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553. Enclosure in Letter from Henry Willock to the Secret Committee of 6 Jul 1820
- Description:
- Abstract: A copy of a letter from Henry Willock, HM Chargé d'Affaires in Persia [Iran], to Mountstuart Elphinstone, Governor of Bombay [Mumbai], sent from Tabriz and dated 4 July 1820.The letter concerns the refusal of the Persian Government to cede an island in the Gulf to Britain.The letter was enclosed in Willock's letter to the Secret Committee of the Court of Directors of the East India Company dated 6 July 1820 (IOR/L/PS/9/69/29).Physical description: 1 item (2 folios)
554. Enclosure in Letter from Henry Willock to the Secret Committee of 8 Feb 1821
- Description:
- Abstract: A copy of a letter from Mountstuart Elphinstone, Governor of Bombay [Mumbai], to Henry Willock, HM Chargé d’Affaires in Persia [Iran], sent from Bombay Castle and dated 3 October 1820.The letter concerns Anglo-Persian relations following the 1819 British campaign against ‘piracy’, in particular the occupation of Kishma [Qeshm] by British troops. It also reports the planned deployment of Indian troops to relieve the forces in the Gulf.The letter was enclosed in Willock’s letter to the Secret Committee of the Court of Directors of the East India Company dated 8 February 1821 (IOR/L/PS/9/69/56).Physical description: 1 item (3 folios)
555. Enclosure in Letter from Henry Willock to Joseph Dart of 6 Aug 1820
- Description:
- Abstract: Extracts of a letter from Henry Willock, HM Chargé d'Affaires in Persia [Iran], to the Chief Secretary of the Supreme Government of India, sent from Tabriz and dated 25 July 1820.The letter concerns Anglo-Persian relations in the Gulf following the 1819 British expedition against ‘piracy’. Subjects covered include: a request from the Prince Royal ['Abbās Mīrzā, Crown Prince of Persia] for British support in conquering Bahrein [Bahrain]; Willock’s offer to negotiate a tributary relationship between Bahrein and Persia; the desired cession of an island for a British base in the Gulf, refused by the Persian Government; and the planned occupation of Kishma [Qeshm] by British troops.The extracts were enclosed in Willock’s letter to Joseph Dart, Secretary to the Court of Directors of the East India Company, dated 6 August 1820 (IOR/L/PS/9/69/42).Physical description: 1 item (6 folios)
556. Enclosure in Letter from Willock to the Secret Committee of 25 Jan 1822
- Description:
- Abstract: A translation of a note from Henry Willock, HM Chargé d’Affaires in Persia [Iran], to Mirza Abdul Wahab [Mīrzā Abdul Wahāb Nishāt Isfahānī], Foreign Minister of Persia, sent from Tehran and dated 12 December 1821.The letter reports Willock’s assumption of the mission of Andrew Jukes to Persia following Jukes’s death. It addresses the issue of the British occupation of Kishma [Qeshm] as a base against ‘piracy’, and expresses hope that William Bruce will be permitted to return to his post as Resident at Bushire [Būshehr].The note was enclosed in Willock’s letter the Secret Committee of the Court of Directors of the East India Company dated 25 January 1822 (IOR/L/PS/9/69/81).Physical description: Condition: the letter was perforated in an attempt to stop the spread of disease.
