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1. ‘Persian Gulf. Energetic measures adopted by the Governor of Muskat to quell the refractory spirit exhibited by the inhabitants of Soor – Vol: 26’
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, minutes, and consultations cited in, or enclosed with, political letters from the Government of Bombay. These political letters appear in IOR/F/4/2302/118727. The correspondents are: the Government of Bombay; Major Samuel Hennell, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; and Khojah Hiskael [Khawājah Ḥizqīl bin Yūsuf], British Agent at Muscat. It is the twenty-sixth in a series of fifty-one items on the Persian Gulf.This item concerns the visit of Syed Soweynee [Sayyid Thuwaynī bin Sa‘īd Āl Bū Sa‘īd], Governor of Muscat, to Soor [Sur] and his bombardment of a town until the inhabitants promised to pay him tribute and demolish two forts. He also imprisoned two sheiks [shaikhs] of the Huwajeer tribe [al-Hawājir].The item contains a contents page and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Collection No 5 of No 169’, ‘Coll[ection]: 17’ and ‘Draft no 465 of 49’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 537, and terminates at f 541, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
2. ‘Reports of Journeys made into the S.E. Coast of Arabia by some officers of the Surveying Brig “Palinurus”’
- Description:
- Abstract: The item consists of copies of correspondence enclosed with an extract Marine Letter from the Government of Bombay to the East India Company Court of Directors, dated 30 September 1847.The item contains a letter from the Superintendent of the Indian Navy to the Governor of Bombay, dated 7 August 1847, enclosing reports of two journeys made into the interior of the South Coast of Arabia by members of the Company’s Surveying Brig, Palinurus. The reports are:‘An account of an overland journey from Lesk Kaira [Al Ashkharah] to Muskat [Muscat] and the Green Mountains of Oman by Mr Cole of the EICs S[urveying] B[rig] “Palinurus”’, ff 108-195‘Account of a journey from Soor [Sur] to Jahlan [Jalan Bani Bu Hassan and Jalan Bani Bu Ali] and thence to Ras Roues [Ra’s ar Ruways] by Messrs Ward, Sylvester and James of the HCS Brig Palinurus’, ff 195-201Both reports contain details on the: routes taken; conditions of travel; governance of each region; landscapes and towns; and the people encountered.The item contains multiple spellings for multiple place names.The title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Bombay Marine Department’, ‘P.C. [Previous Communication] 5953, Draft No. 131 of 1848’, ‘Collection No. 21’ and ‘Secretary’s Office, Marine Branch, 1847’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 178, and terminates at f 201, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
3. ‘Rough Sketch of Soor’
- Description:
- Abstract: Distinctive Features:Tracing of a rough sketch map attached to letter no. 132 dated 11th April 1903 from Major Percy Zachariah Cox (folios 22-32) showing the position of Shaikh Abdulla bin Salim camp in the Eight Quarter of town.Physical description: Materials:Pen and ink with crayon on tracing clothDimensions:337 x 220 mm
4. ‘Affairs of the Persian Gulf. Vol: 1’
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of copies of political letters from the Governments of Bombay to the Court of Directors of the East India Company. The enclosures to these letters are contained in the subsequent items. It is the first in a series of fifty-one items on the Persian Gulf.The item concerns:News of cruises made by British ships in the GulfReports of interviews between Captain Samuel Hennell, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, and the shaikhs of the GulfIntelligence from the British Agent at MuscatAn unsuccessful attempt by the Governor of Shargah [Sharjah] to capture Ejman [Ajman]Papers carried by British vessels and those departing from ports belonging to the Imam of MuscatThe projected arrival of a French consul at ZanzibarMercantile affairsDefeat of bin Mootluk [Sa‘d bin Muṭlaq] against Sohar [Suhar]‘Piratical’ proceedings off Bahrein [Bahrain]Capture of Brymee [Al Buraymi] by the Chiefs of Sohar and Aboothabee [Abu Dhabi], and the subsequent intention to regain Brymee by a confederation of Omani tribes and the Chief of Rasul Khyma [Ra’s al-Khaymah]Agreements between Gulf states and Ameer Fysul [Amīr Fayṣal bin Turkī bin ‘Abdullāh Āl Sa‘ūd]Relations between the new and old chiefs of BahreinDiscontent with Muscat at Soor [Sur]Cholera at Lingah [Bandar-e Lengeh]Death of Shaik Abdool Azeez bin Rashid [Shaikh ‘Abd al-‘Aziz bin Rāshid al-Na‘īmī, Shaikh of Ajman].The item contains a contents page and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Collection No 17’ and ‘Draft no 465 of 49’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 312, and terminates at f 324, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
5. ‘Muscat – Claims of Saed Abu Buker on account of the plunder of his Bugla by the Arabs of Sohar.’
