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205. 'MUSCAT.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume is comprised of printed telegrams between Viceroy of India Lord Curzon, the Secretary of State for India, and other British officials, concerning the Muscat (also spelled Maskat in places) question. This revolved around the issue of the leasing by the Sultan of Muscat of a bay at Bunder Jisseh [Bandar Jissah] near Muscat as a coaling station for the French.Topics discussed include:The lease by the Sultan of Muscat Sultan Faisal bin Turki [Sultan Fayṣal bin Turkī] of Bundar Jisseh for a coaling station to the FrenchThe British response to this including the despatch of gun boats and drawing up of an ultimatumQuestions concerning the 1891 agreement between Britain and the Sultan of MuscatThe withholding of a subsidy until Sultan Faisal exhibited behaviour compliant to Britain’s demands.Principal correspondents are: Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Arnold Kemball, Political Resident, Persian Gulf; Lord Curzon, Viceroy of India; Secretary of State for India; and the Political Agent, Muscat.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 291; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
206. 'Muscat: 1908-1928'
- Description:
- Abstract: Document outlining the administration and history of Muscat from 1908-28. Covering:administration – Sultan of Oman succession history; treaty relations; internal administration by Council of Ministers; role of the Political Agent, Muscat; and the responsibility for expenditure;1908 to 4 October 1913: Sultan Faisal – the successful suppression of arms traffic from Muscat;internal history of Muscat from the accession of Sultan Taimur, 4 October 1913 to 1928 – conditions for recognition of Sayid Taimur as ruler by His Majesty's Government; inefficiency of internal administration; proposals by the Political Agent for active interference in internal affairs by the Government of India and His Majesty's Government; the programme of reform accepted by the Sultan as condition of a loan; the results of the reform and loan; negotiations with Omani tribes; financial situation and the decision to employ a British Financial Advisor;relations between the Sultan of Muscat and Oman and the Ibadhi Tribes of Oman – the Oman Rebellion, 1913-21;foreign relations of Muscat, 1908-28 – treaty relations with France; relations with the United States of America, Dutch Government, Germany, Persia, and Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd];miscellaneous questions – the Muscat Order in Council; proposal for the establishment of a British Naval Base in the Musandim [Musandam] Peninsula; cession of Gwadur; oil in Muscat.It also includes a summary, lists points referred to in connection with the Persian Gulf Sub-Committee, and states the view expressed by the Government of India.Written by John Gilbert Laithwaite of the India Office.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 40, and terminates at f 48, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
207. 'View of Muscat, entrance of Persian Gulph'
- Description:
- Abstract: Inscriptions:On verso:'Muscat Cov: May 21st 1787''Delivered to Library 12th Octr 1811';In red ink: 'L.32' .Labels:Two East India Company Library’s stamps on recto and verso (oval, black)Physical description: Indian ink on paper; 130 x 200 mm; on sheet 250 x 300 mm
208. ‘Muscat Intelligence.’
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence cited in, or enclosed with, political letters from the Government of Bombay. These political letters appear in IOR/F/4/2416/130506. It is the fifteenth in a series of twenty-eight items on the Persian Gulf.The item contains three letters sent by Heskeil bin Yusoof [Khawājah Ḥizqīl bin Yūsuf], Acting British Agent at Muscat, to the Persian [Iranian] Secretary to the Government of Bombay, containing news from Muscat and Oman. Topics covered include:The visit of Syud Thooenee [Sayyid Thuwaynī bin Sa‘īd Āl Bū Sa‘īd], the Governor of Muscat, to Saib [Seeb], Burka [Barka], and Nukhil [Nakhal]The arrival of various ships at Muscat.The item contains a table of contents (f 602), and the title page (f 601) contains the following references: ‘Dft. No. 424 of 1851’, Collection No. 1, Vol. 15’, and ‘Examiner’s Office’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 601 and terminates at f 604, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
209. ‘Foreign Department Notes. Arms Traffic in the Persian Gulf.’
