Abstract: A collection of correspondence that primarily relates to agitation that took place in Bahrain between 1935 and 1938. The main topics discussed are the reform of Shia religious courts in Bahrain, the factors involved in the unrest, a brief history of the Baharnah (the Shia community in Bahrain), matters related to education in the country, the emergence of an educated class in Bahrain and employees of the Bahrain Petroleum Company.The correspondence is primarily between the Political Agent in Bahrain (Hugh Weightman) and the Resident in Bushire (Lt Col Trenchard Craven Fowle). Correspondence from Shaikh Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa’s advisor, Charles Belgrave, is also contained.Physical description: A bound correspondence file. The volume is foliated from the first page with text to last page with text, with small circled numbers in the top-right corner of each front-facing page. Some folios originally missed out have had letters added at a later date, e.g. 1a. 1b etc. There is an inconsistent foliation system of uncircled numbers also in the top-right corner of each front-facing page.
Abstract: This file contains information regarding the formation, acitivites and subsequent disbandment of the Bahrain Levy corps, a para-military force that existed on the island between 1924 and 1926.The file contains detailed discussions regarding the creation of the corps including questions over its role, size, ethnic composition and budget. The numerous diffilculties that the British faced in forming the corps are also discussed.The corps was disbanded in 1926 after one of its members shot (and killed) two Indian officers and injured the Political Agent Clive Daly.The records contain a detailed report of the attacks written by Daly, reports of the murderer's execution and correspondence regarding the logistics involved in the disbandment of the corps.Physical description: Previously a bound correspondence file, its sheets have been unbound and are now loose. Foliation starts on first page of the volume and continues to the last page of writing. Foliation in pencil numbers in top right corner of recto. The following foliation errors occur: f.1 is followed by ff.1A, 1B and 1C; f.60 is followed by 60A and 60B; f.93 is followed by 93A; f.97 is followed by 97A; f.98 is followed by 98A; f.170 is followed by 170A; f.224 is followed by 224A and 224B; f.297 is followed by 297A; f.307 is followed by 307A. The following folios do not exist: f.39, f.150, ff.161-166, ff.210-215, f.221.
Abstract: This file contains correspondence regarding the recruitment of the adviser to Shaikh Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, Charles Belgrave and later, his (Belgrave's) assistant, J. M. Luard.The file contains correspondence with Belgrave and details regarding the process of recruitment, contract negotiations and also details regarding leave taken by Belgrave.Physical description: Previously a bound correspondence volume, the file's pages have been unbound and are now loose. The file is foliated with a pencil number in top-right corner of each front-facing page, from front cover to the inside of the back cover.
Abstract: This volume contains detailed discussions regarding the proposed British reforms in Bahrain. The documents discuss the attitude of Shaikh Isa bin Ali Al Khalifa towards the reforms and the role of his sons Abdullah bin Isa Al Khalifa and Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa.The oppression of the Shia community by the Al Khalifa family and Bahrain's taxation system are discussed as are the implications of the implementation of the reforms vis a vis British relations with Bin Saud and the Persian Government.The file also contains correspondence between British officials and Shaikh Isa, a petition from the Baharna (Shia) indigenous community of Bahrain and reports regarding Nejdi-Persian violence that occurred in Bahrain in 1923.Physical description: Originally a bound correspondence volume, its sheets have been unbound and are now all loose. Foliation - in pencil on the top right corner of each front-facing page - starts on the first page of text after the index page. There is an inconsistent pencilled system that is crossed out, also on the top right corner of each front-facing page.
Abstract: This file contains correspondence regarding an attempt by Sultan bin Mohamed bin Salamah (the head of the Al bin Ali tribe in Bahrain) - with the assistance of Shaikh Jasim Al Thani of Qatar and the Ottoman Governor (Mutasarrif) of El Hasa - to establish a settlement at Zubarah on the Qatar Peninsula.The British were entirely opposed to this idea and the correspondence contains details of their reaction to it, including an account of a bombardment of a fleet of dhows at Zubarah by the H. M. S. Sphinx in September 1895.Physical description: Formerly a bound correspondence volume, the file's pages have been unbound and are now loose. Foliation starts on first page with writing (3rd folio in volume). Foliation is in pencil in top right corner of recto. The following foliation errors occur: f.61 is followed by f.61A. f.73 is replaced by f.73A and f.73B.
