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37. 'Navigation on the rivers of Mesopotamia'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file provides an account of the navigation of the rivers of Mesopotamia from 1640, with a series of extracts from despatches, letters, reports, a diary, a treaty, and an order. It details agreements between England and Turkey; the movements of British steamers within the region; the question of the payment of dues and navigation rights; the maintenance costs of steamers; and highlights disturbances hindering navigation.It was written by F De Lesseps, Foreign Department, India Office.The file includes three extracts in French.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 28, and terminates at f 31, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 28-31; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
38. 'Mesopotamia and Middle East: Question of Future Control'
- Description:
- Abstract: This is a secret printed memorandum, dated 1 June 1920, with an introductory note, dated 2 June 1920, by the Edwin Samuel Montagu (initialled E S M), Secretary of State for India. It concerns the question of future British control in Mesopotamia [Iraq] and Middle East. The memorandum discusses the current administrative arrangements in the region following the First World War, the idea of establishing a 'Middle East Office', and considers which department of state (India Office, Foreign Office or Colonial Office) is best qualified to undertake the task of administering Britain's Middle Eastern affairs.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation for this sequence commences at folio 108, and terminates at folio 109, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between folios 7-153; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.
39. 'Mesopotamia'
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume is a confidential handbook on Mesopotamia prepared under the direction of the Historical Section of the Foreign Office, dated February 1919. There is a table of contents which includes the following chapters:I: 'Geography Physical and Political', including 'Position and Frontiers', 'Surface, Coast and River Systems', 'Climate', 'Sanitary Conditions', 'Race and Language' and 'Population';II: 'Political History', including 'Chronological Summary', 'Introduction', 'Early period of Turkish Occupation, 1638-1834', 'Later period of Turkish Occupation, 1834-1914', and 'Commercial Developments';III: 'Social and Political Conditions', including 'Religious', 'Political', 'Public Education' and 'General Observations';IV: 'Economic Conditions', including 'Means of Communication', 'Industry', 'Commerce', 'Finance' and 'General Remarks'.There is also an appendix which includes tables of 'Exports to Principal Countries from Baghdad', 'Imports from Principal Countries to Baghdad', 'Principal Exports from Basra' and 'Principal Imports to Basra'. This is followed by a section entitled 'Authorities' which is a bibliography of references used for the preparation of the volume. This section is divided into 'Historical' (including 'Confidential Sources'), 'Economic' ('Official' and 'General') and 'Maps'. There is a pocket at the back of the volume to house maps, but there are no maps present.Physical description: Pagination: The volume contains an original printed pagination sequence.Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
40. 'Mesopotamia. Causes of unrest. Report No. II'
- Description:
- Abstract: This undated printed memorandum, marked 'Very Secret', is the second part of a preliminary report by Major Norman Napier Evelyn Bray, Special Intelligence Officer attached to the Political Department, India Office. This part focuses primarily on the role of Bolsehvist policy in regards to the Iraqi revolt. The report is divided into the following sections: 'Soviet Union', 'Germany', 'Union of C.U.P. [Committee of Union and Progress, i.e. İttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti] Turkish Nationalists and Arabs and Formation of Asiatic Islamic Federation', 'Bolshevik Negotiations', and 'Appreciation of the Situation', which includes notes on Bolshevist policy with regards to Afghanistan, Persia, Anatolia, Armenia and Mesopotamia. A 'Chart illustrating German-Bolshevic-Asiatic Intrigue' appears on folio 141. The first part of the report is 'Mesopotamia. Preliminary Report on Causes of Unrest', IOR/L/PS/18/B348.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation for this sequence commences at folio 135, and terminates at folio 143, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between folios 7-153; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.
41. 'Mesopotamia. Proposed Constitution: Telegraphic Correspondence with Baghdad'
- Description:
- Abstract: This printed memorandum, dated July 1920, contains a series of reprinted telegrams in a single collection for the purposes of facilitating the discussions with Sir Percy Zachariah Cox on the proposed constitution for Mesopotamia [Iraq]. It is noted that the series is not complete, but contains all but vital telegrams. The series contains twenty telegrams between 20 March 1920 and 9 July 1920, between the Civil Commissioner, Baghdad, and the Secretary of State. Topics covered include an overview of the ethnic and religious makeup of Mesopotamia, matters relating to the constitution and proposed Legislative Assembly, the San Remo Conference, and the decision to grant a mandate to Mesopotamia.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation for this sequence commences at folio 118, and terminates at folio 123, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between folios 7-153; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.
42. 'Mesopotamia. Local Resources.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains telegrams and memoranda concerning the administration of local resources in Mesopotamia by the British military authorities, 1917-19.The main correspondents are: the War Office; Commander-in-Chief (C in C), India; and General Officer Commanding (GOC), Mesopotamia.Subjects covered include: irrigation; farming and food supply arrangements for the local population; enhancing the navigability of the River Euphrates; the dredging of Hammar lake; local production of agricultural resources for military needs; railways; river transport; shipping; the question of the rank and grading to be accorded to the Director of Local Resources, Mesopotamia; extent of cultivated areas; the formation of the Irrigation Directorate; agricultural machinery; agricultural development; the cost to the Government of India of the economic development of Mesopotamia (folio 36); the creation and staffing of the Directorate of Agriculture; dairies and grass farms; military stores; and the appointment of military engineers.Marked 'Secret' and 'Please return to Room 164 Military Dept. India Office.'.There is only one item of correspondence dated 1916. The papers are mainly dated 1917-19.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 98; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional mixed foliation/pagination sequence is also present between ff 2-97; these numbers are written in blue crayon.
