Abstract: This sketch map shows the boundaries of the Jowasim [Qawasim] tribe and part of the territories of the Bini Yas [Bani Yas] tribe in the Trucial Coast.The map shows the Trucial Coast's main settlements, the island of Tunb, and parts of Mascat [the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman].The various territories are delineated either by dotted lines edged in different colours, or by dotted lines enclosing territory filled in with a single colour. The colour coding of the various territories is also explained in a key in the bottom right hand corner of the map. A note beneath the map summarises the main purpose and divisions of the map, and states that a certain area jointly owned by the rulers of Ras-al Khaimah and Kalba is also marked in red.Physical description: Materials: printed on paper.Dimensions: 335 x 400mm
Abstract: The file contains copies of correspondence addressed to the Resident at Bushire, Captain William Bruce, and to James Dow, Acting Resident at Bushire. Correspondence is sent to the Resident by a range of individuals, including various secretaries to the Government in Bombay, representatives of the civil and military auditors in Bombay, the British Envoy in Persia, Sir Henry Willock, and the Commanding Officers and Paymasters of British vessels on missions in the Gulf.The subjects covered in the file include: the forwarding and receiving of packets and letters from Tehran, Bombay; disbursements and other financial activities of the Residency; ongoing British military action against the Al Qasimi tribe at Ra's al-Khaymah.Physical description: Foliation: The volume has been foliated from the front cover to the inside back cover, with small circled numbers in the top-right corner of each recto. The volume also has an original pagination system, which uses ink numbers in the top-right corner of recto pages, and the top-left corner of verso pages.Condition: There is some insect damage throughout the volume, but it is not sufficient to impair the legibility or understanding of the material. Some of the pages at the back of the volume have suffered from water damage, which has made text more difficult to read, but not illegible.
Abstract: The file contains correspondence, mainly between 1941 and 1944 and starts with reports of the building of a fortified tower at the town of Diba [Dibba] (also spelt Dhibah, Daba) by the minority Qawasim [Āl Qawāsim] (also spelt Jawasim) inhabitants, subjects of the Regent of Kalba [Kalbā'], for protection from cross-border raids by the local Shihuh [Shiḥūḥ] (also spelt Shahuh) majority population, subjects of the Sultan of Muscat. The correspondence discusses the opposition of the Muscat authorities both to the building of this defensive post on the boundary between Qawasim and Shihuh territory and to the occupation of three Qawasim villages in nearby Wadi Madha land in the Shamaliyah District, by armed men sent by the Regent of Kalba, in response to an appeal by the villagers for protection against Shihuh attacks. Also reported are the several visits to Diba by official representatives from Muscat and Kalba, as well as local British officials, to secure a temporary truce and resolve the more or less permanent state of tribal conflict existing in the locality, by negotiating a lasting peace settlement.The main correspondents are the Residency Agent and the Political Officer for the Trucial Coast, (both based at Sharjah); the Political Agents for Bahrain and Muscat; and the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf. There are also English translations and one Arabic transcript of several letters from Shaikh Khalid bin Ahmad [Āl Qasimī, Shaikh Khālid bin Ahmad] the Regent of Kalba to the Residency Agent, Sharjah, mainly in 1941, about repeated attacks on Diba by the Shihuh and the progress of his peace negotiations with the representative of the Sultan of Muscat and Oman. There are English translations of several other letters from the Sultan of Muscat and Oman and his ministers, to the Regent of Kalba and the British Consul Muscat, about outbreaks of fighting between the Shihuh and Qawasim at Diba, including a list of Shihuh complaints against the Qawasim (folio 70) and the peace agreement made in 1941 (folio 74).The file also includes a small, black and white photograph (folio 78) of the fortified tower at Diba, taken in 1944 by the Political Officer for the Trucial Coast, Sharjah, after it had been rebuilt in contravention of the peace agreement between the Qawasim and Shihuh inhabitants.Physical description: Foliation: The main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover (f 1) and terminates at the back cover (f 90); these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in the file. These numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence.
Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence and resolutions cited in, or enclosed with, political letters from the governments of Bombay and Bengal. The principal correspondents are: the Government of Bombay; Captain John Wainwright; Brigadier General John Malcolm; the Residents at Muscat, David Seton and William Bunce. The item concerns Persian Gulf campaign of 1809 against the Joasmee [Āl Qawāsim] involving HMS
Chiffonne, HMS
Caroline; East India Company cruisers
Mornington,
Aurora,
Ariel,
Fury,
Strombolo,
Ternate, and
Vestal; the transports
Minerva,
Friendship,
Mary, and
Duncan. The campaign was commanded by Captain John Wainwright of HMS
Chiffonneand Lieutenant Colonel Lionel Smith of His Majesty's 65th Regiment of Foot.The item contains a discussion of the following considerations before undertaking the campaign:The reasons for the campaign including the taking of the
MinervaAlliances between tribes and the background to the link between the Joasmees and the Wahabees [Wahabi]Negotiations with the Imaum of Muscat [Imam of Muscat, Sayyid Sa‘īd bin Sulṭān Āl Bū Sa‘īd] for the campaign to include recovering Muscat's land from the Wahabees, defending Muscat against the Wahabees, and the Imaum's help in provisioning the expedition's shipsTimings of the campaignLimitations on the campaign with respect to coming into conflict with the WahabeesLimitations on attacking areas of the Persian coast and attacking the pirate settlements on landDiscussion of the opinion of Persia on the proposed campaign.The description of the campaign focuses on the attack on Ras-ul-Khyma [Ras al-Khaimah] on 12 November, although there is also a description of the attack on the port of Luft [Laft, on the isle of Qeshm] 26 November, Linga [Bandar-e-Lengeh], and the capture of Shinnas [Shinas].There is a detailed description of the loss of the
Stromboloon 15 September and the subsequent inquiry on board the
Mornington, which concluded that there was no evidence to court martial the men who had embarked in the
Strombolo's boat. The Government at Bombay were not satisfied with this inquiry and intended to reopen it.The title page of this item contains the following references: 'Political No. 16, Draft 33, Season 1812/13, Examiner's Office March 1811'.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences with f 138, and terminates with f 284, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains an original pagination sequence.
Abstract: The letterbook is comprised of correspondence sent between the Resident in the Persian Gulf, Captain Arnold Kemball, and the Chief Secretary of the Government in Bombay, Arthur Malet, relating to events at Bahrain (folios 1-61), on the Arabian Coast and Muscat (folios 63-256), and the slave trade (folios 258-414).Correspondence relating to Bahrain, the Arab Coast and Muscat, chiefly concerns relations (including conflicts and settlements) between the Arab tribes, occasional breaches of the maritime peace, and the movements of a Wahhabi army eastwards from the Arabian interior, towards Al-Buraimi and Muscat. Correspondence relating to the slave trade chiefly concerns instances of slaves being imported into Persia from Zanzibar, occasionally via the Batinah and Arab coasts.Physical description: Foliation: The letterbook has been split into two volumes, ending at folio 208 in the first volume, and picking up at folio 209 in the second. Foliation begins on the first page of text in the first volume, and ends on the last page of the original letterbook in the second volume. The foliation system uses pencil numbers in the top-right corner of each recto. An original pagination system, written in ink in the top-left corner of versos and the top-right corner of rectos, runs through both volumes.The front cover, inside cover, front flyleafs, rear flyleafs and inside back cover of each volume are unfoliated.The following foliation anomalies occur: 41A, 74A, 74B (no 74), 179A, 179B (no 179), 184A, 184B (no 184), 187A, 194A, 194B (no 194), 196A, 196B (no 196), 203A, 263A, 282A, 282B (no 282), 295A, 295B (no 295), 331A, 331B (no 331).
