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37. Tārīkh al-kāmil
Kāmil fī al-tārīkh
- Description:
- lil-ʻalāmah Abī al-Ḥasan ʻAlī ibn Abī al-Karam Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn ʻAbd al-Karīm ibn ʻAbd al-Wāḥid al-Shaybānī al-maʻrūf bi-Ibn al-Athīr al-Jazarī al-mulaqqab bi-ʻIzz al-Dīn ; wa-bi-hāmishihi Tārīkh murūj al-dhahab wa-maʻādin al-jawhar lil-Imām Abī al-Ḥasan ʻAlī ibn al-Ḥusayn al-Masʻūdī.
38. Middle East Committee and Eastern Committee
- Description:
- Abstract: This file relates to two War Cabinet committees: the Middle East Committee (originally named the Mesopotamian Administration Committee), and the Eastern Committee, both chaired by George Curzon.The first half of the file consists almost entirely of printed minutes of meetings of the Middle East Committee, dated 19 January, 26 January, 2 February, and 18 February 1918 respectively (ff 2-9). The main topics of discussion in these minutes are British policy in Palestine and future British policy in Mesopotamia.The second half of the file contains correspondence received by Curzon regarding the workings of the Eastern Committee, which inherited the responsibilities of the Middle East Committee (ff 10-21). The correspondents are as follows: Maurice Pascal Alers Hankey, War Cabinet; Edwin Samuel Montagu, Secretary of State for India; Robert Cecil, Foreign Office. The letters discuss the dissemination of the committee's minutes among military representatives, the frequency and attendees of committee meetings, and whether the committee should be severed from the War Cabinet and absorbed by the Foreign Office's recently created Middle East Department. One letter touches on Anglo-Persian relations.Also included is a note by Curzon, dated 27 October 1918, regarding a memorandum from the advisory committee of the Foreign Office's Eastern Department (ff 17-18).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1, and terminates at the final folio with 21; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
39. Majallah
Mecelle. Arabic
- Description:
- harrahatha lajnah muʼallafah min al-ʹulamāʼ al-muḥaqqiqīn wa-al-fuqahāʼ al-mudaqqiqīn wa-baʻda an waqaʻat ladá al-Bāb al-ʻĀlī mawqiʻ al-istiḥsān taʻallaqat al-irādah al-sunnīyah bi-an takūn dustūr lil-ʻamal bihā.In Arabic.
40. Coll 30/160(S) 'C.I.D. Sub Committee for questions concerning Middle East: Measures to influence minor powers & Arab States whose assistance might be of value in time of war.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains papers relating to the Committee of Imperial Defence (CID) Standing Official Sub-Committee for Questions concerning the Middle East. The Sub-Committee had been charged by the Committee of Imperial Defence to 'investigate and report on the measures which might be taken, either before or on the outbreak of war, to influence those Minor Powers and Arab States whose assistance or even benevolent neutrality might be of value to us in time of war' (folio 77). The work of the Sub-Committee focussed on Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Transjordan, Saudi Arabia, the Yemen, and the Arab States of the Persian Gulf, and the papers contain reports and discussions of British policy in relation to all those countries.The papers contain memoranda drawn up by the Foreign Office, the India Office, the War Office, and other British Government departments, and by British representatives in Iran, Saudi Arabia, Aden, etc. for submission to the Sub-Committee; agenda and minutes of meetings of the Sub-Committee; reports of the Sub-Committee; and India Office minutes.The Arab shaikhdoms of the Persian Gulf and Muscat were said by the India Office to be of importance to the British Government because of their situation on the air route to India, and in their significance as actual and potential sources for the supply of oil (folio 285); folio 327, folios 285-289, folio 98, and folios 4-44 relate particularly to the Persian Gulf.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 339; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
41. Coll 30/204 ‘Persian Gulf Oil. Future of oil in its relation to the Middle East – Admiralty Memorandum on –’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains: a copy of an Admiralty memorandum, dated 11 October 1940, entitled ‘The Future of Oil in its Relation to the Middle East’; and correspondence related to the memorandum and to the arrival in Iran of eight German officers, who were suspected of being involved in activities against British interests, in particular against the Anglo-Iranian oilfields.The correspondents are as follows: the India Office; the Petroleum Department; the Foreign Office; and the Colonial Office. The India Office correspondence includes internal notes between India Office officials.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 33, these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
