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97. 'The British Position in the Persian Gulf'
- Description:
- Abstract: A summary of the British Position in the Persian Gulf detailing the rulership and ownership of the coastal territories and the agreements made between their rulers and Great Britain.The territories and areas described in the summary include:The Trucial Chiefs: Rasel Kheimah [Ras al-Khaimah], Umm al-Kawain [Umm al Qaywayn], Ajman, Shargah [Sharjah], Debai [Dubai], and Abu Dthabi [Abu Dhabi]; includes details of their treaties and agreements with Britain, and the inclusion of El Katr [Qatar] as a Trucial Chief from 1916 onwards.The Persian province of Arabistan, including details of the assurances given to him by both the Persian and British Governments.The Islands of the Gulf, in particular Kishm [Qeshm] and Henjam [Hengām].The coast of Persian Baluchistan, giving details of the overland wires of the Indo-European Telegraph Company that run through the area, and the agreements made for detachments of Indian troops to be stationed at Jask on that coastline.The Arab state of Muscat, detailing the recognition of its independence in 1862 and the British influence over the state.Koweit [Kuwait] including the agreements made with the Shaikh in 1899 and 1907, and the recognition of Kuwait as an independent principality under British protection in November 1914.Bahrein [Bahrain], including the steps taken there to protect British interests.The summary goes on to describe the British position and responsibilities with regards to the waters of the Gulf, including the Indian Marine's commitment against slavery in the nineteenth century; its struggles to prevent Piracy, which led to the establishment of treaty relations with the Arab Chiefs; the surveys of the waters and shorelines undertaken by Naval Officers of the Indian service; the development of British trade and foreign commerce; the protection of pear fisheries; and the maintenance of the submarine cables of the Indo-European Telegraph Company.The summary concludes with a brief description of the strategic importance of the Gulf, particularly in relation to threats to India; the threat to the British position by the Turkish Government in the years leading up to World War One, and the actions taken by the British Government to nullify it; and Great Britain's role as an arbiter and guardian of the Persian Gulf.There are two copies of the summary, the author of which is unknown.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation sequence is circled in pencil, in the top right corner of the recto of both folios.
98. 'Unsettled state of affairs at Muscat and operations against the Joasmee Pirates by the combined forces of the Company and the Muscat Government'
- Description:
- Abstract: The item consists of correspondence regarding the situation in Muscat after the death in 1804 of the Imam Syed Sultan [Sultan bin Ahmad Al Bu Sa’id] and efforts to counter the naval activities of the Joasmee [Al-Qasimi] in the Gulf. The correspondence is particularly concerned with the capture by the Joasmee of two British ships, the Shannonand the Trimmer, and the eventual return of the Trimmeras part of a truce.Other topics covered include:· An attempted coup by Syed Gheiss [Qais bin Ahmad Al Bu Sa’id], the brother of the late Imam· An Omani expedition to recover Gombroon [Bandar Abbas] from Mullah Hussain [Molla Husayn], ruler of Kishem [Qeshm]· The establishment of a permanent Residency at Muscat.The correspondence consists mainly of letters between the Government of Bombay and the Resident at Muscat. The other correspondents are: Mullah Hussain; Syed Gheiss; the Resident at Bussora [Basra]; the Resident at Bushire; Sultan ben Suggur [Sultan bin Saqr Al Qasimi], Emir of Sharjah; and Syed Beder [Badr bin Saif Al Bu Sa’id], Regent of Oman.The bulk of the item dates from the years 1805 and 1806, the earlier date range includes copies of the Anglo-Omani Agreement of 1798 and an amendment to it from 1800 (ff 17-19).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 2, and terminates at f 90, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: the file also contains an original pagination sequence.
