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13. ‘Muskat. His Highness the Imaum of makes certain regulations in regard to vessels putting into his Ports’
- Description:
- Abstract: The item consists of copies and extracts of correspondence and minutes cited in, or enclosed with, extracts of a Political Letter sent between the Government of Bombay and the East India Company Court of Directors, dated 14 January 1847.The item relates to attempts by the Company to get the Imaum [Imam] of Muscat [also rendered in text as Muskat] to agree to a similar arrangement that they have with the Guicowar [Gaekwad] in Kattiwar [Kathiawar, also rendered in text as Kattywar and Katteewar] and the Rao of Cutch [Kachchh]. The arrangement relates to the duties levied on vessels which are forced to dock at ports due to bad weather or needing repairs.Captain Atkins Hamerton, HM Consul and Company Agent in the Dominions of His Highness the Imaum of Muscat, reports on the Imaum's current attitude to such cases and the arrangement currently existing between the Imaum and the Government of the United States of North America. Copies of Hamerton’s letters are ordered to be sent out to numerous offices within the Government of Bombay.The item also includes correspondence from Major Samuel Hennell, Resident in the Persian Gulf, on whether an article in the current treaty existing between the British Government and the Imaum is applicable in the cases noted above.As well as the above, the item’s correspondents also include the Court of Directors.The title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Bombay Political Department’, ‘P.C. [Previous Communication] 5595, Draft 346/47’, ‘Collection No. 36 of No. 2’ and ‘Examiner’s Office’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 235, and terminates at f 252, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
14. ‘Muscat. Slave Trade.’
- Description:
- Abstract: The item consists of copies and extracts of correspondence which form partial enclosures to a Political Letter from the Government of Bombay to the East India Company Court of Directors, dated 27 March 1846. A copy of this letter can be found at IOR/F/4/2157/103838.The item contains extracts from a letter from the Court of Directors to the Government of Bombay, 27 November 1844. This letter relates to the ‘slave trade’ [trade in enslaved people] that is undertaken by subjects of the British government and subjects of the Imaum [Imam] of Muscat. In particular, it mentions reports by Captain Atkins Hamerton, HM Consul and the Company’s Agent in the Dominions of the Imaum of Muscat, of enslaved people being held in the Imaum’s dominions by British subjects. The extracts are forwarded to Hamerton, along with instructions to urge the Imaum to extend current prohibitions.The extracts are also forwarded to Samuel Hennell, Resident in the Persian Gulf, alongside instructions with regards to the vigilance and exertion required to suppress the ‘slave trade’. Hennell replies requesting a list of documents.The title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Bombay Political Department’, ‘P.C. [Previous Communication] 5410, Draft 786/46’, ‘Vol: 10’, ‘Collection N. 10 of N. 39’ and ‘Examiner’s Office’. The ‘N. 10’ has been crossed out with different ink.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 889, and terminates at f 895, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
15. ‘Muscat. Purchase of four slaves by His Highness the Imaum’s authorities. Vol: 8’
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, consultations, memoranda, resolutions, and minutes cited in, or enclosed with, political letters from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai]. The correspondents are: the Government of Bombay and Captain Atkins Hamerton, British Consul in the Dominions of the Imaum [Imam] of Muscat. It is the eighth in a series of seventeen items on the trade in enslaved people (the others are IOR/F/4/2112/99462, IOR/F/4/2112/99463, IOR/F/4/2112/99464, IOR/F/4/2112/99465, IOR/F/4/2112/99466, IOR/F/4/2112/99467, IOR/F/4/2112/99468, IOR/F/4/2112/99470, IOR/F/4/2112/99471, IOR/F/4/2112/99472, IOR/F/4/2112/99473, IOR/F/4/2112/99474, IOR/F/4/2112/99475, IOR/F/4/2112/99476, IOR/F/4/2112/99477, and IOR/F/4/2112/99478).The item concerns the purchase of four enslaved people on the authority of the Imaum of Muscat [Imam of Muscat, Sayyid Sa‘īd bin Sulṭān Āl Bū Sa‘īd].The item contains a contents page, and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Draft 872/45, P.C. [Previous Communication] 5013, Collection No 5 of No 77’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 173, and terminates at f 176, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains an original pagination sequence.