42. Coll 6/43 'Pan Arab Congress 1933. Attitude of H.M.G. to a Pan Arab Movement'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file concerns the British Government's response to the Pan-Arab movement during the 1930s and 1940s. Much of the correspondence refers to the prospect of an Arab federation, although the use of the word 'federation' is noted in some of the correspondence as being a mistranslation of the original Arabic expression, which would be more accurately represented by the words 'unification' or 'unity'.Significant subjects of discussion include:Arab party politics in Palestine.Iraqi-Egyptian relations.Italian propaganda in the Middle East.The future of Palestine.Britain's post-war policy in the Middle East.Whether the Arab states should be induced to make a wartime declaration in favour of the democracies (i.e. the Allies).The formation of the Arab League (also referred to as the Arab Federation in the correspondence).Details of the Pact (also referred to as Covenant) of the Arab League, signed in Cairo on 22 March 1945.Whether representatives of the Arab League should be present at the Palestine Conference in London, in 1947, in addition to representatives of Arab states.Notable correspondents include the following: the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the High Commissioner for Iraq; His Majesty's Ambassador in Baghdad; the High Commissioner for Egypt; His Majesty's Ambassador in Cairo; the High Commissioner for Palestine; His Majesty's Minister at Jedda; the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs; the Minister of State in the Middle East; officials of the Foreign Office, the Colonial Office, the India Office, the Commonwealth Relations Office, and the Indian Political Service's External Affairs Department; Noury Said [Nūrī al-Sa‘īd], Prime Minister of Iraq; George Antonius, Lebanese-Egyptian author and diplomat.Also included with the correspondence are the following:Extracts from Palestine police summaries dating from 1933 to 1936, produced by the Criminal Investigation Department (CID) in Jerusalem.A printed copy of a paper on Arab federation by the Foreign Research and Press Service, dated 20 June 1941.Copies of documents produced by the War Cabinet's Standing Official Sub-Committee for Questions Concerning the Middle East (also referred to as the Middle East (Official) Committee), including minutes of meetings (1941-1942) and a copy of a report on Arab Federation, dated January 1942.A copy (in French) of the Protocol of the Preparatory Committee for the Arab Congress, dated 7 October 1944.Copies of the Pact/Covenant of the recently formed Arab League (consisting of a printed copy in French, distributed by the Egyptian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and an English translation of the full Arabic text, which includes a passage that was omitted from the French version).The French material consists of the aforementioned Protocol and Arab League Pact, plus one item of correspondence and a copy of a newspaper extract.The file includes two dividers which give a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. These are placed at the back of the correspondence (folios 2-3).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 571; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Two previous foliation sequences, which are also circled, have been superseded and therefore crossed out.
43. Coll 5/77 ‘Muscat: including activities of U.S. Air Force and Pan-American Airways in the Middle East’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file is concerned with the operations of Pan American Airlines in the Middle East; British officials were concerned that the airline was using the war as a pretext for commercial penetration of British controlled territories. The file therefore covers the militarisation of Pan American Airlines operations in the Middle East, and its absorption into the United States Army Air Force (USAAF).In addition, the file contains correspondence related to the use of the Southern Arabian Air Route by the United States Air Force: in particular, the use of aerodromes at Masirah and Salalah, as per a 1942 agreement with Sa‘īd ibn Taymūr Āl Bū Sa‘īd, Sultan of Muscat and Oman: see folio 87 for a record of the negotiations. This includes discussion surrounding the post-war disposal of stone buildings built by the Americans at these sites.The main correspondents in the file are as follows: the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (William Rupert Hay and Arnold Crawshaw Galloway), the Political Agent and Consul at Muscat (Cornelius James Pelly), HM Ambassador to the United States (Edward Wood, Viscount, later Earl of Halifax), HM Ambassador to Iraq (Sir Kinahan Cornwallis) the Minister of State Resident in the Middle East (Walter Guiness), officials of the Foreign Office, officials of the India Office, and representatives of the Government of India.The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 207; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located at the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