99. 'Basiduh and its Approaches'
- Description:
- Abstract: Chart 35.Hydrographic chart covering the port of Basiduh [Basaidu] on Qeshm Island, Persia [Iran]. Also depicts the western part of Clarence [Khuran] Strait, the Persian Gulf and a fifty-mile length of the Persian mainland coast. Portrays hydrology, including depths by soundings and contours, sands, mud, rocks and anchorages, relief by spot heights, hachures and rock drawings, vegetation, cultivation, settlements, public buildings and place names, and includes topographical notes and navigational aids, including beacons and prominent buildings. The sheet also includes an inset of Basiduh Anchorage at scale 1:60,500 and an annotated sketch view, at an unspecified scale, of the approach to Basiduh from the south-east.The margins have been trimmed, with some information lost.Chart surveyed by Commander Charles Golding. Constable, Indian Navy, and assisted by Lieutenant Arthur William Stiffe, Indian Navy, 1858-60. Soundings in 'hair line' from a survey by Commander George Barnes Brucks and Lieutenant Stafford Bettesworth Haines, Indian Navy, 1828. Engraved by Edward Stanford. Published at the Admiralty 1867, with corrections 1868 and 1869.Physical description: Materials: Printed on paperDimensions: 457 x 625mm, on sheet 484 x 643mm
100. ‘Regarding the recently ascertained error in the Geographical position of Bushire’
- Description:
- Abstract: The item consists of copies and extracts of correspondence cited in, or enclosed with, extracts of Marine Letters sent between the Government of Bombay and the East India Company Court of Directors, dated 28 April 1847 and 26 May 1847.The item relates to the discovery of an error in the hydrographic charts of the Persian Gulf with regards to the position of Bushire [Bushehr]. Captain Robert Oliver, Superintendent of the Indian Navy, makes suggestions for rectifying the error. Oliver also suggests contacting Captain Stafford Bettesworth Haines, Political Agent at Aden, who contributed to the original chart.The title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Bombay Marine Department’, ‘P.C. [Previous Communication] 5946, Draft No. 130 of 1848’, ‘Collection N. 8’ and ‘Secretary’s Office, Marine Branch, 1847’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 116, and terminates at f 125, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
101. ‘BAGHDAD AND THE PERSIAN GULF’
- Description:
- Abstract: Newspaper cutting from an unknown paper with date ‘Tues May 17th 1913’ inserted in black ink at top of the page.Distinctive Features:Relief shown by hachures.Map of the Persian Gulf region issued with an article ‘British Interest in the Gulf’ to illustrate the Baghdad Railway with proposed terminus in Basra. Also shows wireless telegraph stations in Mekran and Sharga.Physical description: Dimensions:106 x 135 mm
102. 'Lower Mesopotamia between Baghdad and the Persian Gulf'
- Description:
- Abstract: Created by the War Office. Covers the northernmost seventy miles of the Persian Gulf and its hinterland extending 270 miles to the north and west in present-day Iraq, Iran, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. Portrays freshwater and coastal hydrology (including soundings and submarine contours), relief by spot heights and shading, roads and tracks, railways, telegraphs, pipelines, cultivation, settlements, place names, water sources and international boundaries. Sheet bears the series designation Geographical Section, General Staff, No. 2563.Verso bears the annotation 'Lower Mesopotamia'.Physical description: Materials: Printed in colourDimensions: 558 x 572mm, on sheet 752 x 668mm
103. 'Abu Shahr (Bushire)'
- Description:
- Abstract: Chart 27.Hydrographic chart covering a twelve-mile length of coast around Abu Shahr, Persia [Bandar-e Bushehr, Iran] on the Persian Gulf. Portrays hydrology, including depths by soundings and contours, sands, mud and rocks, relief by spot heights and rock drawings, vegetation, cultivation, settlements, public buildings, forts and place names, and includes topographical notes and navigational aids, including beacons and prominent buildings.The sheet also portrays, at an unspecified scale, an annotated sketch view (40 x 590mm) of Abu Shahr and adjacent coastline from the west.Chart surveyed by lieutenants Thomas Henry Herbert Hand, Charles Steward Hickman, Edward James Headlam, Alexander Gordon Bingham and William Kirkwood Thyne, Royal Indian Marine under the direction of Captain Thomas Henry Heming, Royal Navy, Marine Survey of India, 1904. Inner anchorage re-sounded by Lieutenant A D D Smyth, Royal Navy, 1911. Engraved by Davies & Company. Published at the Admiralty, 1906, new edition 1912 with small corrections.The number '184.12' is stamped in the top right margin.Physical description: Materials: Printed on paperDimensions: 973 x 637mm, on sheet 664 x 1009mm
104. ‘Bombay. Persian Consul. Levy by the Persian Consul at Bombay, of fees on Buglas trading to the Persian Gulf, and on goods shipped in such Buglas.~’
- Description:
- Abstract: The item consists of copies and extracts of correspondence and resolutions cited in, or enclosed with, a Political Letter from the Government of Bombay to the East India Company Court of Directors, 29 August 1854.The item relates to complaints made to the Government of Bombay against Mirza Houssin Khan [Mīrzā Muḥammad Ḥusayn Khān, also rendered in text as Mirza Hossain Khan], Persian Consul at Bombay, for charging fees to vessels trading in the Persian Gulf and at Bombay. The item contains:Letters of complaint by Henry Young, Commissioner of Customs, Bombay, and Aga Ihan [Ḥasan ‘Alī Shāh, Āqā Khān I?], Persian [Iranian] resident at Bombay [Mumbai], which provide details of the feesMirza Houssin Khan's response to the complaintsLegal opinion of Augustus Smith Le Messurier, Advocate General, Bombay, as to the validity of these charges.The Government of Bombay refer the issue to the Government of India, who respond with requests for more information.Young is also referred to as the Collector of Customs.The title page of the item contains the following references: 'Bombay Political Department', Draft Number '1094 [18]54', 'Collection No. 5 of No. 60 of 1854', and 'Examiner's Office'.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 534, and terminates at f 552, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
