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1. 'Reports on (1) the Conservancy of the Shatt-el-Arab river from the Port of Basra to the Persian Gulf and on (2) the Development of the Port of Basra. By Sir George Buchanan Kt., C.I.E'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains two printed reports written by Sir George Buchanan, Director of Port Administration and Conservancy, Indian Expeditionary Force "D".The details of the reports are as follows:1) 'Report on the Conservancy of the Shatt-El-Arab River from the Port of Basra to the Persian Gulf'(folios 1-7);This report is separated into the following sub-headings:(a) General Description of the River.(b) Physical Characteristics.(c) Obstructions to Navigation.(d) Removal of the Outer Bar.(e) Lighting and Buoying.(f) Pilotage.(g) Financial.(h) Conclusion.A number of charts and plans referred to in the report are contained in a seperate pocket at the rear of the folder (folios 21-29).2) 'Report on the Development of the Port of Basra'(folios 8-18)This report is separated into the following sub-headings:1) Suitability of Basra as the Principal Port of Mesopotamia and the Persian Gulf.2) Trade Prospects.3) Administration.4) Works and Equipment.5) Import Trade.6) Export Trade.7) Inland Vessels' Trade.8) Trade with Southern Persia.9) Miscellaneous private trades and industries.10) Finance.11) Charges on Vessels.12) Dues on Goods.13) Inland Vessels' Trade.14) Land Rents.15) Conclusion.This report includes an appendix entitled 'A brief note on the future development of the Port of Basra and its communications by land and water, by Sir George Buchanan, Kt., C.I.E., Director of Port Administration and Conservancy, Indian Expeditionary Force, "D" (folios 16-18).Physical description: A bound volume with a pocket attached to its inside rear cover containing nine fold-out maps.There is a foliation sequence, which is circled in pencil, in the top right corner of the recto of each folio. It begins on the first folio with text, on number 1, and ends on the last of the various maps that are inserted at the back of the volume, on number 29.
2. 'Report (with Maps) on the country adjacent to the Khor Abdullah, and places suitable as Termini of proposed Bagdad Railway, by Captain E W S Mahon, RE July 1905'
- Description:
- Abstract: The report, printed for the use of the Foreign Office, was compiled by Captain Edward Willoughby Sandys Mahon, Royal Engineer on 24 July 1905 to identify places suitable as termini of the Baghdad Railway. He advises Bussorah [Basra] as the best place, for strategic and commercial reasons.The report contains two maps:'Sketch Map of the Mouth of the Shatt-El-Arab' (f 15);'Koweit Harbour' (f 16).Physical description: Foliation: The foliation for this description commences at f 13, and terminates at f 17, since it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in the bottom right-hand corner of the recto of each folio. These numbers are written in pencil, but are not circled. Pagination: This section of the volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
3. ‘Sketch Map of the Mouth of the Shatt-El-Arab’
- Description:
- Abstract: The map depicts the mouth of the Shatt El Arab waterway with soundings in feet. It includes a diagram of the settlement of Fao, the location of the 'Turkish Fort', and the telegraph station.The scale is stated as 1/97,280 or 1.535 statute miles to the inch. An arrow indicates magnetic north.The map was prepared by the Topographical Section, General Staff of the War Office in 1905.Physical description: Materials: Printed on paperDimensions: 340 x 450mm
4. 'The Shatt-el-Arab at Basra'. Photographer: Wilfrid Malleson
- Description:
- Abstract: Genre/Subject Matter:View of the Shatt-el-Arab at Basra. In the foreground and middle-ground at let two canoe-like boats hold two men each. In the background the arsenal, the entrance to Ashar Creek and the customs house are marked in ink on the photograph.Inscriptions:Ink, below image: 'The Shatt-el-Arab at Basra'Pencil, above image to the right: ‘26’Ink, inscribed on image: ‘Arsenal’; ‘entrance to Ashar Creek’; ‘Customs House’Physical description: Dimensions:150 x 193 mmCondition:The print is in good condition throughout.Foliation:‘26’
5. 'The Shatt-el-Arab at Basra. Another view.' by Wilfrid Malleson
- Description:
- Abstract: Genre/Subject Matter:View of the Shatt-el-Arab at Basra. At least one large steamship is visible at centre in the background while other large sailing ships are moored at right and smaller craft alongside the steamer. This view is a closer view of the same scene in IOR/L/PS/20/C260, f 24 1.Inscriptions:Ink, below image: ‘The Shatt-el-Arab at Basra. Another view’Physical description: Dimensions:146 x 190 mmCondition:The print is in good condition throughout.Foliation:‘24’
6. 'The Shatt-el-Arab at Basra, from the Quarantine station' by Wilfrid Malleson
- Description:
