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13. 'Memorandum respecting Koweit'
- Description:
- Abstract: This is a confidential memorandum, printed for the use of the Foreign Office on 30 October 1901, and authored by Robert Venables Vernon Harcourt, dated 29 Oct 1901. The memorandum primarily focuses on the position of Koweit [Kuwait] in regards to Turkey (Ottoman Empire) from 1871 onwards. In the left and righ hand margins there are references to various correpondence, reports and agreements between 1878 and 1901, as well as giving subject headings, which include: 'Difficulties with Turkey', 'German railway scheme', 'Dispute between Koweit and Nejd [Najd]', 'Defences of Koweit', 'Use of Turkish flag in Koweit', and 'Proposal to make Koweit a port of call for Mail-steamers'. Folios 150 to 151 include extracts of correspondence from Henry Charles Keith Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, and Anthopoulo Pasha, dated 11 September 1901, and Admiral Sir Day Hort Bosanquet, Commander-in-chief, East Indies, to Admiralty, dated 31 August and 4 October 1901. There is an Annex between folios 152 and 153, which includes a translated agreement ('Arabic bond') with the Sheikh of Kuwait, Mubārak bin Ṣabāḥ Āl Ṣabāḥ, dated 23 January 1899, signed by Lieutenant-Colonel Malcolm John Meade, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf at Bushire, and witnessed by E Wickham Hore, Captain of the Indian Medical Service (IMS), John Calcott Gaskin, and Muhammad Rahim bin Abdul Nebi Saffer [Muḥammad Raḥim bin ‘Abd al-Nabī Ṣafar], Native Agent at Bahrain and friend of the Sheikh of Kuwait; and a translation of an Arabic letter from Meade to the Sheikh of Kuwait, dated 23 January 1901.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation for this description commences at folio 143, and terminates at folio 153, since it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in the top right-hand corner of the recto of each folio. These numbers are written in pencil, but are not circled.Pagination: This section of the volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
14. '1914 5094 PARTS 1&2. TURCO-PERSIAN FRONTIER COMMISSION'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume comprises telegrams, despatches, correspondence, memoranda, and notes, from 1914 to 1918 relating to the delimitation of the Turco-Persian border. It contains two parts IOR/L/PS/10/522/1 and IOR/L/PS/10/522/2.The discussion relates to leave and leave allowances to civil officers and subordinates who served with the Commission, and medals awarded by the Persian Government in recognition of services with the Commission.IOR/L/PS/10/522/2 contains reports on the Turco-Persian Frontier.The principal correspondents in the volume include the Secretary of State for India, Sir John Broderick; the Under-Secretary of State, India Office; and the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, Foreign Office.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the first folio with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 198; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The front and back covers, along with the two leading and two ending flyleaves, have not been foliated. A previous foliation sequence, which is present between ff 170-198 and is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
15. Papers written by Curzon on the Near and Middle East
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence, memoranda, maps, and notes on various subjects connected to the Near and Middle East. The majority of the papers are written by George Curzon himself and concern the settlement of former territories of the Ottoman Empire following its break up after the First World War. Matters such as the Greek occupation of Smyrna, the division of Thrace, the Greco-Turkish War, Georgian independence, and the Treaties of Sèvres and Lausanne are all discussed.Other matters covered by the file include those concerning the Arab territories of the former Ottoman Empire, American advisers in Persia, and the future of Palestine, including a report by the Committee on Palestine (Colonial Office) dated 27 July 1923 (folios 168-171).Correspondence within the file is mostly between Curzon and representatives of the other Allied Powers, as well as officials from other governmental departments and diplomatic offices.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 174; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
