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1. ‘Persian Gulf – Affairs of – Vol: 22’
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, consultations, and minutes cited in, or enclosed with, political letters from the Government of Bombay. These political letters appear in IOR/F/4/2203/108134. The correspondent is Major Samuel Hennell, British Political Resident in the Persian Gulf. It is the twenty-second in a series of thirty items.The item concerns:The decision of the Amaeer tribe [al-‘Amāyir] to place themselves under the authority of Ameer Fysul [Amīr Fayṣal bin Turkī bin ‘Abdullāh Āl Sa‘ūd, Emir of Najd] instead of Bahrein [Bahrain]A request by Esai bin Tareef, Shaik of Bidda [‘Īsá bin Ḥamad bin Ṭarīf Āl Bin ‘Alī al-‘Utbī, Shaikh of al-Bid’] that Hennell return two boats to his subjects, which had been captured by Commander John Croft Hawkins, Senior Naval Officer in the Persian Gulf, off Asseloo [Bandar-e Asaluyeh] in reparation for ‘piratical’ actions of the people of Asseloo.The item contains a contents page, and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Draft 700/47, Collection No 18 of No 49’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 756, and terminates at f 759 as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
2. ‘Persian Gulf - Nedjd - Invasion of - by Sheik Khaled.’
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence and consultations cited in, or enclosed with, letters from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai] to the East India Company Court of Directors.The item concerns two military campaigns conducted by Egyptian forces in the Arabian Peninsula. The first campaign is in Nedgd [Najd], is led by Sheikh Khaled bin Saud [Shaikh Khālid bin Sa'ūd Āl Sa'ūd], and aims at conquering the territories of Sheik Fysul ben Toorkee [Amīr Fayṣal bin Turkī bin 'Abdullāh Āl Sa'ūd], the Wahabee [Wahhabi] chief [Emir of Najd]. Reports on the progress of this campaign are provided by local sources in the Gulf, in particular by Mirza Mahamed Ally [Mīrzā Muḥammad 'Alī], the Native Agent at Bahrein [Bahrain], and the possible implications for the eastern Arabian coast are discussed.The second campaign, led by Abrahim Pacha [Ibrahim Pasha Kavali] is focused in the southwest of the Arabian Peninsula. The item contains: reports of the Egyptian conquest of Tauz [Taizz, also referred to as Taas in the item]; the plans of the Imaum of Senna [Imam of Sana’a] with support from the Aseer [Asir] tribe, to launch counter attacks on Tauz and Mocha; the conditions in Mocha; and the suggestion to keep HMS Euphratesstationed in the Red Sea to protect British property and trade in Mocha.The primary correspondents are: Captain Samuel Hennell, Officiating Resident in the Persian Gulf; John Pollard Willoughby, Secretary to Government, Bombay; Mirza Mahamed Ally; and Rear Admiral Sir Charles Malcolm, Superintendent of the Indian Navy.The item contains a table of contents (f 526), and the title page (f 525) contains the following references: ‘P C [Previous Communication] 2196, No. 10, Draft 573-1838, Collection No. 10 of No. 32’ and ‘Examiner’s Office’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 525 and terminates at f 562, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains an original pagination sequence.