- Description:
- Abstract: Printed copies of correspondence and memoranda relating to the arms traffic in the Persian Gulf:a letter from Leonard William Reynolds of the Government of India, dated 29 June 1909 (ff 2-3)a confidential letter from the British Minister to Belgium, Arthur Henry Hardinge, to the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, Edward Grey, dated 3 May 1909 (f 4)a letter from the Political Agent at Maskat [Muscat], Robert Erskine Holland, dated 5 July 1909 (ff 4-5)a memorandum written by Wilfrid Malleson of the Intelligence Branch, Indian Army Headquarters, dated 10 July 1909, also signed by the Officiating Chief of Staff in India, Herbert Mullaly, and the Chief of Staff in India, Beauchamp Duff (ff 6-7)further copies of correspondence signed by Malleson, Mullaly, Duff, and others including the Commander-in-Chief in India, Horatio Herbert Kitchener, and the Foreign Secretary to the Government of India, Spencer Harcourt Butler (ff 8-10)a confidential memorandum written by Robert Erskine Holland, dated 27 June 1909 (f 11)Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 11; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: this part also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
210. 'Précis of Maskat affairs, 1892-1905; In two parts: Part I 1892-1898; Part II 1899-1905 By J A Saldanha, BA, LL B'
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume is a summary of events and information about Muscat and Dhofar [Oman] affairs, compiled by J A Saldanha, and printed in Simla in March 1906.The volume is marked as secret and divided into two parts: Part I 1892-98, mainly on the 1894-95 rebellion at Muscat, and the British proposal to create a Protectorate in reaction to it, and on the 1895-97 rebellion at Dhofar; and Part II 1899-1905 regarding French and British influences over the Sultan of Muscat, sanitary matters, and establishments and buildings belonging to the British Agency at Muscat.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
211. 'File 14/3 I Establishment; pay and allowances, correspondence re'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence and telegrams regarding staff, pay and allowances at the Post Office in Bahrain. The main subjects are: request for increase of pay from the Post Master at Bahrain, due to the high cost of living and the increased workload; allowance to the Post Office employees in Bahrain and Muscat; employment of two extra clerks in 1939 at the Bahrain Office.The file also contains correspondence on repairs requested for the Post Office building at Bahrain in 1939, which was then transferred to another building, rented from the Bahrain Government. Copy of the lease agreement is included in the file (folios 230-231)The correspondents are: the Superintendent of Post Offices, Lower Sind and Persian Gulf Division, at Karachi; the Director of Post and Telegraphs, Lower Sind and Baluchistan Circle, at Karachi (Rao Bahadur G N Naidu); the Post Master at Bahrain (Zafar Husain); the Adviser to the Government of Bahrain; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; and the Political Agent at Bahrain.The file contains a petition in Arabic, requesting to retain in post the Postman at Bahrain, and another letter in Arabic with English translation, from a Postman in Bahrain.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 278; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Two additional mixed foliation/pagination sequences are also present in parallel between ff 4-246 and ff 247-278 respectively; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
212. 'File 14/5 Visits of German Agents'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence relating to the visits of suspected German agents to the Persian Gulf region. The main correspondents include: Tom Hickinbotham (later Hugh Weightman), Political Agent at Bahrain; Trenchard Craven William Fowle (later Charles Geoffrey Prior), Political Resident at Bushire; Gerald Simpson de Gaury, Political Agent at Kuwait; the RAF Air Officer Commanding at Hinaidi, Iraq; and Shaikh Abdullah bin Qasim al Thani [‘Abdullāh bin Jāsim Āl Thānī], Ruler of Qatar. Recipients include: the Political Agency at Muscat, the British Consulate at Basrah, the British Embassy at Bagdad [Baghdad], the India Office, the Government of India, the British Ministry at Tehran, the British Consulate at Kerman, the Senior Naval Officer in the Persian Gulf, the British Minister at Jedda, and the British Consulate and Vice-Consulate at Bandar Abbas and Khorramshahr, respectively.The file covers the discussion over the visits of the following four suspected agents:Auguste Rudolf Lindt, a Swiss journalist, and his British-born wife, who visited Kuwait, Bahrain, Muscat, and Kerman;Baron Von Schirach, suspected of visiting Bahrain, though no trace of him is found;Kurt Lori, a German electrical and wireless engineer who visited Kuwait and requests to visit Bahrain in search of work, which is denied;Jack Wolters and his (unnamed) brother, believed to be in the Gulf region and to be arrested if found.Included in the file is a letter (folio 25) in English and Arabic from Weightman to Shaikh ‘Abdullāh, dated 9 October 1939, requesting that he arrest Wolters and his brother should they try to enter Qatar. It is followed by ‘Abdullāh's compliant response (folio 26).At the back of the file (folios 27-29) are internal office notes.Physical description: Foliation: The main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover and terminates at the back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Two additional foliation sequences are also present between ff 4-26 and ff 27-29 respectively; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence.
213. 'File 18/19 Conferment of UK Nationality on Certain Indian and Pakistani Residents in the Persian Gulf'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file consists of a letter from William Rupert Hay, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf to R E Ellison, Political Agent, Muscat, dated 19 February 1949 asking him to establish how many members of the Hindu community in Muscat had been resident there for over two generations, and whether certain other communities in Muscat originating from the Indian sub-continent considered themselves Indians or Pakistanis. Hay writes that there was no need to take Gwadur [Gwadar] into consideration at that time. The letter encloses copies of correspondence from the Commonwealth Relations Office and Foreign Office dated January 1949 relating to the future of the Hindu community in Muscat, and the proportion of that community that would become United Kingdom citizens under the terms of an amendment to the British Nationality Act, 1948.The covering dates of the correspondence (the main body of papers in the file) are 20 January 1949 - 19 February 1949. The closing date in the overall date range is provided by an entry in the notes at the rear of the file.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at 1 on the front cover and terminates at 6 on the last folio before the back cover. The numbers are written in pencil and appear in the top right hand corner of the recto page of each folio.