557. Enclosures to Bengal Secret Letters of 21 December 1808, 20 January and 3 April 1809
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence relating to affairs in Persia [Iran] and the Persian Gulph [Persian Gulf]. The principal correspondents are: Sir Harford Jones [later Jones-Brydges], Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the Court of Persia; Lord Minto [Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 1st Earl of Minto], Governor-General of the Presidency of Fort William; Neil Benjamin Edmonstone, Chief Secretary to the Government of Bengal; Brigadier-General Sir John Malcolm, Commander of the Expedition to the Persian Gulph; Captain Charles Pasley, Acting for Malcolm as Envoy to the Court of Persia; Jonathan Duncan, Governor in Council at Bombay; Francis Warden, Chief Secretary to the Government of Bombay; and Andrew Jukes, Surgeon and Acting Resident at Bushire [Bushehr, also spelled Bushere in this volume]. Further correspondence, included as enclosures, comes from: Jafer Ali Khan [Ja‘far ‘Alī Khān, various spellings in this volume], Native Agent at Schyras [Shiraz, various spellings in this volume]; Mahomed Nebee Khan [Muḥammad Nabī Khān Shirāzī, various spellings in this volume], Vizier of Schyras; Prince Hooseen Alee Meerza [Ḥusayn ‘Alī Mirzā Farmānfarmā, various spellings in this volume], Prince-Governor of Fars; the King of Persia [Fatḥ ʻAlī Shāh Qājār]; Nasr Oolah Khan [Naṣr-Allāh Khān Qaragūzlū, various spellings in this volume], Vizier to the Prince-Governor of Fars; Mohumed Hussein Khan Karagoozloo [Muḥammad Ḥusayn Khān Qaragūzlū, various spellings in this volume], a Persian official; Meerza Sheffee [Mirzā Shafi’ Māzandarāni], Grand Vizier (First Minister) to the King of Persia; and Claudius James Rich, Resident at Bagdad [Baghdad].The volume covers the following matters:The diplomatic mission of Harford Jones: his arrival and reception at Bushire; his journey to Schyras and onwards to Tehran; correspondence with Persian officials and royalty; discussion of possible treaty articles, particularly in connection to promises made by Malcolm and Pasley during their earlier diplomatic mission; discussion of the appropriate degree of ostentation the mission should adopt; and discussion of the appropriate style and form of communication to be used between Jones and Persian officialsThe progress and movements of the French Embassy in Persia, under General Gardanne [Claude-Matthieu, Comte de Gardane]European politics in connection with the Napoleonic Wars and specifically concerning relations between Britain, France, Russia, and the Ottoman Empire, including reports of the signing of the Treaty of Dardanelles, 5 January 1809, which brought an end to the Anglo-Ottoman War of 1807-09The Government of Bushire, including the removal of Shaik Abdoul Ressoul [Shaikh ‘Abd al-Rasūl Khān Āl Madhkūr] as Governor because of his treatment of MalcolmPolitical affairs in Persia, often reported by Jafer Ali Khan and his informantsMalcolm’s Expedition to the Gulph to establish a British naval and commercial settlement on the island of Karrack [Kharg, various spellings in this volume], including: the political reasons behind the expedition; the abandonment of the expedition and the disbanding of the expedition force at Bombay; how (erroneous) reports of Malcolm’s imminent arrival in the Gulph were (or might be) received in Persia and Bagdad, and the impact this might have on Jones’s missionEvents along Persia’s northern frontier, as part of the Russo-Persian War of 1804-13, particularly those at Erivan [Yerevan]Charges made by Lord Minto against the conduct of Jones and the latter's response to these charges.The letters found on folios 132-180 are duplicates of those found on folios 47-85.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 303; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading flyleaf.
558. Treaty with the Ameers of Sind; and Persian Gulf Affairs
- Description:
- Abstract: This item comprises enclosures to a despatch from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai] Secret Department to the Secret Committee: Bombay Secret Letter 25 May 1821. The enclosures are dated 20 December 1820-12 May 1821. (Attached to folio 5 is a note, f 5a, stating that the ‘Enclosure in Bombay Secret Letter of 18th October 1820 is missing’).The initial enclosure (numbered 1) is a letter dated 10 February 1820 from George Swinton, Secretary to the Government at Fort William, to Francis Warden, Chief Secretary to the Government, Bombay, conveying the Governor-General’s pleasure that the threatened rupture of relations between the British Government and the Ameers of Sind [Amirs of Sindh] has been averted and a treaty negotiated, and approbation of Captain Sadler who was sent as an envoy to Hyderabad to restore good relations.The remaining enclosures, with their relevant enclosures, are: despatches from Henry Willock, HM Chargé d’Affaires in Tahran [Tehran] to the Marquis of Hastings, Governor-General of Bengal; despatches from H R Deschamps, Acting Political Agent and Captain Commanding at Kishma [Qeshm, also spelled Kishm and Kishmee in this item], to Francis Warden; and instructions issued by Warden to Dr Andrew Jukes with relevant enclosures. They relate to the complaint by Persia [Iran] about the British occupation of the island of Kishm, and comprise the following groups of papers:(1) Willock’s correspondence with the Persian Prime Minister and with the Minister for Foreign Affairs, in which Willock disputes the Persian contentions on the following points:Whether the occupation of Kishm is a violation of Article 11 of the Treaty between Persia and Britain (prohibiting British ships of war going to Persian ports without express permission)Whether the Imaum [Imam] of Muscat, had the right to authorize the relocation of the British detachment at Rosul-Khyma [Ra's al-Khaymah, also spelled Ras-sol-Khyma in this item] to Kishm and Hengaum [Hengam] and if Muscat is a dependency of Bunder Abassi [Bandar Abbas] and hence of PersiaWhether it is the prerogative of the Prince of Fars to take steps to prevent ‘piracy’ (of the Joasemees [al-Qawāsim]) and ensure security in the Persian Gulph [Gulf] or if a permanent British naval presence was and is more effectiveWhether Captain William Bruce, Political Resident in the Persian Gulph [Gulf], should be removed from his post (and pay reparation for damaged and lost property) for interfering at Bahrein [Bahrain] in efforts to suppress ‘piracy’ which were the business of the Prince of Sheraz [Shiraz] and the Imaum of Muscat; and for being responsible for the ‘unwarranted’ seizing of the arms of 300 men of Lingua [Bandar-e-Lengeh] and fourteen of their boats which were all destroyed following a storm, and for the burning of ships at the port of Charack [Bandar-e Chārak, also spelled Charak in this item], in alleged retaliation for attacks on British subjects.The correspondence also covers Willock’s attempts to: dissuade or delay the sending of Persian representatives to Kishm and Bombay, respectively, to ask the British to leave Kishm and to remonstrate over the occupation to the Government of India; and to exonerate Captain Bruce from responsibility for the events at Lingua and Charack.(2) Letters from the Acting Political Agent and Captain Commanding at Kishma, to the Chief Secretary to the Government, Bombay, reporting that he has placated the vakeel sent with a letter (ff 29-30) by the Hussin Ally, Prince of Shiraz [Husayn 'Ali Mīrzā Farmānfarmā, Prince-Governor of Fārs] and that he has received intelligence that the Prince is amassing a force of 12,000 near Bunderabbas [Bandar Abbas], which could not be repulsed by the small British military establishment on the island (detailed on f 30).(3) Detailed background and instructions (ff 34-43) to Dr Jukes issued by the Government of Bombay for his mission to the Persian Gulph in which he is to allay the claims and suspicions of Persia and conduct himself as the situation, however it develops, may warrant. In particular Jukes is instructed: to investigate the claims of the Imaum of Muscat and Persia to the island of Kishma; verify whether the Prince of Shiraz has amassed a force near Bunder Abbas; direct the detachment to withdraw to Muscat if hostilities look inevitable; how to act with regard to Captain Bruce; to be the Political Agent at Kishme on the recall of Captain Thompson. The instructions are accompanied by copies of letters of authority, introduction and information (ff 44-65), including: letters from the Government of Bombay addressed to Willock, the King [Shah] of Persia, the Prince of Sheeraz [Shiraz] and the Imaum of Muscat; detailed report by Major-General Lionel Smith, dated 23 April 1821, on the advantages of Kishme and how to best use it to check ‘piracy’ and in general how to police the Gulph (ff 48-57); and letters to the Officer Commanding the Troops and Acting Political Agent, and the Officer Commanding HC [Honourable Company] Cruisers at Kishm.The last enclosure ends with a list of the four enclosures comprising Bombay Secret Letter 25 May 1821.Physical description: The despatch comprises enclosures numbered 1-4. The enclosure number is written for reference on the verso of the last folio of each enclosure.