16. ‘Muskat Latest intelligence from- and regarding a Gold watch presented by His Highness the Imam to the Acting Native Agent at-’
- Description:
- Abstract: The item consists of copies and extracts of correspondence and minutes, cited in, or enclosed with, a Political Letter from the Government of Bombay to the East India Company Court of Directors, 29 August 1854. A copy of this letter can be found at IOR/F/4/2586/154786, alongside details of further enclosures. The item is the eighth in a series of nine items on events in the Persian Gulf 1853-54.The item contains a letter from Heskeal bin Yusoof [Ḥizqīl bin Yūsuf], Acting Native Agent at Muscat, to the Government of Bombay, dated 22 May 1854. He mentions that Abbass Khan [‘Abbās Khān, Ruler of Zir Rah?] sent provisions and ammunition to the port of Hamez [Hormuz?] but Syud Mahomed bin Salim [Sayyid Muḥammad bin Sālim], an agent of the Imam [Imām] of Muscat, sent a group to steal the provisions and expel the Persians [Iranians] from Hamez.Heskeal bin Yusoof also notes that the Imam has gifted him with a gold watch. The Secretary to Government questions whether he can keep this watch, quoting extracts from Sections LXII-LXIV of Chapter 52 of the Charter Act 1793 [Also called the East India Company Act 1793, described in text as '33 of George the III, Chap: 52']. The Governor of Bombay disagrees, stating that the Act of Parliament does not apply to 'Natives who are not called British Subjects' as 'British Subject' is used to signify 'what we call a European'.The title page of the item contains the following references: 'Bombay Political Department', Draft Number '20 1855', 'Collection No. 5 of No. 58 of 1854', 'Vol: 7' and 'Examiner's Office'. Originally, the Collection number was given as '8' but this has been crossed out and replaced with '5'.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 885, and terminates at f 889, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
17. 'Treaty with the Joasmee Pirates'
- Description:
- Abstract: The item consists of correspondence regarding a peace treaty between the East India Company and the Joasmee [Āl Qāsimī], and relations between the Joasmee and the Imam of Muscat.The correspondence consists mainly of letters between the Government of Bombay and the Resident at Muscat. It also includes letters from prominent members of the Joasmee and from Mullah Hussain [Molla Husayn], Ruler of Kishem [Qishm].Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 255, and terminates at f 293, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
18. ‘Proposed negotiations with the Joasmee and Wahabee chiefs for the suppression of piracy.’
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists mostly of copies of correspondence, minutes and resolutions cited in, or enclosed with, letters to and from the governments of Bengal and Bombay.The primary subjects are:The efforts of the Imam of Muscat to reinstate Sultan bin Suggur [Shaikh Sulṭān bin Ṣaqr al-Qāsimī] as Ruler of Rusul Khyma [Ra's al-Khaymah, and various spellings throughout]The hope that the treaty originally made between Britain and the Joasmee [Qawasim] in 1806 might be renewed and agreements made with other Gulf rulers, and the instructions given to William Bruce, Resident at Bushire [Bushehr], to this endReports of piracy in the Gulf, off the coasts of Cutch [Kutch] and Sind [Sindh], and around the port of Porebunder [Porbandar], and the actions taken to counter thisAn approach from Sauad ben Abdil Azees [Sa‘ūd bin ‘Abd al-‘Azīz Āl Sa‘ūd], Emir of Diriyah, seeking closer relations with Britain.The title page (f 208) of the item contains the following references: ‘Bombay Political No. 19, Season 1814/15, Draft 190’; and ‘Examiner’s Office, January 1815’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at 208, and terminates at 250, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains an original pagination sequence.
19. 'File XXIX/7-A Rising of Oman 1913-1920 Imam’s Rising 1917-1918.’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence in the form of letters and reports between British officials and the Sultan of Muscat and Oman, Taimur bin Fayṣal bin Turki al-Bu Sa‘idi. The correspondence is related to the Imam’s rising and the news of his forces besieging the Rustaq region. The file includes reports on the history of the Imamate in Oman, the Hinawi/Ghafiri fraction, the relations between the local Omani leaders and the British authorities in Muscat, and the history of the rising of the Imam against the Sultan. In one of his reports, the Political Agent, Muscat provides statements showing the estimated income of the Sultan of Muscat and his debts.The file includes correspondence related to the arrangement of a meeting between Shaikh Isa bin Saleh al-Harthi and the Political Agent, Muscat to negotiate settling the issue between the Imam and the Sultan. It also includes correspondence regarding the situation and requirements at Muscat, the question of whether the British Government should employ Baluch or Arabs in the Sultan troops, and the news of the possible attack of the Imam and his followers on Buraimi.Among other correspondents in the file are the Political Resident, Bushire, and the Deputy Secretary to the Government of India in the Foreign and Political Department.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 130; these numbers are written in pencil and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
20. 'File 8/20: MUSCAT STATE AFFAIRS: RISE OF OMANIS'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file relates to British policy in Muscat and Oman. It contains extensive correspondence and memoranda from the Political Agent and Consul at Muscat, mainly addressed to the Deputy Political Resident in the Persian Gulf and the Civil Commissioner in Baghdad, which discusses the rivalry between the Sultanate of Muscat and the Imamate of Oman, the history of British relations with the ruling sultans, and negotiations between the Sultan [Taymūr bin Fayṣal bin Turkī Āl Bū Sa‘īd] and the Omani tribes.Related matters of discussion include the following: comparisons between the Sultan's rule and that of the Imam's; the question of whether British support for the current Sultan's Government should be continued, given the state of its finances and the Sultan's standing with the Omani tribes; possible reforms to the Sultan's Government, as proposed by the Political Agent; the Political Agent's meeting with Omani representative Shaikh Isa bin Salih [Shaikh ‘Īsá bin Ṣāliḥ al-Ḥārthī]; negotiations between the Sultan and the Omanis (in which the Political Agent acts as mediator), and the terms for a final settlement between the two parties; plans for the Sultan to impose a penal zakat on certain Omani tribes; the murder of the Imam on 21 July 1920.Correspondents besides the Political Agent include the following: the Deputy Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the Civil Commissioner, Baghdad; officials of the Government of India's Foreign and Political Department.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 318; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.Condition: folios 274-276 are damaged and have parts of their edges missing, resulting in the loss of text.