Abstract: The correspondence contained in this file is divided into four sections:(19/75) Correspondence between 1899 and 1933 regarding a complaint made by Shaikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Khalifa regarding the estate of his late father, a previous ruler of Bahrain, Mohammed bin Khalifa Al Khalifa.(19/189) Correspondence regarding the movements and activities of Shaikh Khalifa bin Hamad Al Khalifa. A junior member of the Al Khalifa family who travelled - without permission of the British - to Baghdad and Kuwait and caused 'various intrigues'.(19/220) Correspondence from 1933 regarding the presentation of Kharitah to Shaikh Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa to formally recognise him as ruler of Bahrain after the death of Shaikh Isa bin Ali Al Khalifa.(19/223) Miscellaneous correspondence between 1933 and 1938 regarding (and with) members of the Al Khalifa family. This includes a letter reporting the birth of Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa, the future ruler of Bahrain (1961-1999).Physical description: Previously a bound correspondence volume, the file's sheets have been unbound and are now loose. This volume has three foliation sequences. The first sequence, which is incomplete, is written in blue crayon in the top right corner. The second sequence, which is also incomplete, is written in pencil near the top right corner. The third sequence, which is complete and should be used for referencing, is written in pencil in the top right corner. It begins on the first folio of writing, on number 1, and runs through to folio 117, ending on the inside of the back cover of the volume. The following details should be noted: f.11 is followed by f.11A; f.41 is followed by f.41A; f.70 is followed by f.70A; f.71 is followed by f.71A; f.74 is followed by f.74A; f.75 is followed by f.75A; f.84 is contained within an envelope (f.84A), which is attached to the verso of f.83.
Abstract: This file contains correspondence - primarily between the Political Agency in Bahrain and the Political Residency in Bushire - regarding the relations of Bahrain (and its ruler Shaikh Isa bin Ali Al Khalifa) with other foreign powers.Topics discussed in the documents include communication between Shaikh Isa and the Ottoman governor of Qateef, rumours that Shaikh Isa had declared himself a subject of Turkey, correspondence regarding Persian claims to Bahrain and concerns of the Persian government regarding the treatment of Persian citizens resident in Bahrain, the activities of a cousin of Shaikh Isa named Shaikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Khalifa who travelled without permission to Istanbul and correspondence between Shaikh Isa and the Ottoman governor of Basra.The file also contains copies (and translations) of anti-British articles published in Iranian newspapers and letters between Shaikh Isa and Ottoman officials.Physical description: Previously a bound volume, its sheets have been unbound and are now all loose. Foliation starts on first page of volume. Foliation is in pencil in top right corner of recto. Additional foliation sequences in red and blue crayon are also present in the top right corner. The following foliation errors occur: 1,1A; 110,110A; 173,173A.
Abstract: This file contains correspondence concerning relations between Bahrain and other foreign powers, primarily Persia.The correspondence discusses the following topics:Agitation in the Persian press regarding the alleged oppression of Persians in Bahrain. This includes examples of this type of reporting, including a cutting from the Persian newspaper Asar Azadi (f. 229b & 229c).The Persian Government's claim to sovereignty over Bahrain (this includes correspondence between British and Persian officials, some of which is in French).Details regarding British jurisdiction over foreigners in Bahrain.The political agitation of a Persian tally clerk (named Abu Talib) at the Mesopotamia Persian Corporation Limited in Bahrain.The activities of Shaikh Hamad bin Mohammed Al Khalifa and his son Shaikh Khalifa bin Hamad Al Khalifa.Measures to restrict the entry of undesriable foreigners into Bahrain.The file also includes two petitions (to the British Consulate General in Arabistan) from Bahrainis resident in Muhammarah concerning the conduct of the Persian Government and a cutting entitled 'Alleged British Repression in Bahrain' from a newspaper published in Lahore called 'The Muslim Outlook' (f.197).Physical description: A bound correspondence volume. Foliation starts with the first folio and runs to the last folio. Folio 1 is split into four parts (1, 1A, 1B and 1C), folio 157 into two parts (157A and 157B), folio 206 into two parts (206A and 206B) and 229 into three parts (229A, 229B and 229C). The foliation is written in pencil, circled and positioned in the top right hand corner of the recto side (with the exception of 229B and 229C) which are numbered on the top left hand side in arabic language fashion).A secondary foliation system, also written in pencil but not circled, starts on folio 3. This system skips folios and sometimes labels a single folio as multpile folios, so it moves in and out of sync with the primary system.Folios 229B and 229C are a newsprint insert contained within an envelope which has been attached to folio 229A.
Abstract: File contains correspondence regarding the access requirements of Persians entering Bahrain (from Persia), correspondence regarding reports of Bahrainis resident in Persia being pressured to adopt Persian nationality and several discussions related to the logistics and legality of travel in the region.The broader political context of these issues, complicated by Persia’s continued claim to sovereignty over Bahrain, is discussed in detail in the file.Physical description: Originally a bound correspondence file but sheets have been unbound and are now all loose. The volume is foliated from the first page with text to last page with text, with small circled numbers in the top-right corner of each front-facing page. There is an inconsistent, uncircled, foliation system also in the top-right corner of each front-facing page until folio 120.
Abstract: This file contains correspondence between British and Persian government officials regarding the harassment and mis-treatment of Bahrainis resident in Persia, notably in the town of Mohammerah (present day Khorramshahr).Much of the correspondence concerns the arrest of a Bahraini trader named Haji Hamid and reports that the Persian government was forcing Bahrainis to give up their Bahraini nationality and adopt Persian nationality. A petition from Bahrainis resident in Persia (addressed to the British resident) is contained on f.215.The file also contains correspondence related to an incident involving Bahrainis in Iraq being forced to adopt Iraqi nationality.Physical description: Formerly a bound correspondence volume, the file's pages have been unbound and are now loose.Foliation starts on first page of text, top right hand circled number. Ends on last page in volume. There is another pencilled, uncircled system that starts on f.2.
Abstract: This file contains correspondence between British officials regarding the harassment and mis-treatment of Bahrainis resident in Persia, notably in the town of Mohammerah (present day Khorramshahr).Much of the correspondence concerns the arrest of a Bahraini trader named Haji Hamid and reports that the Persian government is forcing Bahrainis to give up their Bahraini nationality and adopt Persian nationality.The correspondence discusses how the British should respond to Persia's actions and the broader implications of any such response. The detention of a Bahrain Government official in Persia (Jaafar Ben Abdullah Saleh) is also discussed as is correspondence regarding the exact number of Bahrainis then resident in Persia.The file also contains documents relating to foreign representation (or lack thereof) in Bahrain, the undesirability of the USA establishing a consulate in the country and practicalities regarding a visit to Bahrain of Paul Knabenshue, the Minister Resident of the USA in Baghdad.Physical description: Formerly a bound correspondence volume, the file's sheets have been unbound and are now loose. There are various foliation sequences. The most complete sequence is written in pencil, in the very top right corner. It begins on the title page and runs through to f.247, the spine of the volume, which has been separated and placed in a plastic sheet. The following details should be noted: f.1 is followed by f.1A and f.1B; f.115 is followed by f.115A; f.163 is followed by f.163A; f.163A is stored in an envelope that is attached to f.163; f.164 is followed by f.164A; f.165 and f.166 are stored in an envelope that is attached to f.164A; f.167 is followed by f.167A; f.168, f.169 and f.170 are stored in an envelope that is attached to f.167A.
Abstract: The file is a collection of correspondence between British officials in London, Delhi, Bushire and Bahrain. The bulk of the correspondence relates to reports that Bahrain nationals resident in Gusba in Persia were being forced by the Persian government to forego their Bahraini nationality and adopt Persian nationality. The reports include details of Bahrainis being imprisoned, physically attacked and forced to give up their Bahraini nationality. The file contains a number of petitions to Shaikh Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa from Bahraini subjects resident in Persia. An appropriate reaction by the British authorities in Bahrain is discussed at length as are broader issues related to a draft Bahrain nationality law. Measures proposed (but not enforced) by British officials include banning the Pahlavi Cap being worn by Persians resident in Bahrain and the closure of Persian schools in the country. It is declared that any person born in Bahrain of foreign parents – unless registered at the Agency – shall be considered as subjects of the Bahrain state.The file also includes information regarding a visit to Bahrain by the French Consul at Bushire and matters related to land ownership in the Hejaz.Physical description: A bound correspondence file. The volume is foliated from the front cover to last page, with small circled numbers in the top-right corner of each front-facing page.