105. 'Arms traffic in the Persian Gulf, 1908-1928'
- Description:
- Abstract: Memorandum outlining developments in the suppression of the trade in arms in the Persian Gulf from 1908-28.Covering:introduction to arms traffic in Muscat, and the reduction in arms traffic in the Gulf as a whole;treaty engagements, etc., of states bordering on the Persian Gulf – including Persia, Bahrein [Bahrain], Koweit [Kuwait], the Trucial Coast, Turkey, and Muscat;the Arms Traffic Convention of 1919 and 1925 – the effect of the First World War, and objections of Persia to being classified as a prohibited area for the purpose of arms traffic;arms traffic in the Gulf, 1908-1919 – the suppression of arms traffic from Muscat in 1912, and agreements with Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd];arms traffic in the Gulf, 1919-1928 – conference held at Karachi in August 1921 concerning the danger of revival in the arms trade, and recommendations to combat this;summary.Written by John Gilbert Laithwaite of the India Office.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 71, and terminates at f 72, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
106. 'The Trade in Arms with the Persian Gulf'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file consists of a memorandum written by William Lee-Warner, Secretary to the Political and Secret Department of the India Office, it concerns the arms trade in the Persian Gulf from 1881-98.The following topics are covered:Persian prohibition of the trade in arms and ammunition with Persian ports;the enforcement of the law;the seizure of arms;British interests in coming to agreement with the Persian Government and assisting in enforcing Persian regulations;methods of trade – secrecy;policy for the future.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 54, and terminates at f 55, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
107. ‘Sind Slave Trade Relative to the traffic in the- between India and the Persian Gulf.’
- Description:
- Abstract: The item consists of copies and extracts of correspondence and resolutions cited in, or enclosed with, extracts of two Political Letters from the Government of Bombay to the East India Company Court of Directors, dated 16 April 1855 and 28 August 1855. The enclosures are dated 4 March 1854-3 March 1855.The item relates to actions taken by the Government of Bombay and Major Atkins Hamerton, HM Consul and Company Agent in the dominions of His Highness the Imaum [Imām] of Muscat, in light of reports by Henry Bartle Edward Frere, Commissioner in Sind [Sindh], of enslaved Indian people being exported to ports in the Persian Gulf. The item includes Hamerton's report on his conversation on the subject with the Imaum of Muscat, following Frere's discovery of enslaved Indian children in the port of Guader [Gwadar].The correspondents are Hamerton, the Government of Bombay, and the Court of Directors.The title page of the item contains the following references: 'Bombay Political Department', Draft Number '1199 [18]55', 'Collection No.3 in 2 Volumes', 'Vol: 1', and 'Examiner's Office'. Originally, the Collection number was given as '8 of No. 30 of 1855.' but this has been crossed out.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 542, and terminates at f 549, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
108. 'Slave Trade'
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, minutes, resolutions, and consultations, cited in, or enclosed with, political letters from the Government of Bombay. These political letters appear in IOR/F/4/2235/112011. It is the fifth in a series of five items on the Persian Gulf.The correspondents are: the Government of Bombay; the Government of India; Major Samuel Hennell, Resident in the Persian Gulf; Captain William Lowe, Senior Naval Officer in the Persian Gulf; and Commodore Sir Robert Oliver, Superintendent of the Indian Navy.The item concerns the efforts to carry out the agreements made with the Imam of Muscat and the rulers of the Arabian coast of the Gulf for the suppression of the ‘slave trade’ [trade in enslaved people] in the Gulf. It includes:Discussions regarding the size of the naval force required in the Gulf to enforce these agreements, and the locations where it would be most effective for this force to operateReports, including from Hajee Yacoob [Ḥājjī Ya‘qūb], Government Pilot, of vessels carrying enslaved people embarking from MuscatThe problems caused by the exemption of Persian [Iranian] vessels and ports from the agreementsThe agreement made with the Ottoman Empire with regard to the ‘slave trade’ in the Gulf, and the unclear position of Koweit [Kuwait] in relation to this.The item also contains correspondence relating to items sent to the Resident in the Persian Gulf as presents for local rulers.The item contains a table of contents (f 318), and the title page (f 317) contains the following references: ‘Bombay Political Department’, ‘Draft N. 294/48’, ‘Collection Vol: 5’, and ‘Examiner’s Office’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 317 and terminates at f 355, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.