21. 'File 8/62 III PRINCIPAL SHAIKHS & TRIBES of OMAN.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file concerns the principal shaikhs and tribes of Oman. The bulk of the file consists of an account by the Political Agent and Consul at Muscat entitled 'Notes on the Tribes of the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman' (ff 9-33), which provides written summaries of each of the main tribes and tables with further details including principal settlements, estimated population, and estimated number of rifles.The correspondence, which mainly consists of letters from the Political Agent to the Political Residency in Bahrain, discusses rumours that the Imam of Oman, during a spell of ill health in 1948, recommended his successor to an assembled group of leading tribal chiefs. Also discussed is the Sultan of Muscat and Oman's [Sa‘īd bin Taymūr Āl Bū Sa‘īd] attempts to obtain the allegiance of the Omani tribal leaders, and his hope of persuading them to discard the Imamate altogether when the present Imam dies.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 35; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
22. 'File 8/62 IV PRINCIPAL SHAIKHS & TRIBES OF OMAN.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file relates to the principal shaikhs and tribes of Oman, and also to the Imam of Oman's administration. It largely consists of copies of (and various amendments to) two reports. The first of these is an account by the Political Agent and Consul at Muscat entitled 'Notes on the Tribes of the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman' (full versions found at folios 11-37 and folios 90-116, the latter of which includes an enclosed map). This account provides written summaries of the main tribes, plus tables with further details, including principal settlements, estimated population, and estimated number of rifles.The second report is entitled 'A Note on the Imam's Administration in the interior of Oman' (ff 3-9 and ff 38-44). It includes details on the extent of the Imam's administration, a list of the tribes that currently support the Imam, and a list of walis appointed by the Imam.The correspondence, most of which is between the Political Agent and the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, mainly concerns details from, and revisions to, the Political Agent's aforementioned account on the tribes of Muscat and Oman.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 139; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence between ff 95-138, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
23. 'Position and Rights of His Majesty's Government in Basidu'
- Description:
- Abstract: Memorandum providing an overview of the British connection with Basidu [Bāsa ‘īdū](on the island of Kishm [Qeshm]) in terms of status and rights from c 1820-1928. Covering:introduction to the location of Basidu and its strategic importance;extent of the British Concession;status of Basidu – control by the Imam of Muscat, British settlement, Persian protest against British occupation, recognition of Kishm as Persian territory, and the legal position of Basidu;1868-1926 – consideration of British options, and the decisions made;1926-28 reassertion of Persian claims – status of concessions including coaling stations, and the Persian threat to occupy British Basidu August-September 1928, and resulting British naval precautions.It includes a summary detailing the legal position in regard to Basidu and the value of retaining the coaling station. In addition, a list of points referred to in connection with the Persian Gulf Sub-Committee, and the view expressed by the Government of India are also given.Written by John Gilbert Laithwaite of the India Office.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 57, and terminates at f 59, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
24. ‘Presents from Native Chiefs Disposal of- on account of the Honble Company with the exception of a Diamond Snuffbox of Turkish manufacture, which is forwarded to the Honble the Court of Directors for the Museum at the East India House.-’
- Description:
- Abstract: The item consists of copies and extracts of correspondence, minutes and resolutions, cited in, or enclosed with, a Political Letter from the Government of Bombay to the East India Company Court of Directors, 30 August 1854. The enclosures are dated 28 August 1852-August 1854.The item relates to a gold Turkish snuffbox presented, amongst other gifts, to Major Atkins Hamerton, HM Consul and Company Agent in the dominions of the Imaum [Imām] of Muscat, by the Imaum in 1852. Hamerton forwards the gifts to the Government of Bombay, who order them to be sold at public auction except for the snuffbox which is to be held in the treasury. Hamerton provides details of the gifts' background and former owners, who include Mahammed Ali the Vice Roy of Egypt [Muḥammad ‘Alī Pāshā al-Mas‘ūd bin Āghā].The item also contains later papers from 1854 in which the Government of Bombay orders a list (included in item) of presents from 'native chiefs', including the snuffbox, to be sold at auction by Bennett & Company. After failing to sell for its estimated value, the box is returned to the Acting Sub-Treasurer. The Government of Bombay order the box to be sent to the Court of Directors, for deposit in their museum at East India House.The title page of the item contains the following references: 'Bombay Political Department', Draft Number '20 1855', 'Collection No. 7 of No. 61 of 1854', and 'Examiner's Office'. Originally, the Collection number was given as '1' but this has been crossed out and replaced with '7'.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 957, and terminates at f 969, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
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