to Jidda 17 November to 31 December 1917: folio 103.Sketch map prepared from RNAS photographs and reconnaissance by HMS City of Oxfordof Wadi Mur February to March 1918 : folio 170.Sketch map of Hejaz (1919): folio 317.Tribal sketch map of the Hadhramaut ‘showing only tribes of fighting value’: folios 333v.Towards the back of the volume is a small amount of correspondence respecting the distribution of Notes on the Middle East; the Arab Bulletinwas superseded by this publication. Copies of numbers 3-4 of this publication can also be found at the back of the volume.Tables of content can be found at the front of each issue. A small amount of content is in French.Physical description: Condition: the edges of some of the folios towards the back of the volume have suffered damage to their edges due to general wear and tear. The affected folios are 389-390, 407-409, and 412.Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the first folio with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 413; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The front cover and the leading flyleaf have not been foliated. A previous foliation sequence, which is present between ff 357-363 and ff 374-412 and is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
45. File 3665/1924 Pt 1 ‘Arabia:- Situation 1924; Wahabi attack on Hedjaz. Capture of Taif & defeat of Hedjaz Army. Abdication of King Hussein.’
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence and other papers concerning the invasion of the Hedjaz [Hejaz] by Wahabi [Wahhabi] forces associated with the Sultan of Najd, Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd], and the subsequent abdication of the King of Hedjaz, Amir Hussein [Ḥusayn bin ‘Alī al-Hāshimī]. The volume contains: reports of the capture of the city of Taif [Ta’if] by Wahabi forces; the British Government’s efforts to ascertain the fate of British Indian Muslims in Taif; correspondence amongst British Government officials about the contents of a message to be sent to Ibn Saud in response to the capture of Taif; correspondence between British Government officials and the Hashemite representative in London, Dr Naji el Assil [Naji al-Asil], regarding the British Government’s decision to pursue a policy of non-intervention in response to events; the abdication of Amir Hussein, and his departure from Mecca via Jeddah and Akaba [Aqaba]; the succession of Amir Ali [‘Alī ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn ‘Alī al-Hāshimī] as King of Hedjaz; Amir Ali’s retreat to Jeddah and reports of Wahabi forces in Mecca; Amir Ali’s attempt to procure loans for troops and war materials; reports of events at Taif and Jeddah, as reported by the British Consul at Jeddah, Reader William Bullard (ff 160-162, ff 83-84, f 46).The volume’s principal correspondents are: the British Consul at Jeddah; the Foreign Office; the Secretary of State for the Colonies, James Henry Thomas; the British High Commissioner of Iraq, Henry Robert Conway Dobbs; the British High Commissioner of Palestine, Herbert Louis Samuel; Naji el Assil.The volume contains a single item in French: a draft of a letter addressed to the Wahabi leader, drawn up by the consular corps in Jeddah (f 131).The volume includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence (f 2).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 419; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.