44. Coll 5/84(4) ‘Middle East Summaries from Ministry of Civil Aviation’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains copies of Ministry of Civil Aviation Middle East Intelligence Summaries – Numbers 1 to 8 – which have been supplied to the India Office. The summaries cover independent countries (Turkey, Lebanon, Syria, Iran, Afghanistan, Saudi Arabia, and Ethiopia), sovereignties previously under British Mandate or influence (Egypt, Sudan, Trans-Jordan, and Iraq), territories under British Mandate or protection (Palestine and the Persian Gulf Shaikhdoms), British Colonies (Cyprus and the Aden Protectorate), and occupied territories under British military administration (Tripolitania, Cyrenaica, and Eritrea).The subject matter is developments, and proposals for developments, in civil aviation in the Middle East and surrounding regions. This includes the attitude of local governments to civil aviation, and the position of Britain's international competitors in civil aviation. Details related to the formation of airlines, and frequency of operating services are included.The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folios with 53; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
45. Coll 5/85 ‘Airfield at Dharan for U.S.A.A.F.: Proposal to construct new airport at Bahrain (Hamala)’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file is concerned with proposals for the construction of an airfield – suitable for very heavy bombers – at Dhahran by the United States Army Air Transport Command as a wartime necessity, and applications from the United States to the United Kingdom for the latters support in obtaining permission from Saudi Arabia. See folios 239-241 for a brief on these proposals.The file also contains papers related to proposals for the post-war civil operation following the construction of the airfield, and the transfer of ownership from the United States to Saudi Arabia. Related papers concern proposals from Trans World Airlines for the development of civil aviation in Saudi Arabia, and counter proposals from the British Government for a civil air mission. This includes the use of Dhahran by the British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC).A typed copy of a report by a Ministry of Civil Aviation Technical Survey Party on aerodromes in the Middle East and Persian Gulf (1947) has also been included: see folios 26-55. The minutes of a subsequent meeting held by the Civil Aviation Planning Committee on 1 April 1947 to discuss the reports findings can be found on folios 18-19.The main correspondents in the file are as follows: HM Minister at Jeddah (Sir Laurence Grafftey-Smith), officials of the Foreign Office, officials of the Ministry of Civil Aviation, and officials of the India Office (Commonwealth Relations Office from August 1947).The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 260; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
46. Memoranda Relating to Departmental Views on the Conduct of the War in the East and the Administration of Mesopotamia
- Description:
- Abstract: The file comprises typescript, printed and manuscript memoranda, dated 1918 and 1920 by: Edwin Samuel Montagu, Secretary of State for India; Arthur James Balfour, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (up to October 1919); Henry Wilson, Chief of the Imperial General Staff, War Office; and Foreign Office officials as instructed by Lord Curzon, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (from October 1919).The memoranda cover the different views expressed by the Foreign Office, India Office and War Office, on the conduct of the War in the East and British policy in the Middle East, in particular the following:The effectiveness of policy being conducted by the Eastern Committee of the War CabinetThe roles of the Government of India and the India Office, and the Foreign Office, in that region, notably in Arabia, Persia [Iran] and Mesopotamia [Iraq]Whether a separate department should be established by the Foreign Office and War Office to deal with Middle Eastern affairsCriticism by the Eastern Committee, and the Foreign Office and Lord Curzon, of the administration of Mesopotamia by Arnold Talbot Wilson, Acting Civil Commissioner, notably for being too 'militaristic', anti-democratic, insufficiently focused on civil administration, and antagonistic to Arab nationalism.Several of the memoranda written in 1918 are responses by the Foreign Office and the War Office to Montagu's memorandum entitled 'War Cabinet. Eastern Committee. The War in the East', 5 July 1918 (ff 10-11), in which Montagu expresses doubts about the Eastern Committee's conduct of war policy in the Middle East. The memoranda written in 1920 document the Foreign Office's views on the 'Wilsonian policy being pursued in Mesopotamia' (ff 24-36).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 60; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio and are not circled.