3. ‘Persian Gulf – Affairs – Vol: 2’
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, consultations, memoranda, resolutions, and minutes cited in, or enclosed with, political letters from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai]. The main correspondents are: the Government of Bombay; Captain Samuel Hennell, British Resident in the Persian Gulf; Lieutenant Arnold Burrowes Kemball, Assistant Resident in the Persian Gulf; and Commodore John Croft Hawkins, Commander of the Persian Gulf Squadron. It is the second in a series of fifteen items on the Persian Gulf (the others are IOR/F/4/2131/101199, IOR/F/4/2131/101201, IOR/F/4/2131/101202, IOR/F/4/2131/101203, IOR/F/4/2131/101204, IOR/F/4/2131/101205, IOR/F/4/2131/101206, IOR/F/4/2131/101207, IOR/F/4/2131/101208, IOR/F/4/2131/101209, IOR/F/4/2131/101210, IOR/F/4/2131/101211, IOR/F/4/2131/101212 and IOR/F/4/2131/101213).The item concerns:The actions of Hummud bin Mujedel [Ḥamad bin Majdal], chief of Amaeer [al-‘Amāyir] Tribe, who attacked a boat from Karrack [Jazireh-ye Khark] laden with wheat near Kateef [Qatif]The subsequent British naval expedition to the island of Genna [Jazirat Jana] to exact reparations from Hummud bin Mujedel, and Hummud’s justification for his actions and alliance with Shaik Mahomed bin Khuleefa [Shaikh Muḥammed bin Khalīfah Āl Khalīfah, Shaikh of Bahrain]The Wahabee [Wahhābi] invasion, led by Saaed bin Mootluck [Sa‘d bin Muṭlaq], of Mugees, also spelt Mukees [Majīs], and Wahabee threats against Sohar [Suhar]Tribute paid by Syed Hamood bin Azan [Sayyid Ḥammūd bin ‘Azzān al-Bū Sa‘īdī,], Chief of Sohar, and the Imaum [Imam] of Muscat, [Sayyid Sa‘īd bin Sulṭān Āl Bū Sa‘īd], to Saad bin MootlukThe plunder of fugitives from MugeesRelations between the Wahabees and the other shaikhs of the GulfInstructions to the ships Pilot, Coote, Tigris, and ConstanceAlleged seizure and restoration of a vessel of the Beniyas [Banī Yās] by the Chaab [Banū Ka‘ab]The claims of Aga Mahomed Tuckee bin Hajee Ali Ukbar Ali [Āghā Muḥammad Taqī bin Ḥājjī ‘Alī Akbar ‘Alī], a Persian merchant residing in Bombay, to be considered a British subject, and his ship the ActressThe question of British subjects being obliged to pay duty to export live animals from PersiaThe change of governors of Bushire [Bushehr].The item contains a contents page, and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Draft 252/46, P.C. [Previous Communication] 5171, Collection No 1 of No 90’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 478, and terminates at f 582, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains an original pagination sequence.
4. ‘Persian Gulf. Hostilities between the chief of Aboothabee and the chief of Rasel Khyma. – Vol: 42’
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, minutes, and consultations cited in, or enclosed with, political letters from the Government of Bombay. These political letters appear in IOR/F/4/2302/118727. The correspondents are: the Government of Bombay; Major Samuel Hennell, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the Government of India; Commander Thomas Grere Carless, commanding the Persian Gulf Squadron, and Lieutenant James Rennie. It is the forty-second in a series of fifty-one items on the Persian Gulf.The item concerns:Intelligence that neither the shaikh of Russel Khyma [Shaikh Sulṭān I bin Ṣaqr al-Qāsimī of Ra’s al-Khaymah] nor the shaikh of Debaye [Shaikh Maktūm I bin Buṭṭī Āl Bū Falāsah of Dubai] will convey troops belonging to Fyzul ben Toorkee [Amīr Fayṣal bin Turkī bin ‘Abdullāh Āl Sa‘ūd] from El Katif [Qatif] to the coast of Oman by seaThe possibility that Fyzul ben Toorkee will march his troops overland from Lassa [Al Hasa] to join a coalition against Saeed bin Tahnoon at Brymee [Al Buraymi].The item contains a contents page and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Collection No 4 of No 4’, ‘Coll[ection]: 17’ and ‘Draft no 465 of 49’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 645, and terminates at f 651, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
5. ‘Persian Gulf. Bahrein – affairs of.’
