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1. 'Persian Gulf Gazetteer. Part I. Historical and Political Materials. Précis of Nejd Affairs, 1804-1904'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume, stamped ‘Secret’ on the front cover and frontispiece, is part 1 (historical and political materials) of a précis of Najd (spelt Nejd throughout) affairs for the years 1896-1904. It was prepared by Jerome Antony Saldanha of the Bombay Provincial Civil Service, and published in 1904 by the Government of India Foreign Department, Simla, India.The volume includes a preface (folio 3) and list of contents (folio 4). The sections listed in the contents run as follows:I: Rise of the Wahabis under Abdul Wahab [‘Abd al-Wahhāb] ante1740;II: Political History of Nejd ante 1800 to 1804;III: Genealogy of the Wahabi Amirs;IV: First encroachments of the Wahabis on Oman,, 1804-1808;V: (1) Joasami [Āl Qāsimī] pirates under Wahabi influence first venture into the Indian Seas. (2) Expedition against Joasamis and Wahabis, 1808-1809;VI: First Egyptian Invasion of Nejd, 1814-1819;VII: Resurrection of the Wahabis and Reconstitution of the Wahabi Kingdom, 1824-1831;VIII: Wahabi overtures to British Government, 1831;IX: (1) Wahabi Invasion of Oman, 1833. (2) Views of the Government of India as to the claims of Maskat [Muscat] on the British Government;X: (1) Turki [Turkī] murdered by Meshari [Mashārī]. (2) Meshari executed by Feysal [Fayṣal]. (3) Feysal assumes Kingdom;XI: (1) Second Egyptian Invasion of Nejd. (2) Egyptian withdrawal under British pressure;XII: Government of Khalid [Khālid] as Turkish viceregent;XIII: (1) Abdullah bin Saneyan [‘Abdullāh bin Thānīyān] seizes the kingdom. (2) Feysal returns from exile;XIV: (1) Oman again threatened by the Wahabis. (2) British policy;XV: Wahabi attempt on Bahrein [Bahrain]XVI: Invasion of Oman by Abdullah, son of Feysal (2) Treaty between Maskat and Wahabis;XVII: Feysal's nominal dependence upon Turkey, 1855;XVIII: (1) Renewal of Wahabi attempt on Bahrein. (2) British interference, 1859;XIX: (1) Blockade of Wahabi ports by Chief of Bahrein, 1861. (2) Blockade raised on British interference;XX: Turkish protest against British proceedings;XXI: Differences between Sultan of Maskat and Amir of Nejd, 1864-65;XXII: Visit of Colonel [Lewis] Pelly to Riadh [Riyadh], 1865;XXIII: Difference between Sultan of Maskat and Amir of Nejd (continued), 1864-1865;XXIV: (1) Rebellion of two Oman tribes under leadership of Wahabi Officer. (2) Outrage of British subjects;XXV: British operations against the Wahabis, 1865-66;XXVI: The Amir of Nejd comes to terms, 1866;XXVII: Deputation of a Wahabi envoy to Baghdad, 1866;XXVIII: Wahabi advances to Beraymi [al-Buraymī];XXIX: Civil War between Abdullah and Saud [Sa‘ūd], his brother. (2) Turkish expedition into Nejd to assist Abdullah, 1870-71;XXX: Saud bin Feysal's appeal to the Resident for arbitration of the British Government, 1871-1873;XXXI: Saud's negotiations with the Turks, 1872;XXXII: First Mission of Haji Ahmed [Ḥājjī Aḥmad] to Baghdad, 1872;XXXIII: Second Mission of Haji Ahmed to Baghdad, 1872;XXXIV: Visit of Abdullah messenger to Baghdad, 1872-1873;XXXV: Release of Abdur Rahman [‘Abd al-Raḥmān];XXXVI: Death of Saud bin Faysal [Sa‘ūd bin Fayṣal] and election of Abdul Rahman as Amir, 1875;XXXVII: Abdullah bin Feysal [‘Abdullāh bin Fayṣal] defeats Abdur Rahman, 1875-80;XXXVIII: Threatened Revolt of the Montefik Arabs [al-Muntafiq], 1880;XXXIX: Sheikh Abdullah bin Thanneyan, 1879-1880;XL: State of affairs in 1881;XLI: Rise of the Shammar principality, 1835-1882;XLII: Genealogy of Shammar Chiefs;XLIII: Hostilities between Abdullah bin Feysal and Ibn Rashid [Ibn Rashīd];XLIV: Imprisonment of Abdullah bin Feysal and absorption of the Wahabi Kingdom in the Shammar principality, 1887-1896;XLV: Complications with Koweit, 1897-1904.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
2. 'Note on Central Arabia'
- Description:
- Abstract: This note gives a very short history of Central Arabia in thirteen paragraphs. Details are given concerning the history of Nejd [Najd], the rise and spread of the Wahhabi movement, and the Āl Sa‘ūd family and their relations with their neighbours, including the Āl Rashīd family, the Hashemite rulers of the Hejaz, Oman and the Ottoman Empire, as well as Britain. Further details are given concerning the ruler Imam Abdul Aziz Ibn Abdul Rahman Ibn Faisal Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] and the signing of a treaty between him and Sir Percy Zachariah Cox in 1916.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation for this sequence commences at folio 82, and terminates at folio 82, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between folios 7-153; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.