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, minutes, and consultations, cited in, or enclosed with, political letters from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai]. The correspondents are: the Government of Bombay; the Court of Directors; Captain Atkins Hamerton, British Agent at Muscat; and Captain Samuel Hennell, Resident in the Persian Gulf.The item concerns a claim for indemnification by Saied Abu Bakur [Sayyid Abu Bakr] for an incident of alleged piracy by the Jenaba [Jeneba] tribe on his bugla [baghla] at Soor [Sur, also called Sohar in the item]. There is a discussion of vessels using both Turkish and English colours for different purposes.The item includes a contents page and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Collection No.2 of No. 57, Draft 32, P.C. [Previous Communication] 3301, [Season] 1842’ and ‘Examiner’s Office’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 592 and terminates at f 607, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
6. ‘Muscat. Proceedings connected with the recovery of the Cargo of the Ship “Centaur” of Calcutta, lost near-’
- Description:
- Abstract: The item consists of copies and extracts of correspondence and minutes cited in, or enclosed with, a Political Letter from the Government of Bombay to the East India Company Court of Directors, 2 October 1852, and found at IOR/F/4/2504/142185. It is the third in a series of sixteen items about the Persian Gulf.The item relates to investigations into the plunder of the Centaur, a merchant vessel under British protection, at Al Khabba [Ra’s al Khabbah, also rendered in text as Alkhabba]. As the vessel was carrying the entire season's worth of indigo, particular attention is given to the location and retrieval of this stolen material. The Government of Bombay receives reports:From Captain Arnold Burrowes Kemball, Resident in the Persian Gulf, regarding ports where indigo has been imported and the actions he has taken to retrieve the cargoFrom Captain Atkins Hamerton, HM Consul and Company Agent in the dominions of the Imaum of Maskat [Imām of Muscat], regarding the actions taken by himself and the Imaum, Saeid Saeid [Sayyid Sa‘īd bin Sulṭān Āl Bū Sa‘īd], amid reports that the principal perpetrators were people of the Beni boo Ali [Banī Bū ‘Alī] of JalanFrom Kojah Heskial bin Eusoph [Khawājah Ḥizqīl bin Yūsuf], Native Agent at Muscat, regarding the results of his enquiries at Soor [Sur] where he was assisted by the Imaum's nephew, Saied Hamed bin Salem bin Sultan [Sayyid Ḥamad bin Sālim Āl Bū Sa‘īd].All reports contain details of the numerous rumoured perpetrators. Hamerton's report also contains details of political sensitivities surrounding the investigations, including an agreement drawn up between himself and the Imaum (folios 1122-1123).Additionally, the item includes correspondence from parties invested in the retrieval of the cargo: W[illiam?] F[rederick?] Fergusson, Secretary, Insurance General Committee of Calcutta; and Hajee Mahomed Hashim Namajee [Ḥājjī Muḥammad Hāshim Namājī] and Hajee Mahomed Kurrim Namajee [Ḥājjī Muḥammad Karīm Namājī], Persian [Iranian] merchants based in Bombay [Mumbai].The title page of the item contains the following references: 'Bombay Political Department', 'Draft No. 350 of 1853', 'Collection No. 1 of No. 92', 'Vol: 3', and 'Examiner's Office'.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 1103, and terminates at f 1130, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
7. ‘Muscat. Intelligence communicated by the Native Agent at – Vol: 20’
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, minutes, and consultations cited in, or enclosed with, political letters from the Government of Bombay. These political letters appear in IOR/F/4/2302/118727. The correspondents are the Government of Bombay and Heskiel bin Yusoof [Khawājah Ḥizqīl bin Yūsuf], British Agent at Muscat. It is the twentieth in a series of fifty-one items on the Persian Gulf.This item concerns intelligence communicated by Heskiel bin Yusoof about the movements and actions of Syud Thooenee [Sayyid Thuwaynī bin Sa‘īd Āl Bū Sa‘īd], Governor of Muscat. Syud Thooenee has visited Soor [Sur] and fired on the houses of the Jinaba [al-Janbah] tribe until they promised to pay him tribute and demolish two forts. He also dealt with incidents of theft.The item contains a contents page and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Collection No 3 of No 144’, ‘Coll[ection]: 17’ and ‘Draft no 465 of 49’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 494, and terminates at f 497, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
8. Measures Adopted for Suppressing the 'Slave Trade'
- Description:
- Abstract: This part of the volume consists of copies of enclosures to a despatch from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai] Secret Department to the Secret Committee, Number 107 of 1847, dated 31 December 1847. The enclosures relate to British attempts to suppress the 'slave trade' [trade in enslaved people]. They are numbered 3-91 and are dated 11 September to 30 December 1847.The enclosures consist of correspondence, and minutes, resolutions and memoranda of the Government of Bombay. The enclosures also include: an enclosed copy of the treaty between the Queen of the United Kingdom, Queen Victoria, and the Sultan of Maskat [Muscat], Saud Saud bin Sultan [Sayyid Sa‘īd bin Sulṭān Āl Bū Sa‘īd, also written as Syud Sueed in this item], for the termination of the export of enslaved persons from the African dominions of the Sultan of Muscat, dated 2 October 1845 (in enclosure No. 3); and enclosed depositions of ‘liberated’ enslaved African people (in enclosure No. 37).The enclosures concern matters including:The Resident in the Persian Gulf, Major Samuel Hennell, reporting the arrival at Bushire [Bushehr] Harbour of a bugla [baghlah] belonging to a subject of the Imaum [Imam, or Sultan] of Muscat, with ‘some 30 or 40 Negro and Abyssinian slaves’ [Black African and Ethiopian enslaved persons] on board for saleThe recommendation of the Superintendent of the Indian Navy, Commodore Sir Robert Oliver, that the ‘Arabs’ on board buglas detained in Bombay Harbour, which had been captured in the Persian Gulf and found to be carrying enslaved persons, should be allowed a supply of tobacco and coffeeThe Government of Bombay authorising the Superintendent of the Indian Navy to release the buggalows [baghlahs] seized with enslaved persons on board, currently detained in Bombay Harbour, but directing him to warn the nackodas [nakhudas, also spelled naquodahs and in various other ways in this item] that any subsequent infractions of the treaty with the Sultan of Muscat would not be met with leniencyThe Senior Magistrate of Police, Bombay, Gregor Grant, reporting that what appears to be smallpox has broken out amongst some of the formerly enslaved persons currently on board the police hulk ZenobiaThe opinion of the Advocate General, Bombay, A S Le Messurier, on the inability of Government to enforce the treaty concluded with the Sultan of MuscatInstructions issued by the Government of Bombay to the Political Agent at Aden, Captain Stafford Bettesworth Haines, and the Superintendent of the Indian Navy, as to the course they should pursue in regard to vessels seized with enslaved persons on boardThe preparation of a letter from the Governor of Bombay to the Imaum of Muscat, congratulating him on the seizure by British officers of enslaved persons on board vessels belonging to his subjects, who were acting in contravention of his orders and the treaty concluded between the two governmentsThe Senior Magistrate of Police, Bombay, forwarding the depositions of forty-seven girls and women and twelve boys. Grant writes that these fifty nine individuals are: the ‘slaves recently liberated’; two women whom he is satisfied are the wives of two of the naquodahs, to whom they have been returned; and two boys who state that they were not enslaved and are anxious to return to the vessel from which they were taken. Most of these girls, women and boys, Grant states (with the exception of three or four individuals, who appear to be natives of Zanzibar), appear to be ‘Gallas’ [Oromo people] or ‘Abyssinians’The question of how the formerly enslaved persons should be ‘disposed of’, with the Government of Bombay instructing the Senior Magistrate of Police that as many boys as the Superintendent of the Indian Navy wishes to take should be made over to him for care and naval education, and that if he does not take all of them, then the remainder may go to the polytechnic institution on similar terms, and that the best mode of providing for the girls and women will be for the Senior Magistrate of Police to invite applications from ‘respectable persons’ to ‘entertain’ them as servants, with preference being given to Christian familiesA letter from the Governor of Muscat, Syud Thoenee bin Sueed bin Sultan [Sayyid Thuwaynī bin Sa‘īd Āl Bū Sa‘īd], to the Governor of Bombay, requesting the release of the buggalows seized for having enslaved persons on boardThe Superintendent of the Indian Navy requesting the sanction of the Government of Bombay for the bugalows detained in Bombay Harbour being allowed to depart without paying harbour duesA letter from the President of the Diocesan Committee of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel and the Corresponding Committee of the Church Missionary Society, the Bishop of Bombay, Thomas Carr, to the Governor of Bombay, submitting an offer from the Committee to take the formerly enslaved persons and have them educated as Christians and provide for ‘their disposal in life’A letter from Mahomed bin Alli [Muḥammad bin ‘Alī, also spelled Mahomed bin Ally in this item], an ‘Arab inhabitant of Bombay’, to the Governor of Bombay, requesting that the formerly enslaved persons be made over to