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, minutes, and consultations cited in, or enclosed with, political letters from the Government of Bombay. These political letters appear in IOR/F/4/2174/105546. It is the thirty-third in a series of forty-five items on the Persian Gulf.The correspondents are: the Government of Bombay; Major Samuel Hennell, Resident in the Persian Gulf; Hajee Jassim [Ḥājjī Jāsim], British Agent at Bahrein [Bahrain]; and Shaik Mahomed bin Khuleefa [Shaikh Muḥammad bin Khalīfah Āl Khalīfah], Chief [Ruler] of Bahrein.The item concerns affairs in Bahrein, and in particular:The blockading of Kateef [Al-Qatif] by the Amaeer [al-‘Amāyir] tribe, who are supported by Shaik Mahomed bin KhuleefaThe communications received by Shaik Mahomed bin Khuleefa from Ameer Fysul [Amīr Fayṣal bin Turkī bin ‘Abdullāh Āl Sa‘ūd] the Wahabee [Wahhābī] Chief (also referred to in the item as the Ruler of Nedgd [Najd]).The item contains a table of contents (f 604), and the title page (f 603) contains the following references: ‘P C [Previous Communication] 5507, Coll. 7, Vol. 33’, ‘D/t 197/47’, ‘Collection No. 2 of No. 119’ and ‘Examiner’s Office’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 603 and terminates at f 611, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
6. ‘Persian Gulf. Bahrein. Visit of the special Agent from the Sheik of steps taken to levy a fine on certain places on the Gutter Coast – Vol: 7’
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, consultations, and minutes cited in, or enclosed with, a political letter from the Government of Bombay, which appears in IOR/F/4/2445/134344. The main correspondents are: the Government of Bombay; Lieutenant-Colonel Samuel Hennell, Political Agent in the Persian Gulf; Commander John Porter, Senior Naval Officer in the Persian Gulf; and Lieutenant Frederick Erskine Manners, commanding the East India Company brigantine Tigris. It is the seventh in a series of twenty-one items on events in the Persian Gulf.The item concerns:The movement of people from Wukrah [Al Wakrah] and Fowarit [Fuwairit] to Bahrein [Bahrain] and El Biddah [al-Bid’] on the orders of Mahomed bin Khuleefa [Shaikh Muḥammad bin Khalīfah Āl Khalīfah of Bahrain]Mahomed bin Khuleefa’s decision to pay the fine the British were imposing on Doah [Doha], Wukrah, and Fowarit because of the ‘piracy’ of Soheil bin Ateish [Suhayl bin ‘Uṭaysh]Plans to seize Soheil bin AteishVisits of British ships to the Guttur [Qatar] Coast and El Adeed [Khawr al ‘Udayd]British surveys of the harbour of El Biddah and the shoals outsideThe movements of Ameer Fysul [Amīr Fayṣal bin Turkī bin ‘Abdullāh Āl Sa‘ūd, ruler of the Second Saudi State].The item contains a contents page and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Draft N 34 – 1852’, and ‘Collection No 32’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 176, and terminates at f 197, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
7. ‘Persian Gulf. Intelligence regarding the intention of the Wahabee Ruler to visit Lahsah ostensibly to establish his authority over certain Bedouin Tribes – reported’
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, minutes, and consultations cited in, or enclosed with, political letters from the Government of Bombay. The correspondents are: the Government of Bombay; Captain Arnold Burrowes Kemball, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; and Hajee Jassem [Ḥājjī Jāsim], British Agent at Bahrein [Bahrain]. It is the first in a series of three items about the Persian Gulf.The item concerns:A visit by Ameer Fysul [Amīr Fayṣal bin Turkī bin ‘Abdullāh Āl Sa‘ūd] to Lahsah [Al Hasa]A rumoured expedition by Abdullah ben Fysul [‘Abdullāh bin Fayṣal], son of Ameer Fysul, to OmanPayment of zikat [zakat] by Mahomed ben Khuleefa [Shaikh Muḥammad bin Khalīfah Āl Khalīfah of Bahrain].The item contains a contents page and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Draft No 350-1853’, ‘Collection No. 1 of No. 16 of 1853’, and ‘Supplementary Volume 1’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 4, and terminates at f 7, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
8. ‘State of affairs between the Chief of Bahrein and Ameer Fysul the Wahabee Ruler’
- Description:
- Abstract: Enclosure nos. 2-6 to a despatch from the Secret Department, Government of Bombay [Mumbai], dated 3 January 1852. The enclosures are dated 22 October 1851-3 January 1852.The enclosures consist of copies of correspondence relating to a claim by Ameer Fysul of Nedjd [Fayṣal bin Turkī bin ‘Abdullāh Āl Sa‘ūd, Emir of Najd] to sovereignty over Bahrein [Bahrain], and efforts to maintain peace between the two countries.The primary correspondents are Ameer Fysul, the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, and the Government of India.Physical description: 1 item (10 folios)