47. File 1407/1918 'Kowait Trade Reports. (1911-1930)'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume comprises telegrams, despatches, correspondence, memoranda, and notes relating to the Kuwait trade reports for the years 1912-1930.The printed reports cover the period 1 April to 31 March and follow a similar format: a general narrative and sections on imports, exports, customs administration and lighterage, freight, shipping and navigation, sea fisheries, boat building, labour, minerals, domestic animals, agriculture, rainfall, public health, exchange rates and weights.Also included are statistical tables showing total imports and total exports by country. Further tables show total imports and exports of principal articles and by sailing craft and steamers and by quantity and value.Principal articles listed for imports include anchors, animals, arms and ammunition, barley, bamboos, cars, carpets, building materials, charcoal, coal, fruits, firewood, furniture, glass, goat hair, gunny bags, ironware, marine stores, oil products, petroleum, potatoes, rice, sail cloth, tobacco, and wood.Tables for export of principal articles (by buggalows and steamers) list the item and the country to which it is exported. These include animals (to India), barley (to Muscat and Germany), and shark-fins (to India). Export destinations listed include India, Bahrain, Muscat, Germany, the Persian Coast, and Turkish Arabia.Many of the reports include a map of Kuwait (folios 32, 54, 76, 95, 117, 145, 161, and 198).The report is sent by the Political Agent, Kuwait, to the Secretary to the Government of India in the Foreign Department and then forwarded to the Permanent-Secretary, Political Department, India Office, London. Covering minute papers of the Secret Department note the year of the report and sometimes also give a viewpoint.The volume includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 370; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
48. File 4535/1928 Pt 5 ‘PERSIAN GULF POLITICAL CONTROL IN:-’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence and other papers relating to political control in the Persian Gulf and Middle East, specifically the division of responsibility for this region between the India Office and the Government of India, the Foreign Office, and the Colonial Office.It includes papers relating to the following recommendations of Sir Hugh Trenchard, Chief of the Air Staff, made in an Air Staff Memorandum dated 8 May 1928: that the responsibilities of the Colonial Office should be extended to include Koweit [Kuwait], the Trucial Chiefs, and all political questions concerning the countries contiguous with Arabia; that one department of the Government, with the Air Ministry as advisers on air matters, should be made responsible for political and administrative action in Arabia, or at least in Iraq, Aden and Transjordan; and that the India Office and the Government of India should consider relieving themselves of their direct political and administrative responsibilities connected with Arabia. The related papers include those relating to the counter-proposal of the Government of India that a degree of the control removed from them following the report of the Masterton-Smith Committee of 1921 should be restored, and that they should now resume the position in the Gulf that they held before the First World War with regard to Bahrein [Bahrain], Kuwait, Muscat and the Trucial Chiefs.The file also includes papers concerning the following:The proposals of Sir John Cadman (Chairman of the Anglo-Persian Oil Company and the Iraq Petroleum Company) in a letter to the Prime Minister of August 1929 that control of the Middle East should be centralised under a single department of HM GovernmentLord Trenchard’s motion in the House of Lords of 20 May 1931 to ask whether HM Government would make a statement concerning an enquiry into the unification of control and policy in the Middle EastLord Lamington’s motion of 27 April 1932 to ask HM Government whether the desirability of having the affairs of the Arabic speaking peoples of Arabia, Egypt and the Sudan being dealt with by one Government Office had been consideredLord Lloyd’s motion of 21 March 1935 to call attention to the economic and political situation in the Persian Gulf.The main correspondents are as follows: the India Office; Hastings Lionel Ismay, Assistant Secretary of the Committee of Imperial Defence; the Government of India Foreign and Political Department; the Foreign Office; and the Colonial Office. Other correspondents include: the Air Ministry; the Admiralty Military Branch; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; Lord Trenchard; and John Cadman.Other papers in the file include India Office internal correspondence, India Office Political Department minute papers, memoranda, newspaper cuttings, extracts from minutes of the House of Lords, and the following:Notes by the India Office for the Sub-Committee on Political Control of the Committee of Imperial Defence Persian Gulf Sub-Committee, entitled ‘De Facto Position as Regards Political Arrangements in the Persian Gulf’ and ‘Distribution of (British) Administrative Responsibility in the Persian Gulf’Draft minutes of the 249th meeting of the Committee of Imperial Defence on 14 July 1930Papers of the Committee of Imperial Defence Standing Official Sub-Committee for Questions Concerning the Middle East.The file includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 381; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.