himself, for him to ‘entertain’ them at his own expense for charity, for as long they like, and for him to undertake to marry the grown up young women with whoever they may like, and to allow the rest to go where they may pleaseThe Senior Magistrate of Police reporting that: all the formerly enslaved boys have been made over to the Superintendent of the Indian Navy; the Senior Magistrate invited applications from ‘respectable families’ to house the girls as servants; there were a great many applicants, mostly ‘Mahomedans’ [Muslims], ‘with a few respectable Portuguese Gentlemen’; but only one of the women was persuaded to take service with one of the Portuguese men, whilst the rest refused to be taken in by Christian families; and he ultimately persuaded ‘the greater number of the girls’ to accompany ‘some respectable Mahomedan Gentlemen’ to their housesThe Senior Naval Officer in the Persian Gulf, Captain William Lowe, pointing out the inadequacy of the force in that station for the complete suppression of the ‘slave trade’, and the Superintendent of the Indian Navy reporting that he is unable to increase the naval force on the Persian Gulf station, due to the limited number of vessels of war at his disposalThe Resident in the Persian Gulf reporting the arrival of articles sent from Bombay by HMS Cruizer, but requesting to be provided with a bullet mould and a supply of scarlet cloth, for him to give as presents to ‘Arabian Chiefs’The Resident in the Persian Gulf reporting: his observations on the anomalous position of the Shaik of Koweit, Shaik Jabir [Shaikh of Kuwait, Shaikh Jābir bin ‘Abdullāh Āl Ṣabāḥ], for whilst the nominal supremacy of the Porte [the Government of the Ottoman Empire] over him means that he is exempt from the British political control and surveillance exercised over the other maritime chiefs of the Persian Gulf, Hennell also expects that he will not pay any attention to the Turkish orders for the suppression of the ‘slave trade’; Hennell’s intention to write to the Shaikh of Koweit about Soor [Sur] vessels sending enslaved persons to his town for sale, and to urge him to enforce within his own districts the same regulations which exist at Bussorah [Basra], regarding the suppression of the ‘slave trade’; the issue of Persian [Iranian] vessels and Persian ports engaged in ‘slave dealing’, the different methods of evasion practised by ‘slave traders’ in the Persian Gulf, and his suggestions for measures for the suppression of the trafficThe Government of Bombay instructing HM Consul and Honourable Company’s [the East India Company’s] Agent in the Dominions of the Imaum of Muscat, Captain Atkins Hamerton, to bring to the notice of the Imaum the Soor vessels evading the treaty entered into with him for the suppression of the ‘slave trade’, and to express the conviction of the Governor in Council that the Imaum will adopt the necessary measures for prohibiting the embarkation of enslaved persons in his portThe Government of Bombay requesting the Superintendent of the Indian Navy to issue instructions to the officer commanding the Honourable Company’s brigantine Tigris, under orders for Zanzibar, regarding the removal and disposal of enslaved persons from vessels which he may have the right to seize, and to gain as much information as he can regarding the Slave Trade and the effect the treaties recently concluded have had upon it.The correspondence is primarily between the Government of Bombay (mostly the Chief Secretary to Government, Arthur Malet, and the Governor of Bombay, George Russell Clerk) and the following: the Resident in the Persian Gulf; the Advocate General, Bombay; the Superintendent of the Indian Navy; the Senior Magistrate of Police, Bombay; HM Consul and Honourable Company’s Agent in the Dominions of the Imaum of Muscat; the Secretary to the Medical Board, Bombay, John Scott; the Governor of Muscat; the Imaum of Muscat; the President of the Diocesan Committee of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel and the Corresponding Committee of the Church Missionary Society; Mahomed bin Alli; and the Officiating Secretary to the Government of India, George Alexander Bushby.Physical description: 1 item (168 folios)
9. Political No. 66 of 1873, Forwarding Papers Relating to the Capture by HMS Vultureof a Slave Buglah off Soor on the Arab Coast
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of copies of a Political Despatch from the Government of India Foreign Department to the Secretary of State for India, dated 24 April 1873 and received in the India Office Secret Department on 25 June 1873, forwarding papers relating to the capture by HMS Vultureof a slave buglah [buggalow] off Soor [Ṣūr], on the Arab Coast, in the month of September 1872.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 197, and terminates at f 206, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The sequence contains two foliation anomalies: f 197a and f 202a.