559. Notes Prepared for Reference during Curzon’s Tour of the Persian Gulf, and Other Papers on Persia and the Persian Gulf
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains papers relating to Persia [Iran] and the Persian Gulf, including a document entitled ‘Notes on current topics prepared for reference during his Excellency the Viceroy’s tour in the Persian Gulf, November 1903.’ It also includes printed extracts of letters relating to the tour from Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Arnold Kemball, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, and Major Percy Zachariah Cox, Political Agent at Maskat [Muscat], dated August to October 1903.In addition, the file includes the following papers:Handwritten notes by George Nathaniel Curzon, Viceroy of India, including notes on Muscat, Koweit [Kuwait], and the Mekran [Makran] CoastMemoranda concerning KoweitA copy of a letter from Colonel Charles Edward Yate, Agent to the Governor-General and Chief Commissioner in Baluchistan, to the Secretary to the Government of India Foreign Department, forwarding the camp diary kept during his tour in Makran and Las Bela, from 1 December 1901 to 25 January 1902A copy of a 'Report on a Journey from India to the Mediterranean via the Persian Gulf, Baghdad and the Euphrates Valley, including a Visit to the Turkish Dependency of El Hasa' by Captain J A Douglas, Staff Captain, Intelligence Branch, Quarter Master General’s Department in India, 1897 (which includes three sketch maps: Mss Eur F111/358, f 138; Mss Eur F111/358, f 158; and Mss Eur F111/358, f 141).Folios 232 to 338 largely consist of printed copies of correspondence between Sir (Henry) Mortimer Durand, HM Minister at Teheran [Tehran], and the Marquess of Salisbury (Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil), Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, dated 1895-1896, relating to Persia.The file includes a copy of a Collective Letter addressed by the Turkish, British and French Consuls to the Valiahd regarding the Tabriz Riots, 5 August 1895, which is in French (folios 332).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 339; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
560. Notes on Coins, Weights and Measures, and Conditions of Trade at Various Ports in the Persian Gulf, Indian Ocean and the South China Sea
- Description:
- Abstract: This untitled volume was written by John Pybus, an employee of the East India Company from 1742 to 1768. It contains notes relevant to trade in ports of the Persian Gulf, Indian Ocean, and South China Sea. Subjects include:The weights, measures, and currencies used in different ports, and methods of converting between these units and British Imperial measurementsDescriptions of trading ports, including routes by which a ship could reach them, goods that can be traded in each port, and customs feesAdvice on the most profitable methods of trading in different portsMethods of assessing the quality of gold, silver, pearls, and other commoditiesThe personalities of important individuals at each port.The volume also includes a letter from Governor Thomas Bradyll and his council at Fort William, Calcutta [Kolkata] to Richard Bourchin and David Findlay, giving instructions for a trading voyage to Manila via Malacca.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 97; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: The volume also contains an original handwritten pagination sequence.
561. Abstract of Contents of a Despatch relating to the Slave Trade between the Coasts of Africa and the Persian Gulf
- Description:
- Abstract: This part of volume consists of an abstract of contents of a despatch from the Government of Bombay Secret Department to the Secret Committee, Number 16 of 1841, dated 28 February 1841. The enclosures listed are not included in the volume; there is a note on the verso of folio 385 (and a later note on the recto of folio 383), stating that the enclosures were sent to Lord Palmerston, 23 April 1841.The enclosures listed are dated 6 October 1840 to 3 February 1841, and mainly consist of correspondence and minutes, concerning the slave trade between the Coasts of Africa and the Persian Gulf.Physical description: 1 item (3 folios)
562. File 12/9 Visits to Bahrain of government officials and others
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence sent and received by the Political Agent at Bahrain regarding the arrangements and programmes for visits to Bahrain of the following:the Minister at Jedda, Sir Andrew Ryan, visiting the Gulf;the Political Agent at Kuwait;Mr Rendel of the Foreign Office;Dr Pawelke, Secretary to the German legation in Baghdad;Mr Loxle;the British Ministry at Tehran, Mr and Mrs Seymour, visiting Qatar and Bahrain;Princess Alice and Earl of Athlone, on a private visit to Ibn Saud and to Bahrain, Qatar and to the California-Arabian Standard Oil (CASOC) oil camp at Al Khobar;the British Ministry in Jedda, Sir Reader Bullard;the British Ambassador at Baghdad, Sir Basil Cochrane Newton visiting Bahrain, Dubai, Muscat and CASOC at Dharhan (account of his tour on folios 246-256);Emir Saud [Sa‘ūd bin ‘Abd al-‘Azīz Āl Sa‘ūd] visiting Baghdad;the Officers of the Geological Survey of India visiting the Persian Gulf.The documents in the volume are mainly in English. There is correspondence in Arabic with English translations, with Shaikh Ḥamad bin ‘Īsá Āl Khalīfah, Ruler of Bahrain, Shaikh Abdullah bin Qasim Al Thani, Ruler of Qatar, and the Government of Saudi Arabia at Al Khobar.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1 , and terminates at the inside back cover with 287; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Two additional foliation sequences are present between ff 5-259 and ff 260-283 respectively. These numbers are also written in pencil, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence, but they are not circled.