43. 'Mesopotamia. Present Political Situation'
- Description:
- Abstract: This is printed memorandum is a report by Colin Campbell Garbett (initialled C C G), dated 28 October 1919, concerning an appreciation of the present situation in Mesopotamia [Iraq] following complaints by Izzet Pasha of Damscus and others about British administration there. The report provides a general overview of British administration in Mesopotamia, relations with King Hussein [Ḥusayn bin ‘Alī al-Hāshimī] and Feisal [Fayṣal bin Ḥusayn al-Hāshimī], and current events and notable Iraqis, for example, Naji Beg Suwaidi [Nājī Beg Suwaydī], the Alusi [al-Alūsī] family, Shaikh Hasan and Ezra Daniel.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation for this report commences at folio 87, and terminates at folio 88, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between folios 7-153; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.
44. 'Mesopotamia. Jurisdiction over Foreigners'
- Description:
- Abstract: This is a printed report by Sir Edgar Bonham Carter, Judicial Secretary, Baghdad, concerning the legal jurisdiction over foreigners in Mesopotamia. The report includes details of various schemes, including: 'Scheme to vest in the ordinary Courts jurisdiction to hear all cases in which Foreigners are interested', 'Scheme to create special Mixed Tribunals on the Egyptian model and confer on them jurisdiction in all cases in which foreigners are interested', 'Scheme to vest in British Judges or in Special Courts composed of British and Mesopotamian Judges to hear all cases in which foreigners are interested'. In addition, the report includes three appendices: 'Appendix I: Translation of Imperial Iradeh, dated 26th Aab 1330 (8th September 1914), abolishing the Capitulations'; 'Appendix II: Turkey and Persia. Treaty dated 31st May 1847. Article VII. Appointment of Consuls, Privileges, Most Favoured Nation Treatment'; and 'Appendix II: Juridiction of a Peace Court'.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation for this description commences at folio 144 and terminates at folio 147, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between folios 7-147 of the volume; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.
45. 'Mesopotamia. Establishment of Council of State for 'Iraq.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This is a printed document, No. S.D./170A, issued by the Secretary to the High Commissioner for Mesopotamia and intended to be forwarded to all Officers of the British Civil Administration in Mesopotamia. The document is a record of the steps taken by the High Commissioner (Sir Percy Zachariah Cox) following his arrival at Basrah [Basra] on 1 October 1920 in the direction of setting up a national administration ('National Assembly') in Iraq. The paper explains the role in this process of the provisional Council of State in Iraq.The document contains a 'Note on the proceedings of H.E. the High Commissioner since his arrival at Basrah' (folio 1) and cites official letters, telegrams, a press communique and a proclamation illustrating the formation and working of the Council of State. The document also includes:List of personnel of the Council of State (folio 1);Instructions for the Council of State (as finally issued) (folios 2-3);List of advisers appointed by the High Commissioner (folio 3);Memorandum of proceedings of informal meeting of Council of State, 10 November 1920 (folios 3-4).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at 1 on the first folio and terminates at 5 on the last folio. The numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and appear in the top right corner of the recto page of each folio.Pagination: the file also has an original printed pagination sequence, numbered 2-9 (folios 1-5).
46. 'Mesopotamia. Appointment of Sir Percy Cox as High Commissioner: Instructions of His Majesty's Government'
- Description:
- Abstract: This printed report published by the India Office contains two sets of draft instructions approved by the Finance Committee of the Cabinet for Sir Percy Zachariah Cox's personal guidance as High Commissioner for Mesopotamia to give effect to the policy of His Majesty's Government. The first set is an original draft, dated 5 August 1920, while the second set is a revised draft.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation for this sequence commences at folio 124, and terminates at folio 125, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between folios 7-153 of the volume; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.
47. 'Mesopotamia. Preliminary Report on Causes of Unrest'
- Description:
- Abstract: This printed memorandum, marked ’Very Secret', is the first part a preliminary report by Major Norman Napier Evelyn Bray, Special Intelligence Officer attached to the Political Department, India Office, dated 14 September 1920, concerning the causes of the Iraqi revolt against the British in 1920. There are details concerning pro-Turkish, pan-Islamist and nationalist elements in Iraq, as well as external influence from Germany and Bolshevik Russia. The report includes a 'Chart Showing Inter-Connection of the various Intriguing Elements' (folio 129). Marginal references are made to an appendix which is not present. The second part of the report is IOR/L/PS/18/B350.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation for this sequence commences at folio 126, and terminates at folio 130, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between folios 7-153; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.
48. 'Mesopotamia. Administrative Record during British Occupation'
- Description:
- Abstract: This is a memorandum prepared by the Political Department of the India Office concerning the administration of Mesopotamia [Iraq] during British occupation. The memorandum includes the following sections and subsections: Introductory, Military Situation, Early Administrative Problems, Machinery of Government, Administration in Working, Political, Land Revenue and Agriculture, Customs, Excise and other Taxes, Justice, Education, Medical, Civil Post Office, Militia, Government Press, Surveys, Archaeology, and Finance, with details of the budget. There are also general remarks about administration and the position of the India Office in relation to the Civil Commissioner at Baghdad.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation for this sequence commences at folio 63, and terminates at folio 65, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between folios 7-153; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.