- Abstract: Genre/Subject Matter:View of the Shatt-el-Arab at Basra. At least one large steamship is visible at centre in the background while other sailing ships and one mehaleh is visible.Inscriptions:Ink, below image: ‘The Shatt-el-Arab at Basra, from the Quarantine station’Physical description: Dimensions:143 x 191 mmCondition:The print is in good condition throughout.Foliation:‘24’
7. ‘WAR DIARY. ARMY HEADQUARTERS, INDIA. […] I.E.F. “D”. Volume 37. PART II. (From 16th to 31st August 1917).’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains a chronological list of brief summaries of papers relating to the activities of the Indian Expeditionary Force D (also known as the Mesopotamia Expeditionary Force) between 16 and 31 August 1917. This is accompanied by appendices containing copies and extracts of these papers, which include: letters, telegrams, notes, reports, tables, and memoranda.An index to the contents of this volume and a summary of the contents can be found at IOR/L/MIL/17/5/3282. The volume concerns:Appreciations [reports] and intelligence summaries from the Directorate of Military Operations dated 19 August 1917 (ff 53-55), 26 August 1917 (ff 162-164)One diary of information dated 28 July 1917 (ff 84-86) covering climate, floods, and the Christians of MesopotamiaReinforcements for Force DMovements of Turkish [Ottoman], Russian, and German troops and German officials, including General Erich von FalkenhaynReports from the Royal Flying Corps of machines in service and pilots availableProvision and movements of river craftProgress of railway constructions and future railway policy, including Turkish [Ottoman] railway constructionThe composition of the committee of enquiry into port congestion at Basrah [Basra]A scheme to stimulate cultivation by clearing the canals of the Euphrates area and providing advances of seed and cashInvestigation of postal arrangementsA fodder production scheme using local labourersA discussion of whether the French Consul at Basrah, Monsieur Roux, should be permitted to use a cipher and locked bag, and proceed beyond BasrahTrade between Basrah and BaghdadThe appointment of Sir Percy Cox as Civil Commissioner, MesopotamiaA proposal to terminate the agreement between HM Government and the Newspapers Proprietors’ Association employing Edmund Candler as Official EyewitnessA new Indian General HospitalThe appointment of R G Garrow as recognised irrigation expert for Mesopotamia.Proposed co-operation with the Russians.The following tables appear:Distribution of troops 29 July 1917 Mesopotamia Expeditionary Force (ff 8-12)Weekly return sick and wounded w/e 28 July 1917 (ff 23-24), 4 August 1917 (f 72)Ration strength of MEF 14 July 1917 (ff 26-29), 21 July 1917 (ff 102-105), 4 August (ff 136-138), 28 July 1917 (ff 181-184), 11 August (ff 199-201)State of supplies 18 August 1917 (ff 69-71 and 88-89), 25 August (ff 188-190 and 210-211)Distribution of the Turkish Army 21 August 1917 (ff 75-77), 28 August 1917 (ff 194-195)Strength return for IEF D 30 June 1917 (ff 118-135)Monthly distribution report of motor vehicles 1 July 1917 (ff 202-207).The file also contains a ‘Report on the conservancy of the Shatt-el-Arab [Shatt al-Arab] River from the Port of Basra to the Persian Gulf’ by Brigadier-General George Buchanan, Director of Port Administration and Conservancy, dated 22 March 1917, including nine maps of the Shatt-el-Arab River, the port of Basra, Mohammerah [Khorramshahr] bar, and the channel from Fao [Al-Faw] down the river.Physical description: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 262; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Multiple additional mixed foliation/pagination sequences are also present in parallel; these numbers are printed.Dimensions: 21 x 33cm
8. Coll 30/86(1) 'PERSIA. RELATIONS WITH IRAQ. SHATT-EL-ARAB: INTERNATIONALISATION OF, AND ESTABLISHMENT OF A CONSERVANCY BOARD.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file concerns the drafting of a convention to establish a Conservancy Board for the Shatt-el-Arab (also referred to as the Shatt-al-Arab).The papers include: negotiations with the governments of Iraq and Persia [Iran]; the involvement of British shipowners in discussions; numerous drafts of the convention; the selection of Colonel John Ward, Port Director of the Port of Basrah [Basra], as British appointee to the Board (folio 450); the question of dues on shipping; comments by the Admiralty; involvement of the Anglo-Persian Oil Company (APOC); budget estimates for the Port of Basra; printed Port of Basra 'Schedule of Dues and Charges', 1935 (folios 244-272); papers on customs, quarantine, and police arrangements for the Shatt-al-Arab; Perso-Iraqi frontier negotiations; memorandum of instructions for the guidance of the British representatives in the negotiations for the conclusion of the convention, 1935 (folios 66-78); the proposed convention (folios 51-60); Ministry of Health paper on the transfer of quarantine arrangements in the Shatt-al-Arab to the Conservancy Board; and the agreement of the Iraqi Government to British participation in the convention (folios 6-9).The principal correspondents are the Foreign Office, HM Ambassador at Bagdad, HM Minister at Tehran, and the Mercantile Marine Department, Board of Trade.The French language content of the file consists of a single item of correspondence (folio 132).The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 594; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