16. Persian Affairs
- Description:
- Abstract: This item comprises copies of enclosures to a despatch from the Government of Bombay Secret Department to the Secret Committee, Number 81 of 1847, dated 30 September 1847. The enclosures are dated 14 June-14 August 1847.The primary documents are despatches of Lieutenant-Colonel Justin Sheil, HM Envoy and Minister Plenipotentiary at the Court of Persia [Iran], to the Chief Secretary to the Government, Bombay, forwarding for the information of the President and Governor in Council, Bombay, and the Governor-General of India, copies of his despatches to Viscount Palmerston, HM Principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs. The enclosures in Sheil’s despatches notably include copies of his correspondence with the Persian Prime Minister, Hajee Meerza Aghassee [Ḥājjī Mīrzā (ʿAbbās Īravānī) Āqāsī], and copies of correspondence of or with: Major Henry Creswicke Rawlinson, Political Agent, Turkish Arabia [Ottoman Iraq]; Major Samuel Hennell, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; Keith Edward Abbott, HM Consul in Tehran; and Lord Cowley, HM Minister at Constantinople [Istanbul].The despatches cover numerous matters, including the following:1) The involvement of Sheil, Richard White Stevens, the British Consul in Tabreez [Tabriz], the Governor of Bagdad [Muḥammad Najīb Pāshā, Governor of Baghdad], and Rawlinson, in the reconciliation of Rassool Pasha [Rasūl Pāshā], the ex-Meer of Rewandooz [Mīr of Rawandiz, Iraqi Kurdistan], with the Governor of Bagdad, subsequent to the former’s unsuccessful attempt at rebellion (ff 5-8).2) The Persian Government’s political tensions with the Turkish Government [Ottoman Porte] notably regarding:Military preparations of the Porte for the reduction of the ‘insurgent’ Bedr Khan Bey [Badr Khān Beg], Chief of Bohtan [also known as Buhtan and Bokhti], and the approach of a detachment of the Turkish Army to Van (bordering north western Persia)The slow progress of peace negotiations at Erzeroom [Erzurum] and Persian suspicions concerning perceived favouritism by the mediating powers (Britain and Russia) towards TurkeyThe potentially disastrous effect on Persian inhabitants (notably in religious places such as Kerbella [Karbala]) of new Ottoman regulations prohibiting the subject of any foreign power acquiring property of any kind in the Turkish dominions and the intention to apply the regulations retrospectivelyThe allegation that Persian ‘Mahomedan’ [Muslim] subjects are treated less favourably than Russian ‘Mahomedan’ by Turkey with regard to the passport taxes enforced by the Governor of BagdadThe refusal of the Turkish Government to remove their Guard Ship near Mohemmera [Khorramshahr, formerly Mohammera, also spelled Muhammera in this item] to a position further up the Shat-ul-Arab [Shatt al-Arab River].3) Sheil’s annoyance with Hennell for asking Rawlinson to obtain from the Ottoman Porte orders for the authorities at Bussorah [Basra] to seize all Persian vessels taking refuge in the Shat-ul-Arab which have committed acts of ‘piracy’ or ‘outrage’ in the Persian Gulf, since the privilege was given discreetly by the Governor of Fars without the knowledge of the Persian central government who may withdraw it should it become widely known (ff 18-20).4) Sheil's concerns regarding the apparent extension of Russian influence in Asterabad [Gorgan] and his suggestion that Mr Abbott, HM Consul in Tehran, visit that place since no one of the British Mission has been there since 1845 (f 25).5) Sheil’s efforts to persuade the Persian Government to adhere to its alleged promise to replicate the action of the Ottoman Porte and issue a firman [edict] for ‘the abolition of the traffic in slaves in the Persian Ports of the Persian Gulf’ (f 37), including: the claim of the Shah [Muḥammad Shāh Qājār, Shāh of Persia] that his refusal is for religious reasons; Hajee Meerza Aghassee’s claim that the Shah’s true motive is irritation at the delay in concluding treaty negotiations at Erzeroom (which he apparently blames on mediators Britain and Russia); Sheil’s conviction of Hajee Meerza Aghassee’s responsibility for the evasion originating in his influence over the Shah; the Shah’s agreement that since the ‘Queen of England has ordered her ships of war to stop and seize all slaving vessels…there is an end to the trade no more slaves will be brought to Persia’; and reports that since the Treaty of Erzeroom, Mohemmera has become a Persian market for enslaved persons (ff 27-43 and 79-90).6) Sheil’s report that Messrs Alexander Hector and Co, British merchants in Bagdad, HM Consul in Tehran, and Mr Mills an English merchant of Sheeraz [Shiraz], have all concluded agreements to each supply 200,000 muskets to the Persian Government, noting that as the latter cannot afford the cost the manufacturers should not import the entire amount (f 57).7) Disapproval expressed by Sheil and Abbott with regard to Hector and Co acquiring the legal title to a thirty-year old debt originally owed to Gaspar Khan [Gaspar Khān], a Turkish subject, by Mahomed Ali Meerza, Prince Governor of Kurmanshah [Muḥammad ‘Alī Mīrzā, Prince Governor of Kermanshah], a Persian subject, as it could draw the British Government into inappropriate litigation (ff 96-101).8) The agreement concluded by HM Consul in Tabreez, between the Governor of Oroomeeya [Urmia, or Orumiyeh], Afshar Chiefs and proprietors, and Daood Khan [Daud Khān] (a Christian nominated by Sheil and the Russian Minister Count Medem [Aleksandr Ivanovich Medem] to superintend the Nestorian Christians of Oroomeeya) for a more equitable arrangement for both ‘Mahomedans’ and Christians (ff 53-60).9) Hindrances to the ratification, by the Persian and Turkish Governments, of the Treaty concluded at Erzeroom on 31 May 1847, notably: the objections of the Persian Government and Prime Minister to the Porte’s ‘needless’ insistence that Persia officially declare that Turkey’s cession of Mohemmera does not imply the abandonment of any other territory or port belonging to Turkey, and that Turkish territory in which Persian tribes have settled is not devolved to Persia, and agree to the non-fortification of the Shat-ul-Arab. Included is Sheil’s correspondence with Hajee Meerza Aghassee (ff 62-67 and 117-126).10) Sheil’s complaint to Hajee Meerza Aghassee regarding the detention in Asterabad, on the orders of Sulieman Khan [Sulaymān Khān, also spelled Saleeman Khan in this item], Governor of Asterabad, of a reply messenger sent by the Khan of Khiva with gifts and letters for Sheil, and demand for the recall to Tehran of Sulieman Khan, an apology, and the reimbursement of the messenger's losses (ff 68-79).11) Detailed observations by Sheil on the composition, condition and strength of the artillery force of Persia (ff 102-112), specifically the regular and the irregular infantry and cavalry. In his critical assessment Sheil alleges corruption, poor conditions, incompetence, indiscipline, insubordination, lack of training, defective arms, poor uniforms, lack of medical facilities, poor transport, and badly administered systems of food distribution and pay, whilst praising the soldierly quality of ‘a native of Persia’ as ‘robust, healthy, cheerful and full of alacrity, patient of hunger, cold and fatigue, in short of every hardship excepting thirst…’ (ff 104-105).12) Sheil’s opinion that a general state of disorganisation is creeping over Persia, notably: detailing various disturbances in the province of Khorassan [Khorasan] and Khuzistan [Khuzestan]; criticising the ‘corruption, deceit, incompetency, falsehood, ignorance, poverty of the Government and people and ….mutinous troops’; and lamenting the role of the elderly Hajee Meerza Aghassee whom he asserts monopolises every function of government but has ‘ceased to possess the energy mental or bodily, for even a partial performance of its duties’ (f 115).13) The movement of Persian troops to Khorassan which has lately been cut off from all communication due to the ‘marauding’ incursions of the Toorkomans [Turkoman or Turkmen people], and rumours of a force collected by ‘rebel’ Jaffer Koolee Khan [Jaʿfar Qulī Khān, also spelled Jaffir Koolee Khan in this item], Chief of Boojnoord [Bojnord] to threaten Persia, including: confirmation that infantry and guns have marched from Tehran but are ordered to wait at Bestam [Bastam, also spelled Bastian in this item] (half way to Meshed) for reinforcements who refuse to march without receiving arrears of pay from the Persian Prime Minister; and Sheil's fear that the disorganised and untrained Persian force would lose in any engagement with Jaffer Koolee Khan.Physical description: 1 item (129 folios)
17. Persian Affairs
- Description:
- Abstract: This part of the volume consists of a copy of an enclosure to a despatch from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai] Secret Department to the Secret Committee, Number 96 of 1847, dated 13 November 1847. The enclosure is numbered 3 and is dated 14 September 1847. The enclosure consists of a letter from HM Minister Plenipotentiary at the Court of Persia [Iran], Lieutenant-Colonel Justin Sheil, to the Chief Secretary to the Government of Bombay, forwarding under flying seals copies of despatches addressed by him to HM Principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, Viscount Palmerston, and letters to HM Minister Plenipotentiary to the Ottoman Empire, Lord Cowley, dated 12 August to 4 September 1847.These despatches and letters concern matters including:The Treaty of Erzeroom [Erzurum] between Persia and the Ottoman Empire, including: Sheil’s attempts to persuade the Persian Prime Minister Hajee Meerza Aghassee [Ḥājī Mīrzā (ʿAbbās Īravānī) Āqāsī] of the expediency of Persia establishing a tariff with Turkey; Sheil's efforts to persuade the Persian ministers to accompany the ratification of the treaty with a confirmation of the explanations of certain points given by the representatives of the mediating powers, including the explanation relating to the construction of fortifications on the opposite banks of the Shatt-Ool-Arab [Shatt al Arab]; and ‘the breach of promise contemplated’ by Nejeeb Pasha [Gürcü Mehmet Necip Pasha, or Muḥammad Najīb Pāshā, Wali or Governor of Baghdad] in relation to the removal of war ships from the vicinity of Mohemmera [Khorramshahr]The ‘spirit of insubordination’ amongst the Persian troops, and the revolt in Khorassan [Khorasan], including: an incident in which a ‘considerable body of troops’ had forced their way into Hajee Meerza Aghassee’s house and demanded their pay, and another incident in which a body of troops had surrounded his house and not allowed him to leave; the troops refusing to march without payment of their arrears, and the ‘great disorganisation’ in their ranks; Hajee Meerza Aghassee extracting 70,000 tomans left in the treasury by the late Shah to pay the soldiers; 4,000 Persian infantry and six guns marching towards Khorassan, with about 1,500 being expected to be despatched in the next few days, to join the previous detachment at Bestam [Bastam]; news that the 2,000 troops sent in advance to Bestam had made a forward movement to Kalpoosh [Kalpush], where ‘an action’ had taken place, resulting in the troops of Jaffer Koolee Khan [Jaʿfar Qulī Khān] retreating, and the opposing troops taking possession of his position; Hajee Meerza Aghassee and the Shah’s rejections of Sheil’s proposal to intervene between the Government and the Salar [Moḥammad-Ḥasan Khān Sālār] and Jaffer Koolee Khan, in an attempt to settle the revoltSheil’s success in settling with the Persian ministers the claim of Hajee Nooroodeen [Ḥājī Nūr al-Dīn], a British subject, against the Persian Government, with the Governor of Fars agreeing to pay Hajee Nooroodeen 8,000 tomans in instalmentsThe Resident in the Persian Gulf, Major Samuel Hennell, informing Sheil that he had learnt that it was the intention of the Governor of Bender Abbas [Bandar ‘Abbas], Shaikh Syd [Shaikh Saʿīd] (an official of the Imaum [Imam] of Muscat, with the latter renting the port and the adjoining district from Persia), to blockade the Persian ports of the Persian Gulf, ‘under the pretext of retaliating injuries suffered by him from the Governor of Fars, but in reality for various frivolous [and] insufficient reasons’ Sheil asserts, and Sheil’s recommendation to Hennell that he should use every legitimate means in his power to prevent this from happeningSheil’s report that further to his despatch No. 67 of 29 June regarding the ‘misconduct’ of the Governor of Asterabad [Gorgan], Suleiman Khan [Sulaymān Khān], the latter had been brought to Tehran and apologised to Sheil for his treatment of the Khan of Khiva’s servant and admitted stealing his property; that Hennell had received 350 tomans from the Persian Government on this account which he had paid to the servant; and that despite his very negative opinion of Suleiman Khan, Hennell had yielded to the appeals of the Persian Government and signified to the latter that he would not oppose the resumption of Suleiman Khan’s GovernmentSheil’s lack of success in his attempts to persuade the Shah to abolish the ‘traffic’ in enslaved African people by sea through the Persian ports of the Persian Gulf.Enclosure No. 3 includes enclosed correspondence between Sheil and Hajee Meerza Aghassee.The enclosure also includes a letter from Sheil to the Secretary to the Government of India with the Governor-General (dated 14 September 1847), requesting to be informed as to what privileges or protection the Governor-General considers a Persian, or other foreign vessel, carrying English colours [a British flag] should be entitled to claim.Physical description: 1 item (39 folios)
18. Persian Affairs
- Description:
- Abstract: This item comprises copies of enclosures to a despatch from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai] Secret Department to the Secret Committee, Number 57 of 1847, dated 16 June 1847. The enclosures are dated 14 April-14 May 1847 (although some internal copy documents date back to 26 February 1847). (Note: the abstract erroneously dates the second enclosure 14 April 1847).The primary documents are letters from Colonel Justin Sheil, HM Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at the Court of Tehran, chiefly to the Right Honourable Viscount Palmerston, GCB, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, and the Government of India, including copies of relevant correspondence.Numerous major and minor political, diplomatic and commercial subjects are covered in this item illustrating: tensions between Persia [Iran] and Ottoman Turkey whilst treaty negotiations were taking place at Erzeroom [Erzurum, Anatolia] and the role of the British embassy at Tehran as a mediator; relations between Britain, Persia, Turkey, France and Russia; internal Persian politics; and Sheil’s representation of British interests and individuals in the Persian dominions. Matters notably covered are (in this order in the item):Controversy over the nationality of an Armenian named ‘Stepan’, employed by English merchants at Tabreez [Tabriz], previously nationalised as a Russian and unsuccessfully seeking Persian citizenship to avoid having to journey to Russia to renew his identity certificatesSheil’s impatience with the Persian Government’s delay in sending a new consul to Baghdad and using the British Consul, Major Henry Creswicke Rawlinson, as the representative of their interests therePersian indemnity claims against Turkey following events at Mohammera [Khorramshahr, formerly Mohammerah], Rewandooz [Rawanduz?] and Kerbella [Karbala]; tensions over Turkey relinquishing Mohammera but not some of the (Persian owned) lands around it; and British and Russian mediation to have claims of both sides dropped in treaty negotiationsBritish and French commercial competition in relation to Persia, notably armaments sales, and British concerns about the Persian envoy to France stopping at the French Embassy in Constantinople [Istanbul] on his way back to Paris and ‘meddling’ in treaty negotiationsReturn to Tehran of the Governor of Khorassan, for certain criticized actions in the province; his rivalry with Persian Prime Minister Hajee Meerza Aghassee [Haji Mirza Aqasi] (who wants him banished); and his unsuccessful soliciting of Sheil’s public supportUncertainty surrounding the Shah’s purported plans to march an expedition against the ‘refractory’ Toorkoman people [Turkomans] in the region of Asterabad [Gorgan, formerly Astarabad] and Sheil’s advisory against it due to the remoteness of the region, the Shah’s poor health and because it could appear provocative to the Turkish authorities (the expedition did not take place)The Persian Prime Minister’s objections to a Turkish vessel of war anchoring at mouth of the Haffar estuary/canal ‘offensively’ close to Mohammera on the pretext of deterring ‘piracy’ and Sheil’s appeal to the Government of India to press the Turks to remove it as it impeded treaty negotiations at ErzeroomPersian complaints against a Turkish requirement that Persian travellers and pilgrims purchase a highly priced Turkish passports to visit the shrines in their dominions, when Russian Muslims are exempt from this taxEmbarrassment caused to Sheil by the continued presence of Agha Khan Mehellatee [Hasan Ali Shah Mahallati] in Bombay under British protection and the Government of India’s delay in fulfilling the terms of an agreement with the Shah to settle the Agha Khan in Calcutta [Kolkata]; and news that the Agha Khan’s brother is warring against the Shah in Kerman using English gunsThe unsuccessful attempt of Sheil’s envoy to trace English captives in territory of the newly enthroned Khan of KhivaComplaints received by Sheil of monetary harassment of British merchants and seizing of their property in Sheeraz [Shiraz] by Persian authoritiesSheil’s refusal to provide official protection to German missionaries, converted from Judaism to the Church of England (and sent by the London Missionary Society), arriving in Isfahan to convert Jewish people to Christianity, as it is against Shah’s laws to proselytizeThe Persian Government’s complaint regarding rumours that the Turks are constructing a fort on the right bank of the Shatt-ool-Arab [Shatt al-Arab] opposite Mohammera and British response that if they are it is probably in retaliation for Persia building forts near the Turkish frontier in Azerbijan [Azerbaijan]Fate of the medal of the Order of the Lion and Sun belonging to the late Persian Consul at Baghdad, and an embarrassing dispute between his executors and the French Consul General, Baron de Weimar, which drew in the involvement of the British Consul and the Pasha [Governor] of BaghdadPersian complaint regarding import and additional duties payable by Persian merchants in the Ottoman dominions and claims that they violate the convention of Balte Liman [Treaty of Balta Limani 1838]Sheil’s attempts to persuade the Shah to issue an edict outlawing the ‘traffic of slaves’ [enslaved persons] within his dominions, similar to the edict issued by the Ottoman Porte; the Shah’s refusal on the grounds that it is against Islamic law to prevent the possible conversion of ‘heathens’ from Africa to Islam; Sheil’s correspondence with the Persian Prime Minister who intimates the real reasons the Shah will not cave in to pressure are his annoyance with the British delays in sending the Agha Khan to Calcutta, for imprisoning of the Persian Consul in Bombay, and the protracted negotiations with Turkey at Erzeroom.Physical description: There is an abstract of contents of the despatch, numbered 1-4, on folio 71. These numbers are repeated for reference on the verso of the last folio of each enclosure.
19. Maps Relating to the First World War in the Former Ottoman Empire
- Description:
- Abstract: Maps Relating to the First World War in the former Ottoman Empire. As follows:f 1 Northern Persia [Iran] and Caucasia: map fragment [1916?]f 2 The Ottoman Empire north of 33°N. 1916ff 3-4 'Arabia and Middle East'. Friendly and hostile confederations. [1916?]f 5 'The Middle East'. Published by 'Admiralty War Staff I[ntelligence].D[ivision].' [1914]f 6 'Russian Turkistan to accompany Military Report on Russian Turkistan'. Published by the General Staff India, 1914f 7 'Map of Eastern Turkey in Asia, Syria and Western Persia'. With manuscript annotations relating to the Hejaz railway. 1915-[1917?]f 8 'Persia and Afghanistan'. Published by the War Office, 1912f 9 'Persia and Afghanistan'. Published by the War Office, 1916f 10 'Sketch map of Arabia'. With manuscript additions showing 'Friendly' and 'Hostile' Confederations. 1906-[1916?]f 11 'A Map of the Countries Between Constantinople and Calcutta [Kolkata] including Turkey in Asia, Persia, Afghanistan & Turkestan.' Western portion only. With manuscript additions showing the positions of military forces and updates to communications. Published by Edward Stanford, Ltd, 1912. 1912-[1917?]f 12 'A Map of the Countries Between Constantinople and Calcutta including Turkey in Asia, Persia, Afghanistan & Turkestan.' Western portion only. With manuscript additions showing the positions of religious sites, naval bases, oil sites and updated railway information. Published by Edward Stanford, Ltd, 1912. 1912-[1917?]f 13 'Medina-Mecca. Published by the Survey of Egypt for Arab Bureau; under authority from the War Office, Nov. 1916.' With manuscript additions showing the disposition of troopsf 14 'Map of Syria'. With manuscript additions. Created by the War Office, December 1918f 15 'Portion of Chart No. 748B showing sea line within which lies the Arabian Peninsula.' [1918?].Physical description: 15 map sheets
20. Maps Showing the Disposition of Troops in the Eastern Ottoman Empire and Surrounding Areas between 1919 and 1922
- Description:
- Abstract: Ten War Office maps, three with attached folios, portraying the disposition of troops in the aftermath of the Mesopotamia campaign of the First World War. As follows:ff 1-1a 'Persia and Afghanistan. 7. Feb. 1919.'f 2-4 'Map of Eastern Turkey in Asia, Syria and Western Persia [Iran]. Disposition. 7.4.20.'f 5 'Eastern Turkey in Asia. Situation on 17.5.20.'f 6 'Syria & Mesopotamia. Situation on 17.5.20.'ff 7-7a 'Anatolia. Situation on 17.5.20.'ff 8-8a 'Map of Eastern Turkey in Asia, Syria and Western Persia. Map Showing Present Disposition of Troops With Reference to Railheads...12.6.20'f 9 'Sketch Map of Turkey in Asia. Military Situation'. 1916-1920?f 10 'Anatolia. Disposition of Turkish Western Army so far as is known from sources up to 29th. Sept[ember]. 1922.'Physical description: 10 map sheets and 3 folios
21. Maps and Associated Documents Relating to the Post-war Realignment of Boundaries in the Former Ottoman Empire
- Description:
- Abstract: Maps and documents prepared for the re-alignment of boundaries in the former Ottoman Empire in the aftermath of the First World War. As follows:f 1 'Sketch Map of Asia Minor, showing approximate course of Roads and Railways'. With boundary additions. Engraved by Emery Walker Ltd. [1915-17]f 2 Western Turkey, showing the Zone of the High Commissioner and areas ceded to Greece and Italy. [Early 1890s-1920?]ff 3-4 'Boundary of Demilitarized Zone about Constantinople [Istanbul]. (Meeting of Allied Naval & Military Advisors, London 16.2.20.)' Created by the Geographical Section, General Stafff 5 'Izmir (Smyrna)'. With boundaries and population statistics added in manuscript. 1916-20f 6 'Anatolia'. Created by the War Office August 1919 with boundaries and population statistics added to 20 February 1920f 7 'Anatolia'. Created by the War Office August 1919 with boundaries and proposed boundaries added to 30 March 1920f 8 'Map No. 1. Turkey in Europa. Zone of the Straits, Smyrna, the [Aegean] Islands'. Created by 'S[ervice].G[éographique de l'].A[rmée]. 28.7.20.'f 9 'A Map of Turkey in Asia'. Proposed division of Ottoman Empire after the First World War. [1918?]f 10 'Map to illustrate the Agreements of 1916 in regard to Asia Minor, Mesopotamia, &c.' Created by Edward Stanford. [1918?]f 11 'Map to illustrate the Agreements of 1916 in regard to Asia Minor, Mesopotamia, &c.' Created by Edward Stanford and the Foreign Office, October 1918ff 12-14 'Map to illustrate the Agreements of 1916 in regard to Asia Minor, Mesopotamia, &c.' Created by Edward Stanford and the Foreign Office, January 1919ff 15-16 'Map to illustrate the Agreements of 1916.' Turkey in Asia. Created by Edward Stanford, October 1919ff 17-23 'Maps illustrating Memorandum respecting the Settlement of Turkey and the Arabian Peninsula.' [Published by the Political Intelligence Department, Foreign Office, 21 November 1918]ff 24-30 'Maps illustrating Memorandum respecting the Settlement of Turkey and the Arabian Peninsula.' [Published by the Political Intelligence Department, Foreign Office, 21 November 1918]f 31 'Map of Eastern Turkey in Asia, Syria and Western Persia [Iran]'. With international boundary annotations. 1917-20?f 32 'Map of Eastern Turkey in Asia, Syria and Western Persia'. With repatriation annotations. 1917-20?ff 33-34 'Map of Eastern Turkey in Asia, Syria and Western Persia'. With overprints showing ethnic information, boundaries and communications. 1917-20?ff 35-35a 'Map of Eastern Turkey in Asia, Syria and Western Persia (Ethnographical)' with attached key. 1917-19f 36 [Map of Eastern Turkey in Asia, Syria and Western Persia]. Fragment of south-east corner, with additional railway information. 1917-18f 37 'Arménie. Dressèe par le Capitaine de Corvette Z. Khanzadian' [1919]f 38 'Map to show territory which was Turkish prior to War 1914-'18 which it is proposed to include within Northern, Western and Southern Boundaries of Armenia.' Created by the Geographical Section, General Staff, 1920f 39 'Persia and Afghanistan'. With manuscript additions showing 'Persian Territorial Claims'. 1919-1919?ff 40-40a 'Caucasus Boundaries' with attached note. [1919]f 41 'Tabriz'. Created by the Royal Geographical Society and the War Office. With manuscript additions. 1916-20f 42 'The Middle East'. Published by 'Admiralty War Staff I[ntelligence].D[ivision].' With manuscript additions showing Arabic language areas. [1917]f 43 'The Middle East'. Published by 'Admiralty War Staff I[ntelligence].D[ivision].' With manuscript additions showing areas of British direct control and spheres of special political influence. [1917]f 44 'Syria. Jaffa – Damascus'. Published by the War Office. With manuscript additions showing boundary information. 1916-[1920?].Physical description: 42 map sheets and 8 folios
22. Letters from Harford Jones to Jacob Bosanquet, John Blankett and Robert Abbott
- Description:
- Abstract: Copies of three letters from Harford Jones, newly appointed Resident in Bagdad [Baghdad], sent from Vienna and Constantinople [Istanbul] en route to Bagdad in July-August 1798:1. A letter to Jacob Bosanquet, Chairman of the Court of Directors of the East India Company, sent from Vienna and dated 25 July 1798. The letter concerns Jones’s meeting with Sir Morton Eden, British Minister in Vienna, and information concerning the British and French fleets in the Mediterranean.2. A letter to Commodore John Blankett or the commanding officer of any British ship at Muscat, sent from Constantinople and dated 18 August 1798. The letter reports on the invasion of Egypt by French forces and the reaction of the Porte [Government of the Ottoman Empire], which has reportedly issued orders to ports in the Red Sea to assist British ships.3. A letter to Robert Abbott, East India Company Agent in Aleppo, sent from Constantinople and dated 18 August 1798. The letter informs Abbott of Jones’s appointment as Resident in Bagdad and asks for information regarding: the surplus of grain in Syria; roads from Latichia [Latakia], Alexandretta [İskenderun], and Tripoli to Aleppo and the Euphrates; the navigability of these ports; local tribes and their leaders; and the disposition of the population towards France, with a view to assessing the threat of a French force reaching the Euphrates via Syria.Physical description: 1 item (2 folios)
23. Letter from Harford Jones to Henry Dundas
- Description:
- Abstract: A copy of a letter from Harford Jones, newly appointed Resident in Bagdad [Baghdad], to Henry Dundas, Secretary of State for War, sent from Constantinople [Istanbul] en route to Bagdad and dated 24 August 1798.The letter reports Jones’s arrival in Constantinople and dispatch of correspondence. It also covers subjects including:Reports from Egypt following the French invasion led by General Napoleon BonaparteThe reaction of the Sultan [Selim III, Sulṭān of the Ottoman Empire] and the population in Constantinople to the French invasion of EgyptJones’s speculations on the Porte’s [Government of the Ottoman Empire] likely response to the French invasion, arguing that the only resistance to Bonaparte is likely to come from the ‘Arabs’ [tribes] and Pashaws [Pāshās, governors] on the frontiers of the EmpireJones’s appeals to the Bacha of Bagdad [Büyük Sulaymān Pāshā, Governor of Baghdad] to protect access to the Persian Gulph [Gulf] via the Euphrates from a possible French advanceReports from Smyrna [Izmir] that firmans [edicts] have been issued by the Porte ordering assistance to be given to British warships and declaring Bonaparte a ‘rebel’.Physical description: 1 item (6 folios)
24. Political No. 2 of 1873, Forwarding Papers regarding the Difficulties which Exist on the Persian-Turko Frontier
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of copies of a Political Despatch from the Government of India Foreign Department to the Secretary of State for India, dated 3 January 1873 and received by the India Office Secret Department on 1 February 1873, forwarding copies of papers (some of which are in French) regarding the difficulties which exist on the Persian-Turko Frontier, in continuation of Political Despatch No. 136 of 1 July 1872, and with reference to the Secretary of State for India’s despatch No. 120 of 18 October 1872.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 6, and terminates at f 28a, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The sequence contains eight foliation anomalies: f 6a, 7a, 13a, 14a, 15a, 21a, 22a, and 28a.
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