3. 'File 19/212 I (C 41) Bahrain Transit Trade'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence between various British officials and Shaikh Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa regarding the transshipment of cargo at the port in Bahrain. Specifically, the correspondence discusses Bahrain's right to levy transit dues from Saudi Arabia on cargo transshipped at sea and cargo entering the port at Bahrain (from Saudi Arabia).The agreement that the British had pressured Shaikh Isa bin Ali Al Khalifa to make with Bin Saud in 1920 (regarding transit levies) is discussed in detail as are the attitude and actions of Bin Saud.The file also includes correspondence with the British India Steam Navigation Co. Ltd. and correspondence regarding a ship named the Ahmedithat was barred from entering the port in Bahrain.Physical description: A bound correspondence volume. Foliation is circled in pencil, in the top right corner of each folio. It begins on the first folio after the front cover, on number 1A, and runs through to 271, ending on the inside of the back cover.Anomalies: ff.1A-F; f.23A; f.31A; f.39A; f.44A; f.93A; f.97A; f.137A; 221A; f.230A (stored in an envelope on the reverse of f.230).
4. '1/C III. Miscellaneous.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume comprises telegrams, despatches, correspondence, memoranda, and notes, relating to a large number of miscellaneous topics:The discussion in the volume relates to the following topics:Expulsion of Hafidh Wahba from Bahrain, 1922.Proposals to reduce Gulf establishment, 1922.Rumours of intrigue by Shaikh Khaz'al, 1922.Faisal Al Duwish's raids, 1922.Diving systems in Kuwait and Bahrain, 1923.Difference between `amir' and `wakil', 1923.Channel of correspondence between Home Government and Gulf posts, 1923.Expulsion of Dawasir from Bahrain, 1923.Proposals to charge for lighting and buoying services, 1923.The volume includes an index (folio 4). The principal correspondents in the volume include: the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, Arthur Prescott Trevor; HBM Consul, Khorramshahr; HBM Consul, Mohammerah [Khorramshahr]; HBM Consul and Political Agent, Muscat; Secretariat of HE the High Commissioner for Iraq; Air Headquarters, Baghdad; Civil Embarkation Officer, Karachi; Commanding Officer, Mosul District; General Headquarters (Levies) Baghdad; Director, Royal Indian Marine.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 310; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers; nor does it include the two leading and ending flyleaves.Additional foliation sequences are present in parallel between ff 5-308; these numbers are also written in pencil, but, where circled, are crossed through.