9. Coll 30/86(2) 'Persia. Relations with Iraq. Shatt-el-Arab: Internationalisation of, and establishment of a Conservancy Board.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file concerns negotiations over a convention to establish a Conservancy Board for the Shatt-el-Arab (also referred to as the Shatt-al-Arab) between the governments of Iraq, Iran (also referred to as Persia), and the United Kingdom.The convention had two main objects: (1) to provide for the conservancy of the Shatt-al-Arab (i.e. its maintenance as a navigable waterway adequate to the needs of international shipping); (2) to control the navigation of the Shatt-al-Arab (i.e. to provide all shipping using the waterway with a uniform system of control, administration, and discipline in all matters necessary for safe and efficient shipping). The board was to consist of Iraq and Iran as the two riparian countries concerned, and the United Kingdom as the state owning over 90 per cent of the shipping using the river.The papers cover: Perso-Iraqi negotiations; the question of British participation in the convention; the views of the Shah of Iran; negotiations over the frontier between Iraq and Iran; dredging dues; the navigation of the river; Persian violations of Iraqi territory; the anchorage at Abadan; draft agreements on the frontier between Iraq and Iran; the Persian refusal to allow Iraq any say over the waters (the Karun) that flowed into the Shatt-al-Arab (e.g. folios 262-264); the interests of the Government of Turkey in the issue; the view of the Foreign Office that a single authority was required in order to achieve unified control over the whole waterway system (folios 245-246); quarantine and police posts; and the Port of Basra (budget estimates, and dues and charges).The main correspondents are the Foreign Office, the British Ambassador to Iraq, and HM Minister, Tehran.The French language content of the file consists of approximately ten folios of diplomatic correspondence and treaty drafts.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the first folio with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 464; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The front and back covers, along with the two leading and two ending flyleaves have not been foliated. A previous foliation sequence, which is present between ff 291-464 and is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
10. Coll 30/86(3) 'PERSIA. Relations with Iraq: Shatt-el-Arab. Establishment of an International Conservancy Board.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file concerns the possibility of establishing an international Conservancy Board for the Shatt-el-Arab (also referred to as the Shatt-al-Arab) between the governments of Iraq, Iran (also referred to as Persia), and the United Kingdom.The board was intended to ensure the efficient maintenance and navigation of the Shatt-al-Arab waterway. The United Kingdom was involved because of the close interests of British shipping in the conservancy of the Shatt-al-Arab.The papers cover: Perso-Iraqi frontier negotiations; drafts, signing (July 1937), and ratification (June 1938) of the Perso-Iraqi Frontier Treaty; Turkish approval of the frontier negotiations; the signing of the four power non-aggression pact between Iraq, Iran, Turkey, and Afghanistan (the Saad-Abad [Saadabad] Pact), 1937; Abadan anchorage; Foreign Office memoranda and minutes of meetings concerning a convention for the conservancy of the Shatt-al-Arab; the question of British participation in the convention; lighting and buoying; the involvement of Sir John Ward [serving with the Iraqi Government] in the discussions; the opposition of the Iranian Government to British involvement; the involvement of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (AIOC); the Port of Basra (including Foreign Office memorandum, folios 77-83); the Rooka Channel; and renewed discussion of the issue in 1945, including the importance of the Shatt-al-Arab for tanker traffic to supply Britain's war needs in the Far East.The main correspondents are the Foreign Office, the British Ambassador to Iraq, and HM Minister, Tehran.The French language content of the file consists of approximately twenty folios of diplomatic correspondence and treaties.There are no papers in the file dated 1941-44.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: this file consists of two physical parts. The foliation sequence commences at the first folio of part one (ff 1-169) and terminates at the last folio of part two (ff 170-329); these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel; these numbers are printed, but are not circled. A previous foliation sequence, which is circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out. The front and back conservation covers (parts one and two), have not been foliated.