46. File 3666/1925 'ARABIA: PRINTED CORRESPONDENCE 1924-28'
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume mainly relates to British policy in Arabia, and specifically concerns British relations with Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd, also referred to in the correspondence as Bin Saud]. The papers cover the Hejaz-Nejd War of 1924-25 and political affairs in Ibn Saud's Kingdom of Hejaz and Sultanate of Nejd [Najd] (or the Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd, as it became in 1927).The volume mainly consists of compiled sections of printed correspondence, with each section closing with a report from the British Agent and Consul at Jeddah. The most prominently featured correspondents are as follows: the British Agent and Consul, Jeddah; the Secretary of State for India; the Secretary of State for the Colonies; the Political Resident, Aden; the High Commissioner, Egypt; the High Commissioner, Iraq; the High Commissioner, Palestine; officials of the Colonial Office, the Foreign Office, the Admiralty, the India Office; the Government of India's Foreign and Political Department. Also featured as correspondents are Ibn Saud, King Ali [‘Alī bin Ḥusayn al-Hāshimī], and British Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin.Matters covered in the correspondence include the following:Diplomatic relations between Ibn Saud and Britain, Italy, France, the Netherlands, and Persia [Iran]Information on developments in the Hejaz-Nejd War of 1924-25, mainly in the form of telegrams and letters from the British Agent and Consul at Jeddah, and British policy regarding the conflictBritish policy in relation to the fate of the ex-King Hussein [Ḥusayn bin ‘Alī al-Hāshimī]Reports of Wahabi forces having damaged or destroyed holy sites in Mecca and MedinaThe efforts of King Ali [‘Alī bin Ḥusayn al-Hāshimī] to raise money in JeddahDetails of the Hadda Agreement and the Bahra Agreement, concluded between Sir Gilbert Clayton and Ibn Saud in late 1925Details of King Ali's surrender and abdication on 19 December 1925, and arrangements for his passage out of JeddahBritain's recognition of Ibn Saud as King of the Hejaz in February 1926British concerns regarding the spread of anti-British opinion in the HejazPublic outrage in the wider Muslim world regarding the desecration of holy sites by the Wahabis, and the British Government's refusal to become involved, owing to its stated policy of non-intervention in Muslim religious affairsBritish efforts to ensure the Government of Hejaz's participation in the International Sanitary Convention of 1926Arrangements for a private visit to London by Ibn Saud's son Faisal [Fayṣal bin ‘Abd al-‘Azīz Āl Sa‘ūd] in September 1926British concerns regarding Ibn Saud's diplomatic relations with Soviet Russia [Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, or USSR]A change to Ibn Saud's title in 1927, from 'King of Hejaz and Sultan of Nejd' to 'King of Hejaz and Nejd'The conclusion of the Treaty of Jeddah in June 1927Relations between Ibn Saud and the Imam of Yemen [Yaḥyá Muḥammad Ḥamīd al-Dīn], and the former's suspicions that the Italian Government has been supplying the Imam with armsProfiles of prominent figures in the Kingdom of Hejaz and NejdThe number of pilgrims arriving each year for HajjTense relations between Ibn Saud and the Iraqi Government, particularly concerning the Uqair Protocol.Also included with the correspondence are the following: minutes of an interdepartmental conference held at the Colonial Office on 20 May 1926, to discuss matters arising out of Clayton's Mission to Ibn Saud (ff 178-179); a Colonial Office memorandum entitled 'British Interests in Arabia', dated 8 December 1926 (ff 111-113).The volume includes a small amount of correspondence written in French.The volume includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence (f 1).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 388; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence between ff 118-388, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.Pagination: each of the various sections of printed correspondence has its own printed pagination sequence.
47. File 705/1916 Pt 1-2 Arab Revolt
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains papers that pertain to various military and intelligence fields of operation during 1916, specifically relating to the First World War in the region of Hejaz and the broader Arabian peninsula. The bulk of the file is comprised of reports on various military, intelligence, and propaganda issues variously called 'the Arab report' or 'Arabian Report'. The file also contains reports on the massacre and forced migration of Armenians during the War, as well as intelligence gathering efforts by British officials on Indian Muslim political mobilisation in support of an independent Arab Kingdom in the Hejaz or the Ottoman Empire, often described as 'Pan-Islamist' in the file.Most of the correspondence relating to Pan-Islamist political mobilisation is conducted through the transmission and translation of newspaper articles in Iraqi, Egyptian, Indian, Syrian, and other Arab publications.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 473; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the ending flyleaves.
48. 'Picture of the Bab 'Anbari'. Photographer: H. A. Mirza & Sons
- Description:
- Physical description: DimensionsMount (external): 348 x 445 mmMount (internal): 202 x 276 mm [landscape]FormatPhotographic print held within window mount in landscape formatMaterialsMottled blue-tinted window mount, card, gelatin silver print, indigo ink (printed), red ink (hand-painted)ConditionMount is mildly bowed, with very light staining along all edges. Very light staining is also visible on the paper verso backing, which is under-laid by cotton strips.The print shows signs of extensive toning and is distorted gently throughout. Blemishes throughout the sky area result from a combination of those introduced during the printing process and post-printing surface residues.Foliation8 (145)ProcessGelatin silver print
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