Abstract: The item consists of correspondence regarding a peace treaty between the East India Company and the Joasmee [Āl Qāsimī], and relations between the Joasmee and the Imam of Muscat.The correspondence consists mainly of letters between the Government of Bombay and the Resident at Muscat. It also includes letters from prominent members of the Joasmee and from Mullah Hussain [Molla Husayn], Ruler of Kishem [Qishm].Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 255, and terminates at f 293, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
Abstract: The file comprises correspondence relating to affairs on the Trucial Coast in 1951, chiefly the assassination of the Ruler of Kalba, Hamad bin Sa’id [Ḥamad bin Sa’id Āl Qāsimī] by Saqr bin Sultan bin Salim [Ṣaqr bin Sultan bin Salim Āl Qāsimī], son of the former ruler of Ra’s al-Khaymah, Sheikh Sultan bin Salim Āl Qāsimī. The principal correspondents in the file are: the Political Officer on the Trucial Coast (Arthur John Wilton); the Political Agent at Bahrain (William Scott Laver; Cornelius James Pelly; Lieutenant-Colonel Louis Alexander Gordon Pinhey); and the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Lieutenant-Colonel William Rupert Hay).Correspondence relating to the assassination of Hamad bin Sa’id, which took place in early July 1951, includes: Wilton’s initial reports of the incident (ff 46-47, ff 42-45); his trip to Kalba and his meeting with Saqr bin Sultan (ff 34-37); Wilton’s recommendations over actions to be taken against Saqr bin Sultan and his suggested candidates for ruler of Kalba (ff 10-13); discussion between British officials over the relative merits and demerits of political or forcible removal of Saqr bin Sultan; Wilton’s proposals for decisive action (ff 7-8), being of the opinion that the British Government should not condone the incident, and recommending that a Trucial Council be convened to encourage the rulers of the Trucial Coast to cooperate in removing Saqr bin Sultan (ff 30-33); Pelly and Hay’s preference for political pressure rather than direct action, and their disinclination to involve the other Trucial Coast rulers by convening a Trucial Council (ff 23-25).Other correspondence in the file relates to: the Ruler of Kalba’s proposal, in May 1951, to erect a tower on the edges of his territory (ff 55-59); the transfer in July 1951 of financial rights (tribute, or
zakkat) of the village of Dhaid, between members of the Āl Qāsimī (ff 50-54).Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 60; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-59; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
Abstract: The file comprises correspondence relating to discussion amongst British officials over the fate of the Sheikhdom of Kalba in the wake of the assassination of its ruler, Ḥamad bin Sa’id Āl Qāsimī. The file is a direct chronological continuation of ‘File 22/6 I Kalba’ (IOR/R/15/2/941). The principal correspondents in the file are: the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Lieutenant-Colonel William Rupert Hay); the Political Agent at Bahrain (William Scott Laver); and the British Agent at Sharjah, also referred to as the Political Officer on the Trucial Coast (Arthur John Wilton).Correspondence includes: Wilton’s description of the negotiations taking place amongst the Jawasim [Āl Qāsimī] in Sharjah, over whether Sultain bin Salim should be installed as Ruler of Kalba (ff 12-15), a decision which Foreign Office officials are doubtful that they could approve (f 19); Hay’s proposals to allow Kalba to revert to Sharjah, in light of the fact that the deceased ruler, Ḥamad bin Sa’id, had no legitimate heirs (f 18); Hay’s note on the Sheikhdom of Kalba, dated 26 November 1951 (f 10). Correspondence also refers to the continued concession payments being made by Petroleum Concessions Limited (PCL) to Sheikh Khalid bin Aḥmad Āl Qāsimī, former Regent of Kalba, and proposals to blockade Wadi al Quar [Khawr] as a means of removing Saqr bin Sultan bin Salim from Kalba (ff 16-17).The first item of correspondence in the file is not directly related to the Kalba negotiations: a letter from J Gethin of the British Consulate in Muscat, to the Political Resident, dated 10 December 1951, informing the Resident that the ruler of Kalba has moved the aperture in the frontier wall separating Kalba from Oman (f 3).Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 20; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-19; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
Abstract: This file, like the preceding file in this sequence [IOR/R/15/6/219] concerns an ongoing dispute between the Jawasim [Āl Qawāsim] and the Shihuh, two tribes residing at Diba [Dibba, transliterated in various ways throughout the file].The correspondence, which discusses reports of aggression on both sides, features the following principal correspondents: the Political Agent and Consul, Muscat; the Political Agent, Bahrain; the Residency Agent, Sharjah; the Political Officer, Trucial Coast, Sharjah; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the Sultan of Muscat and Oman [Sa‘īd bin Taymūr Āl Sa‘īd]; the Regent of Kalba [Shaikh Khālid bin Aḥmad bin Sultān Āl Qasimī]; the Government of Muscat and Oman's Minister for External Affairs.Much of the correspondence revolves around the contentious issue of a recently constructed tower in the part of Diba inhabited by the Jawasim. Related matters of discussion include the following: the occupation by the Jawasim of villages in the Wadi Madha, which is defended by the Regent of Kalba as an act of protection rather than one of aggression; a reported settlement in late 1941 between the Regent of Kalba and the Sultan of Muscat and Oman; the demolition of the tower at Diba, and the Regent of Kalba's claim for compensation; reports that, contrary to his agreement with the Sultan, the Regent of Kalba has rebuilt the tower.The Arabic language material mainly consists of correspondence between the Political Agent and Consul at Muscat and representatives of the Sultan of Muscat and Oman.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 175; these numbers are written in pencil and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
Abstract: This file, continuing on from the previous file in the sequence [IOR/R/15/6/220], concerns an ongoing dispute between the Qawasim [Āl Qawāsim] and the Shihuh, two tribes residing at Diba [Dibba, transliterated in various ways throughout the file].The correspondence, which discusses reports of aggression on both sides, features the following principal correspondents: the Political Agent and Consul, Muscat; the Political Agent, Bahrain; the Political Officer, Trucial Coast, Sharjah; the Sultan of Muscat and Oman [Sa‘īd bin Taymūr Āl Sa‘īd]; the Government of Muscat and Oman's Minister for Foreign Affairs. Also discussed is whether the Sultan of Muscat and Oman should appoint an official for the Shihuh population at Diba.The Arabic language material consists of correspondence between the Political Agent and Consul at Muscat and the Sultan of Muscat and Oman.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 28; these numbers are written in pencil and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
Abstract: The file consists of a selection of correspondence sent from the Political Department of the Bombay Government to the Resident in the Persian Gulf during 1838; Samuel Hennell took up the position of Resident during that year. The subject matter covered includes the kidnapping of slaves from the Burburra [Berbera] coast; a British military expedition to the Persian Gulf; and the seizure of a boat belonging to Porbandar by the Mahara [Al-Maharah] Arabs of Wadi.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover and terminates at the last folio; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.The item level references for the file utilise the folio numbers.Pagination: The file also contains an original pagination sequence written in ink; these numbers are located in the top outermost corner of each page.
Abstract: Volume of incoming copy correspondence to William Bruce, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf from various correspondents within the East India Company discussing financial, administrative and political matters relating to the running of the residency at Bushire. Particular attention throughout the correspondence is given to:Questions of Piracy in view of the raiding of East India Company vessels in the Persian GulfThe shipping of sulphur from Bushire to IndiaMatters relating to the finances of the Bushire Residency.Key correspondents include Francis Warden, Chief Secretary to the Government at Bombay; John Kaye, Accountant General at Bombay; James Farish, Secretary to the Government at Bombay and John Hinde Pelly, Deputy Military Paymaster General at Bombay.Physical description: Foliation: The volume has been foliated in the top right hand front corner of each folio that contains writing with a pencil number enclosed in a circle.There is also an original pagination sequence consisting of an ink number in the top right corner of the recto and the top left corner of the verso of each folio. The pagination numbers are missing on a number of pages owing to the poor condition of some of the correspondence.