11. Coll 17/15(1) 'Perso-Iraq Relations: Persia-Iraq frontier; Persia's claim in the Shatt-el-Arab'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains papers regarding relations between Persia [Iran] and Iraq. It primarily concerns the frontier delineated by the 1913-1914 Boundary Commission, in particular Persian claims over areas of the Shatt el-Arab, and rights to oilfields in the Naft Khana [Naft Khāna] or Khaniqin [Khāniqīn]area. The papers document renewed negotiations over the border, and include discussion of the following topics: Iraqi concerns over Persian military activities conducted in Iraq; Persia's refusal to recognise the validity of the 1914 Frontier Delimitation Protocol; attempts to redraw the frontier at the Shatt el-Arab along the thalweg[valley way], as opposed to the medium filum aquae; proposals to revive the Shatt el-Arab Conservancy Board Scheme; and proposals for an agreement to regulate the exploitation of the oilfields in the transferred territories on the frontier near Khanqin, including the proposed creation of a special zone. These papers primarily consist of correspondence between the following: HM Ambassadors at Baghdad, Teheran and Italy; the India Office Political Department; the Foreign Office (principally Sir John Simon, and J C Sterndale-Bennet); the Iraqi Minister for Foreign Affairs; and the Persian Minister for Foreign Affairs.In 1935 the Iraqi Government formally raised the question of the frontier with the Council of the League of Nations, and sought a Court ruling as to the validity of the 1914 Boundary Protocol. The Italian delegate to the League (Baron Pompeo Aloisi) was designated Rapporteur to the negotiations, and the volume contains correspondence between the Foreign Office and HM Ambassador in Rome, regarding a proposed Italo-Iraqi Treaty of Friendship, proposals regarding the frontier made by Aloisi, and general Italian influence over Iran and Iraq. The volume also includes copies of memoranda and minutes circulated by the League, in addition to correspondence regarding the negotiations in Geneva and Italy, and documents from the Committee of Imperial Defence Standing Official Sub-Committee for Questions Concerning the Middle East.The volume includes a divider giving a list of correspondence references found in the volume by year. This is placed at the end of the correspondence (folio 1).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the first folio with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 472; these numbers are written in pencil and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The front and back covers, along with the two leading and two ending flyleaves, have not been foliated.
12. Coll 17/15(2) 'Relations with Persia: Persia-Iraq frontier; Persia's claim in the Shatt-el-Arab'
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume is a continuation of Collection 17/5, and contains papers regarding negotiations between Persia [Iran] and Iraq at the League of Nations in 1935, mediated by Italian delegate Baron Pompeo Aloisi. The papers primarily consist of communications regarding the negotiations submitted to the Foreign Office by HM Ambassadors at Rome, Teheran and Baghdad, as well as comments by the India Office Political Department, the Admiralty, and representatives of the Governments of Persia, Iraq, and Italy.The negotiations concerned the frontier line along the Shatt el-Arab, the possibility of granting a Persian anchorage at Abadan [Ābādān], the rights of Persian and British warships to traverse and refuel on the river, and the proposed establishment of a Conservancy Board. Following negotiations in Geneva, Rome and Tehran, the Persian and Iraqi Governments had practically agreed on three instruments: a pact of non-aggression, to be signed by Iraq, Persia and Turkey; a treaty for the peaceful settlement of international disputes between Persia and Iraq; and a treaty of friendship, which would settle the frontier question and establish the Conservancy Board.In addition to the correspondence, the volume contains: documents circulated by the Council of the League of Nations; Reports on the Sessions of the Council submitted to the Foreign Office by C J Edmonds, Second Adviser to the Iraqi Ministry of Foreign Affairs; multiple drafts of the treaty of friendship and non-aggression treaties; and copies of notes exchanged by the Iraqi and Persian Ministers at the League of Nations. A number of these documents are written in French.The volume includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the volume by year. This is placed at the end of the correspondence (folio 1).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 498; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 1-498; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
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