5. '22/16 Mr Philby's Mission to Najd - 1918.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume comprises telegrams, despatches, correspondence, memoranda, and notes relating to the Najd mission to Ibn Sa‘ūd by Harry St John Bridger Philby, Political Officer. Correspondence mainly concerns the dispatch and arrival of supplies for St John Philby: tea, tobacco, film, ammunition and arms, camping equipment, and medical supplies. After some correspondence (folio 64) St John Philby, signs his name and 'Pol Dept' thereafter. St John Philby also requests tents for Ibn Sa‘ūd. After St John Philby's mission is finished, arrangements are made to send his kit to his brother Ralph Montague Philby, Naval Transport Officer, Basra.Correspondence also discusses the dispatch of geological and natural history specimens to the Bombay Natural History Society. The volume includes correspondence in Arabic with Ahmad El Jaber Es Subah and Abdullah en-Nafisi who were helping with the supply operation.Correspondents include: Harry St John Bridger Philby, Political Department, the Political Agent at Kuwait; (Percy Gordon Loch; Daniel Vincent McCallum) Director of Sea Transport, Basrah; Deputy Civil Commissioner, Basrah Wilayet; Officer Commanding, H.T. Kalika.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 269; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 1-267; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
6. 'File 19/165 I (C 18) Bahrain Reforms'
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume contains detailed discussions regarding the proposed British reforms in Bahrain. The documents discuss the attitude of Shaikh Isa bin Ali Al Khalifa towards the reforms and the role of his sons Abdullah bin Isa Al Khalifa and Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa.The oppression of the Shia community by the Al Khalifa family and Bahrain's taxation system are discussed as are the implications of the implementation of the reforms vis a vis British relations with Bin Saud and the Persian Government.The file also contains correspondence between British officials and Shaikh Isa, a petition from the Baharna (Shia) indigenous community of Bahrain and reports regarding Nejdi-Persian violence that occurred in Bahrain in 1923.Physical description: Originally a bound correspondence volume, its sheets have been unbound and are now all loose. Foliation - in pencil on the top right corner of each front-facing page - starts on the first page of text after the index page. There is an inconsistent pencilled system that is crossed out, also on the top right corner of each front-facing page.
7. 'File 19/165 IV (C 57) Bahrain Reforms'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains material regarding a number of topics including the status of Bahrain following the social and economic reforms that were implemented by the British during the preceding years, the geo-strategic rationale behind Britain's interest in maintaining its dominant position in the country, a detailed discussion of the historical development of Britain's relationship with Bahrain (and the history of Al Khalifa rule) and discussion concerning fears that a too dominant British role would provoke Arab fears and push them towards a closer relationship with Bin Saud.A number of other topics are discussed in less detail including ideas for reforming the police force in Bahrain and an idea for the establishment of a civil court in the country.Physical description: A bound correspondence file. The file is foliated with uncircled numbers in the top right-hand corner of each front-facing page.Original numeration 1/123 then continued. Precedent foliations have been crossed out. Original numeration by folio started on first page of text top right hand number until folio 123, then by page 124/140. A third numeration by page starts towards the end of the volume.
8. 'File 19/171 (C 37) Dowasir Tribe'
- Description:
- Abstract: The documents contained in this file are correspondence related to the Dowasir tribe. In 1923, approximately half of the members of the Dowasir, a Sunni tribe who had been resident in Bahrain since 1845, left the island and moved to Dammam on the mainland.The documents in this file discuss the impact of the tribe's departure, Bin Saud's relationship with the tribe, Shaikh Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa's attitude towards the Dowasir and Bin Saud, the Dowasir's desire to return to Bahrain, discussions regarding whether the tribe should be allowed to return and whether any compensation should be paid to its members.The nature of the British role in Bahrain and the Poltical Agent's relationship with Shaikh Hamad are also discussed.Physical description: Previously a bound volume, its sheets have been unbound and are now loose. Foliation starts on first page of text (1b) top right hand number. Ends on last page in volume.
9. File 22/23 III Kuwait Conference
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume comprises telegrams, despatches, correspondence, memoranda, and notes, relating to the 1923-24 Kuwait Conference to arbitrate the Najd-Transjordan and Najd-Hijaz boundaries. Includes the following:resumption of Conference in absence of Iraqi delegates following Ikhwan raid;breakdown and end of Conference;copy of text of Najdi `Green Book' on Kuwait Conference consisting mainly of extracts from the proceedings of the conference and copies of official correspondence.Included in the volume is an index to the proceedings (folio 99). The principal correspondents in the volume include: the Secretary of State for Colonies, London; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, Stuart George Knox; the High Commissioner, Baghdad; the High Commissioner, Jerusalem; the Political Agent, Kuwait; the Political Agent, Bahrain.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 100; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 1-99; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.