214. ‘File 28/32 I Recruitment in Persian Gulf states’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains copies of correspondence and other papers relating to investigations into the prospect of recruiting large numbers of labourers from the Persian Gulf, for non-combatant military work in Basra, and later on, civilian (oil refinery) labour at Abadan. The principal correspondents in the file are: the Political Agent at Bahrain (Edward Birkbeck Wakefield); the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Geoffrey Prior, and Lieutenant-Colonel William Rupert Hay as Officiating Political Resident); and Colonel Charles Marriot of the 3rd Auxiliary Pioneers, PAIFORCE [Persia and Iraq Force].The file includes:correspondence dated May 1942, relating to an initial proposal from the War Council for the recruitment of men from the Persian Gulf states for (chiefly) non-combatant service, and enquiries made to the Political Agents in the Persian Gulf as to whether there would be any objection from the rulers in the region (ff 2-9);correspondence dated July to August 1942, relating to arrangements made by the Tenth Army for a recruitment tour to the Persian Gulf, and enquiries made to the Political Agents as the degree of success that such a tour might have (ff 10-14);correspondence relating to Colonel Charles Marriot’s visit in January 1943 to Bahrain to assess the prospects of recruitment in the Persian Gulf region (ff 16-18), his subsequent report on his visit (ff 30-31), and his subsequent correspondence with the Political Agent at Bahrain over the delays and increasing unlikelihood of the recruitment scheme taking place (ff 34-36, ff 40-41);a copy of a secret memorandum, dated 12 November 1942 entitled ‘Recruiting in the Persian Gulf’ (ff 20). Following the memorandum are several annexes: copies of letters from the Political Agents at Kuwait, Bahrain, and Muscat, offering assessments of the recruitment prospects in their respective areas (ff 21-22); copies of documents indicating rates of pay and allowances for recruits, clothing and equipment lists, field service ration schedules, and rates for permanent partial disability compensation for Iraq (ff 23-29);correspondence relating to assessments that up to 2,000 Bahrain subjects could be recruited to work in Basra or elsewhere, in light of the depressed economic situation and unemployment in Bahrain (f 33, ff-38-39, f 42);correspondence relating to a request from PAIFORCE, made in April 1943, for civilian labour to work at the oil refinery at Abadan, and the Political Agent at Bahrain’s response that there is now no surplus labour available at Bahrain, due to construction work at the Royal Naval and Royal Air Force bases in Bahrain, and the extension of the Bahrain Petroleum Company’s (BAPCO) refinery facilities (ff 44-57).Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the back cover with 66; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 2-41; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. Pagination: the file notes at the back (ff 61-65) have been paginated using pencil.
215. 'File 29/7 I Consular: Passport and Visa Regulations (governing Bahrain, Muscat, Kuwait and other Shaikhdoms)'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence and documents related to passport and visa regulations in the various Shaikhdoms of the Gulf, primarily in Bahrain, Kuwait and Muscat.The majority of the correspondence is between Charles Belgrave, Adviser to the Government of Bahrain; the Political Agency in Bahrain; the Political Residency in Bushire and other British officials, both in the region and in London.The file also contains a limited amount of correspondence in Arabic, including letters to the Political Agency in Bahrain from Shaikh ‘Abdullāh bin Jāsim, the Emir of Qatar.On folios 134-135, the file contains a Foreign Office memorandum entitled 'Travel Documents for Persons proceeding to, and for Natives of, Certain British Protectorates and Certain Arab States'.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 292; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 9-260; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence.
216. 'File 29/33 PRICE CONTROL'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence about fixing profit rates on several goods including wheat, dates, sugar, rice, spare parts, watches and typewriters, as well as the relaxation of price controls on commodities usually classified as luxury goods, such as cigarettes, toiletries and medicines. Most of these goods are described as imports from India, the United Kingdom and the United States of America, to Manama and Muharraq in Bahrain. The file also contains complaint letters from both the Singer Sewing Machine Company in Baghdad and Electric & Musical Industries Limited in England, regarding the adverse effect of Bahrain price controls on their profit margins. Also included in the file are the minutes of two meetings of the Bahrain Government's Food Control Committee about the removal of price controls and export restrictions, as well as new and amending Price and Export Control Orders for Bahrain in 1946 and 1947, drafted by the Political Agent. Most of the file correspondence is between the Political Agent at Bahrain and the Director of Customs and Port Officer for Bahrain (also acting in his dual capacity as Food Controller).Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 76; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-29; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence.