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25. Letter from Harford Jones to Henry Dundas
- Description:
- Abstract: A copy of a letter Harford Jones, Resident in Bagdad [Baghdad], to Henry Dundas, Secretary of State for War, sent from Bagdad and dated 26 April 1799.Jones reports that he has sent a messenger to Syria to obtain information on the French campaign led by General Napoleon Bonaparte. The letter also mentions a siege of Herat by Shah Zadeh Mahmood [Mahmūd Durrānī], the departure of the Hadge [Haj] caravan from Damascus, and the capture of Heifa [Haifa] by French forces. Jones also expresses a lack of faith in the Government of Bagdad after its reaction to the French invasion of Palestine.Physical description: 1 item (2 folios)
26. PZ 1115/1938 'Col. Dickson's visit to Riyadh and conversations with Ibn Saud.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file consists of correspondence and other papers mainly relating to the private visit of Colonel Harold Richard Patrick Dickson to Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and his three private conversations with King Ibn Saud.It includes correspondence between John Charles Walton, India Office, and Dickson, including a letter from Walton to Dickson of 2 November 1937 enclosing a summary of Dickson’s three private conversations with Ibn Saud, in which the views of Ibn Saud on Palestine and relations with the British Government are quoted (folios 33-44). The file also includes correspondence between Walton and the following concerning the visit: George William Rendel, Foreign Office; Sir Findlater Stewart, India Office; and M J Clauson, India Office.There is also correspondence between the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf and the Secretary of State for India, and between H. Lacy Baggallay, Foreign Office, and M J Clauson, India Office.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 48; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
27. Middle East Committee and Eastern Committee
- Description:
- Abstract: This file relates to two War Cabinet committees: the Middle East Committee (originally named the Mesopotamian Administration Committee), and the Eastern Committee, both chaired by George Curzon.The first half of the file consists almost entirely of printed minutes of meetings of the Middle East Committee, dated 19 January, 26 January, 2 February, and 18 February 1918 respectively (ff 2-9). The main topics of discussion in these minutes are British policy in Palestine and future British policy in Mesopotamia.The second half of the file contains correspondence received by Curzon regarding the workings of the Eastern Committee, which inherited the responsibilities of the Middle East Committee (ff 10-21). The correspondents are as follows: Maurice Pascal Alers Hankey, War Cabinet; Edwin Samuel Montagu, Secretary of State for India; Robert Cecil, Foreign Office. The letters discuss the dissemination of the committee's minutes among military representatives, the frequency and attendees of committee meetings, and whether the committee should be severed from the War Cabinet and absorbed by the Foreign Office's recently created Middle East Department. One letter touches on Anglo-Persian relations.Also included is a note by Curzon, dated 27 October 1918, regarding a memorandum from the advisory committee of the Foreign Office's Eastern Department (ff 17-18).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1, and terminates at the final folio with 21; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
28. Coll 30/217(1) 'Trans-Arabian Pipe Line (Persian Gulf - to Mediterranean)'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file concerns oil company proposals for the construction of a Trans-Arabian oil pipeline between the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean. The file largely consists of papers relating to Trans-Jordan and Palestine, and to a lesser extent, Saudi Arabia and Egypt (including correspondence from the Colonial Office, the High Commissioner for Palestine, and the Ministry of Fuel and Power, and memoranda issued by the Cabinet Chiefs of Staff Committee).The papers also include: correspondence concerning a proposal from the Arabian-American Oil Company (Aramco) for a hydrographic survey of the coast of Koweit [Kuwait] (including the Kuwait Neutral Zone), May-August 1945; and discussion of agreements between various oil companies (including the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey, and the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company) relating to Kuwait oil, December 1946-June 1947.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 154; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
29. Coll 17/4 'Iraq-Syria & Syria-Transjordan frontier: delimitation'
- Description:
- Abstract: Papers regarding negotiations to amend the borders between French-mandated Syria, and British-mandated Iraq and Trans-Jordan. The papers discuss the boundaries established by the Sykes-Picot Agreement and the Treaty of Sèvres, the British push for the inclusion of Amadiyah within the Iraq mandated territories, and the issue of tribal groups crossing border regions. The papers primarily consist of communications between the Foreign Office, the Secretary of State for the Colonies, and the High Commissioner for Iraq, with occasional commentary from the India Office Political Department.The file also contains copies of treaties, minutes and appendices from the Committee of Imperial Defence, Standing Sub-Committee for Questions Concerning the Middle East, and minutes and documents circulated by the Council of the League of Nations, including:Memorandum by the High Commissioner for Iraq, stating objections to the frontiers established by the Treaty of Sèvres, including two maps, ff 375-380.Minutes and appendices of the Foreign Office meeting of 13 July 1931, including copies of the Humphrys-Ponsot Draft for Combined Reference to the Council of the League of Nations, and a copy of the Agreement between HMG and the French Government respecting the Boundary Lines between Syria and Palestine from the Mediterranean to El Hammé, Treaty Series No. 13 (1923), ff 315-349.Papers circulated at the Committee of Imperial Defence Sub-Committee meeting of 8 September 1931, including correspondence with the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs concerning the Beirut formula, ff 238-314.Minutes of the Committee of Imperial Defence Sub-Committee meeting of 23 September 1931, including a sketch map of the Syria-Trans-Jordan frontier, and a report by the British Resident at Trans-Jordan, ff 141-209.Second report by Sir Francis Humphrys on his negotiations in Paris regarding the Syrian frontier, and annexes comprising draft agreements, ff 67-75.Excerpt minutes of the 65th Session of the Council of the League of Nations, 9 December 1931, including copies of the joint request for arbitration submitted by Britain and France, ff 48-66; plus minutes of the sessions on 31 October 1931, and 30 January 1932, ff 37-46.Copy of the League of Nations Mandate, Report of the Commission entrusted by the Council with the Study of the Frontier between Syria and Iraq, Geneva, 10 September 1932 (Official reference: C. 578. M. 285. 1932. VI), ff 6-28, which includes four maps (IOR/W/L/PS/12/2848 (i), IOR/W/L/PS/12/2848 (ii), IOR/W/L/PS/12/2848 (iii) and IOR/W/L/PS/12/2848 (iv)).The volume includes a divider giving a list of correspondence references contained in the volume by year. This is placed at the end of the correspondence (folio 4).Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 388; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 4-385; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
30. Coll 5/35 ‘Sale of Auster Aircraft by Govt of India to Govt of Iraq’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains telegrams related to the sale of ten Auster aircraft by the Government of India to the Government of Iraq; communication between the Indian and Iraqi governments is facilitated by the British Embassy in Baghdad. The file documents a delay in the release of these aircraft as a result of a United Nations Security Council Resolution to prohibit the import of war materials into Palestine, and the eventual decision by the Government of India to release the aircraft in January 1949.The main correspondents are as follows: the UK High Commissioner in India, HM Ambassador to Iraq (Sir William Henry Bradshaw Mack), officials of the Commonwealth Relations Office, and officials of the Foreign Office.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 36; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
31. Coll 5/40 ‘Air Route to India (Persian Gulf): Increase in frequency of Imperial Airways Service’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains a notification from the Air Ministry (folio 18) dated 10 December 1934, informing the India Office of a proposal by Imperial Airways to duplicate their service between the United Kingdom (UK) and India. It also contains an explanatory note prepared for a meeting at the Air Ministry on 22 March 1935, on the necessity of introducing night flying between Cairo and Calcutta early in 1936, in order to facilitate the Empire Air Mail Scheme: see folios 2-6. A draft memorandum for transmission to HM representatives in Egypt, Palestine, and Iraq, outlines the facilities required in these countries to enable night flying: see folios 7-16.The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 19; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is present between ff 15-18 and is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
32. Coll 5/43 ‘Night flying facilities in the Persian Gulf in connection with the Empire Air Mail Scheme’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence, meeting notes (at the Air Ministry on 9 November 1934 and 22 March 1935), and memoranda regarding proposals to introduce night flying across the Persian Gulf as part of the Empire Air Mail Scheme. The focus of the file is on the following routes: Cairo-Karachi and Alexandria-Karachi, each with an intermediate stop at Bahrain. It details the anticipated extra facilities required in terms of wireless equipment, lighting equipment, meteorological equipment, and general ground organisation. The additional facilities are broken down geographically into facilities needed in Iraq, Palestine and Transjordan, and Egypt.The main correspondents are as follows: the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf(Trenchard Craven William Fowle), officials of the Air Ministry (D L Allen, W W Burkett, and Francis Claude Shelmerdine), and officials of the India Office (Miles John Clauson and John Gilbert Laithwaite).The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 78; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
33. Coll 6/8(2) 'Printed Series. 1938–'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file consists of printed copies of correspondence received by the Foreign Office, which have been compiled by the India Office's External Affairs Department. Most of the correspondence is addressed to the Foreign Office by the British Minister at Jedda, Sir Reader William Bullard. Other received correspondence includes letters from His Majesty's Consuls at Benghazi and Damascus enclosing translated extracts from Damascus and Benghazi newspapers.Subjects covered include:Plans for an Arab convention at Mecca, to be held during the 1937 pilgrimage season.Protests from Mussalmans [Muslims] in Tripolitania against a proposal [made by the Peel Commission] to partition Palestine.Reports of Palestinians amassing large quantities of what is referred to as 'anti-British propaganda' for distribution in Mecca.British relations with Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd], including Bullard's accounts of his meetings with Ibn Saud.Italian-Saudi relations, including discussion of a recent delivery of arms from Italy to the Saudi Government.The future of Saudi Arabia in the event of Ibn Saud's death.The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the front of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at inside back cover with 19; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
34. Coll 6/51 'Pan-Islamic Congress, 1933-5. Activities of Shaukat Ali, the Mufti of Jerusalem and others.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file documents British concerns regarding the pan-Islamic movement, particularly in Palestine but also in other parts of the Middle East.The file features the following principal correspondents: the Viceroy of India; the Secretary of State for India; His Majesty's Ambassador in Cairo (Miles Wedderburn Lampson); the High Commissioner for Palestine (Arthur Grenfell Wauchope); His Majesty's Minister at Jedda (Sir Andrew Ryan); the President of the Supreme Muslim Council, Palestine [Muḥammad Amin al-Husayni]; officials of the Foreign Office, the Government of India's Foreign Department, the Government of Palestine, and the Palestine Police Force's Criminal Investigations Department, Jerusalem.The correspondence includes discussion of the following:Reports on the activities of Mohammed Ali Allouba Pasha.The visit of Shawkat Ali [Maulana Shaukat Ali] in 1933.British concerns regarding the impact in other Muslim countries of what is referred to as Arab Palestinian propaganda.Details of the visit of an Islamic delegation to India in 1933, headed by the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem [Muḥammad Amin al-Husayni], for the collection of funds for a proposed Islamic University in Palestine.Arrangements for a proposed financial contribution (one lakh of rupees, or 100,000 rupees), to be made by the Nizam of Hyderabad's Government towards the proposed Islamic University in Palestine.The views of Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] on Palestine.The visit of Emir Saoud [Sa‘ūd bin ‘Abd al-‘Azīz Āl Sa‘ūd] to Palestine in August 1935.Foreign Office concerns regarding a suggestion made by the Viceroy of India (Victor Alexander John Hope, 2nd Marquess of Linlithgow) in July 1940 that a pan-Islamic conference should be convened to encourage Muslim feeling against Axis expansion into British territory in the Middle East.In addition to correspondence, the file includes the following:Copies of extracts Palestine police summaries from 1933-1935.A copy of a translation of a memorandum (author unknown) written in 1935, which discusses British policy regarding Palestine, as well as Jewish immigration and Zionism, from a Palestinian Muslim perspective.The French material in this file consists of a copy of a French translation of a sermon given by Sheikh el Maraghi [Muhammad Mustafa al-Maraghi] in early 1938.The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence (folio 2).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 161; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-160; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
35. Coll 6/78 'Italian propaganda amongst the Arabs.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file documents steps considered and taken by the British to combat reported Italian anti-British propaganda and disseminate pro-British propaganda in the Middle East and beyond.The file's principal correspondents are the following: His Majesty's Ambassador in Rome (Eric Drummond); the British Consul-General, Addis Ababa (Hugh Stonehewer Bird); His Majesty's Chargé d’Affaires, Addis Ababa (Patrick Maxwell Roberts); the British Consul-General, Batavia (Henry Fitzmaurice); His Majesty's Chargé d'Affaires, Jedda (Albert Spencer Calvert); His Majesty's Minister at Jedda (Reader William Bullard); officials of the Foreign Office, the India Office, and the Government of India's External Affairs Department.Included in the correspondence is discussion of the following:Ibn Saud's [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] views on Italian activities in the Middle East.The movements of Shakib Arslan of the Syria Palestine Islamic League, including his reported visit to Rome in November 1936.The Italian regime in Ethiopia (including its education system) and the effect of Italian propaganda on Ethiopia's Muslim population.Reports of the publication of a manifesto in Libya that claims for Mussolini the title of 'Protector of Islam'.Accounts of speeches and statements given by Mussolini regarding Italy's attitude towards Muslim populations.Reported Italian sympathies amongst the Arab population in Palestine.Reports of Italian-inspired anti-British propaganda in the Dutch East Indies (mainly in Java), and the possibility of counteracting its effect on the local Arab population by sending pro-British Arabic periodicals to influential Arab residents there (also considered is the possibility of sending visitors from the Persian Gulf to deliver pro-British lectures).Italian propaganda regarding the financial assistance provided by the Italian authorities for Ethiopian Muslims to make the pilgrimage to Mecca.Steps taken by the British authorities in Alexandria to combat anti-British propaganda in Egypt, which include establishing a pro-British magazine named Zahrat el Sharq.The Arabic language material consists of a copy of the first issue of the aforementioned magazine, Zahrat el Sharq, dated 18 July 1938 and mainly consisting of pro-British propaganda. The French language material consists of several items of correspondence and a copy of a text which translates into English as 'Islam Policy of Italy'.The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence (folio 2).Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 229; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-229; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
36. Coll 17/7(1) 'Iraq and Palestine: agreement for transit through Palestine of goods to and from Iraq; Baghdad-Haifa railway'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence, reports and minutes regarding road and rail transport through Iraq, Trans-Jordan [Jordan], Palestine, Syria and Iran. The following topics are discussed in detail:The proposed construction of a Baghdad-Haifa rail route. The file also includes records regarding the planned transfer of the Iraqi Government Railway from British to Iraqi control.Transport developments and trade routes in Syria, and economic competition between French- and British- mandated territories in the region.Proposals for the development of free zones at the port in Haifa, for Iraqi and Persian [Iranian] goods. This includes discussion of customs dues, and facilities to be offered to foreign governments.Proposals by Haim Effendi Nathaniel, the Iraqi Railways Canvassing Agent, for facilities to assist in the development of a trans-desert motor route between Iraq and Palestine, and the right to carry Iraqi mails via the Amman ['Ammān] route.Customs and Trade Agreements between French-mandated territories and Iran.The principal authors and correspondents are: HM High Commissioner for Palestine; HM High Commissioner for Iraq; the Foreign Office Eastern Department; the Secretary of State for the Colonies; HM Minister at Tehran; and the Committee of Imperial Defence, Standing Ministerial and Official Sub-Committee for Questions Concerning the Middle East. The volume also contains a small number of communications received from the Government of Iraq.The volume contains the following items of note:Minutes of a meeting between the Iraqi Treasurer and Haim Effendi Nathaniel, regarding the Baghdad-Haifa Desert Motor Route, held on the 18 January 1933, ff 425-428.Records of a meeting between the Treasurer, the Iraqi Delegation, and the Director of Customs at Palestine, regarding the proposed free zone facilities at Haifa for Iraqi goods, and the establishment of terminal facilities and a preferential tariff, ff 371-392.Draft minutes of a meeting of the Committee of Imperial Defence, Standing Ministerial and Official Sub-Committee for Questions Concerning the Middle East, held Monday 17 July 1933, regarding: 1) the proposed pipeline from the British Oil Development Company's concession near Mosul to the Mediterranean, and 2) the Trans-Desert Railway from Baghdad to Haifa. Plus related despatches received from Baghdad, Aleppo and Beirut, notes on the strategic value of the Baghdad-Haifa railway by the Secretaries of State for Air and War, ff 326-357.Communication from the High Commissioner for Iraq (Francis Henry Humphrys) to the Foreign Secretary (John Simon), summarising the development of road and rail transport routes between Iraq, Syria and Palestine from 1925-1934, ff 247-249.English translation of the Decree of the French High Commissioner in Syria, 'Governing the Regime of Customs Exemptions granted to Transdesert Transport Concerns maintaining regular services of the transport of international transport goods', ff 222-236.Minutes of meetings of the Committee of Imperial Defence, Standing Ministerial and Official Sub-Committee for Questions Concerning the Middle East, held 11 and 23 October 1934, regarding the proposed Baghdad-Haifa route, ff 139-177, 90-107, and 70-89.Memorandum on the Baghdad-Damascus desert route, prepared by the Commercial Secretary to the Baghdad Embassy, 1935, ff 5-10.The volume also contains a proposal by the Palestine Corporation Limited to construct a highway connecting Palestine and Iraq, found at folios 14-30. This proposal is discussed in depth in the second part of the file, IOR/L/PS/12/2852.The volume includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the volume by year. This is placed at the end of the correspondence (folio 1).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 526; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the two leading and ending flyleaves. A previous foliation sequence has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
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