563. File 1032/1914 Pt 1-2 'PERSIA:- TRADE WITH PERSIAN GULF PORTS'
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume contains parts 1 and 2 of the subject 'Persia.'The volume concerns the Government of India's trade with ports in the Persian Gulf, and various rations and restrictions introduced during the First World War. Principal correspondents include the British Minister at Tehran, the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, and representatives of the Government of India, the India Office, and the Foreign Office. In addition to correspondence, both parts include copies of a memorandum by Herbert George Chick, Commercial Adviser to the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, entitled 'Memorandum on Russian Commercial Pressure in Central and Northern Persia in Respect to the Tea Trade'.Both parts include a divider that gives the subject and part numbers, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in the part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 257; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
564. File 1283/1913 Pt 3 ‘Persian Gulf: Trade Commercial Mission’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume is concerned with commercial possibilities within Mesopotamia and the Persian Gulf for British trade. Of particular concern for British officials is ensuring that British firms are placed in the best possible position to counter expected competition from Germany and Japan following the cessation of hostilities. Much of the file is taken up with proposals for a Mesopotamian Trade Commission, prompted by a report produced by Captain George Lloyd on the economic situation in the Gulf and Mesopotamian markets in 1916; multiple copies of Lloyd's report can be found between folios 216-285. This includes details behind the selection of the Commissioners (Robert Erskine Holland and John Wilson), the division of expenditure between the British and Indian Governments, and the remuneration for the Commissioners. It also outlines some of the process behind the British Government's decision not to publish the report immediately following its submission in 1917, and subsequent reviews of this decision.The volume does not contain a copy of the report produced by the Holland-Wilson Commission. However, a summary of its recommendations can be found on folios 104-06, and a note on the report prepared by the India Office (dated 6 February 1918) can be found on folios 100-03. Copies of the Commission’s original instructions may be found on folios 180 and 182. Proposals from Sir Percy Cox dated 1 March 1917 on measures to turn the Persian Gulf into a British ‘mare clausum’ [closed sea] can be found on folio 154, along with English and French copies of the ‘Recommendations of the Economic Conference of the Allies’ held at Paris 14-17 June 1916 on folios 155-58.Another matter discussed within is an application from Messrs Lynch and Lord Inchcape [James Lyle Mackay] to establish an office for their joint firm — Mackay, Lynch and Company — at Baghdad, and for permission to implement a pre-war concession from the Ottoman Government to run steamers on the Tigris and Euphrates. This includes the minutes of a meeting of the Middle East Committee of the War Cabinet (see folios 84-5) held on the 18 February 1918 on the undesirability of granting a monopoly on these rivers.Other matters covered by the file include proposals — dated 28 February 1918 — from the Bahrain Political Agent (see folios 53-4) towards the establishment of a strong commercial position for British trade at Bahrain, an agent deputed by Messrs Herbert Whitworth Limited to establish branches at Basra and Baghdad, and the construction of a through railway between Basra and Baghdad.The main correspondents are officials of the Board of Trade (Henry Fountain), the India Office (Arthur Hirtzel and John Evelyn Shuckburgh), the Foreign Office, and the Government of India; with significant input from Sir Percy Cox (serving as Chief Political Officer of the Indian Expeditionary Force), and the Under Secretary of State for India (John Dickson-Poynder).Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 287; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.