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1. Coll 28/18 ‘Persia; Diaries; Meshed intelligence Summaries 1931–’
- Description:
- Abstract: Printed and typewritten fortnightly intelligence reports, submitted by staff at the British Consulate at Meshed [Mashhad]. Reports dated up to June 1931 were submitted by the British Military Attaché at Meshed (Major Leo Steveni). Reports after June 1931 were submitted by the Secretary to the British Consul at Meshed (Major Lancelot George Werge Hamber; Major Richard Henry Stevens).The reports are organised into three geographic regions: 1) Khorasan province in Persia [Iran] (including Meshed); 2) Herat province in Afghanistan; and 3) the ‘Central Asian Republics’ (corresponding to present-day Turkmenistan, as well as Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan). Each report is further arranged under miscellaneous subject headings that include:military affairs, including conscriptionadministrative and civil affairseconomic affairstrade and customsroads and communicationsspecific to Khorasan: Persian officials, refugees from Russia, and Soviet activities in Persiaspecific to the Central Asian Republics, the activities of the Basmachi movementMinute papers are enclosed in front of many reports, containing notes made by India Office staff commenting on items of note in the report.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 149; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located at the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-148; these numbers are also written in pencil and circled, but are crossed through.
2. Coll 5/27 ‘Question of retention of right to use aerial bombing for police purposes’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence and newspaper extracts related to the right of nations to utilise aerial bombardment for internal police purposes. It covers the attitude of the Iraqi and Afghan governments towards the use of air power in, or adjacent to, their territory. There is also some examination of the use of air power by France against ‘dissidents’ in Morocco (see folios 46-49) and by the Soviet Union against ‘dissidents’ in Turkmenistan; a translation of a propaganda pamphlet dropped by Soviet aircraft over Turkoman villages during August 1933 can be found on folios 54-56. The file also contains an account examining the reasoning and purpose behind the British bombing of the Indian village of Kotkai in August 1933: see folios 32-38. The discussion takes place against the background of the Geneva Disarmament Conference (1932-1934).The file includes translated extracts from the Islah, which are included to illustrate reporting that the Foreign Office perceives to be damaging to Britain: see folios 6-7, 27-28, and 40-41. Extracts from the Birmingham Post(folio 16), the Morning Post(folio 17), and the News Chronicle(folio 20) have also been included.The main correspondents are as follows: HM Minister at Kabul (Richard Roy Maconachie), HM Representative at Baghdad (George Arthur Ogilvie Forbes, Acting Counsellor, and Francis Henry Humphrys, Ambassador), officials at the Foreign Office and other British diplomatic representatives. The correspondence is periodically forwarded to the Under-Secretary of State for India by the Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs; very little correspondence in this file directly involves the India Office.The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 63; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.