9. ‘Letters outward’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains copies of letters, many with copies of their enclosures, sent by the Resident in the Persian Gulf, Captain Samuel Hennell, to Charles Norris, Chief Secretary to the Government in Bombay. The letters deal with a range of subjects, as follows:The extent of the slave trade between Mauritius and Muscat, and in the Persian Gulf in general (folios 1-5);Relations between the various rulers on the Arab coast and Oman, including a siege led by the Imam of Muscat’s forces against the town of Sohar, the failure of the siege and renewal of peaceful relations between Muscat and Sohar (folios 10-13, 30-33, 38-43); hostilities and subsequent peaceful relations between Shaikh Sultan ben Suggar [Sultan bin Saqr] of Ras el Khymah [Ra’s al-Khaymah] and Shaikh Tahnoon ben Shakboot [Tahnun bin Shakbut] of Aboothabee [Abu Dhabi] (folios 44-45, 48-52), relations between the Joasmee [Āl Qāsimī] Shaikhs and the ruler of Sohar, Humood bin Azan (folios 64-65). Many of these letters enclose translated reports from the British Agent at Sharjah, Moolla Hussain, and the translations of letters from Shaikh Sultan bin Saqr, Shaikh Tahnun bin Shakbut and others;Reports on the ambitions of the Wahabee [Wahhābī] ruler Toorky bin Saood [Turki bin ‘Abdullāh bin Muḥammad Āl Sa‘ūd], and in particular to his demands on and relations with Bahrain (spelt Bahrein throughout), his desire to be on good terms with the British Government, and his diplomatic overtures to the Arab Shaikhs (folios 6-9, 16-20, 46-47, 53-56);Report of the proceedings of the Brig of War Euphratesduring February 1831, signed by Acting Commander Denton. The report lists its orders received shown alongside actions taken, in left- and right-hand columns (folios 14-15);The dispatch to Bombay of tobacco seeds, with instructions for their propagation (folios 26-29);The dispatch to Bombay of silkworm eggs, with a description of how silkworms are raised in Persia (folios 60-61);The establishment of the first lithographic press in Shiraz (folios 62-63).As a result of the volume having been significantly weeded in the past, there are multiple instances of truncated letters throughout the volume, most of which are identifiable by them having been crossed out in blue and occasionally red pencil.Physical description: Foliation: The volume is foliated from the first page of text to the last blank page at the end of the volume, using small pencil numbers positioned in the top-right corner of each recto. There is an unfoliated flyleaf before f.1 at the front of the volume. The front and back covers are unfoliated. Foliation anomalies: f.36 precedes f.35.Pagination: An original system of pagination runs through the volume, from the first to last page of text, using ink numbers in the top-left corner of versos and top-right corner of rectos. This pagination runs from p.23 to p.487 which numerous disruptions throughout, which are a result of past weeding of the volume.
10. 'Letters inward'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains letters from the Government of Bombay to the Residency in the Persian Gulf at Bushire. Correspondents include Charles Norris, Chief Secretary to the Government of Bombay, and William Henry Wathen, Secretary to the Government of Bombay. The recipients are David Anderson Blane, Resident in the Persian Gulf, Bushire, and Samuel Hennell, Acting Resident in the Persian Gulf, Bushire. Subjects include: the role of the British Government in disputes between the Imam of Muscat and his neighbours; the condition of buildings at Bassidore [Bāsa‘īdū] Station and its advantages as a port; the death of the Wahhabi Chief Turki ibn Saud [Turkī bin ‘Abdullāh Āl Sa‘ūd]; and the weak condition of the Gulf Squadron.Physical description: Pagination: There is an inconsistent pagination sequence, which is written in ink in the top right corner of each recto and in the top left corner of each verso. The sequence runs from 25 to 131, but there are a few gaps. Foliation: The foliation sequence is written in pencil, in the top right corner of the recto of each folio. It begins on the first folio of writing, on number 1, and ends on the last folio of writing, on number 19.
11. 'Affairs of the Persian Gulf'
- Description:
- Abstract: Enclosures nos. 2-106 to dispatch no. 107 from the Secret Department, Bombay Castle, dated 31 December 1841. The enclosures are dated 9 March-31 December 1841.The enclosures consist of copies of correspondence relating to affairs in the Persian Gulf, including:A proposed extension to a British-enforced Maritime Truce between the Gulf chiefs by between two and five years, and a complaint from Shaik Sultan been Suggar [Sultan bin Saqr] of the Joasmee [Al-Qasimi] that the truce hampers his ability to retaliate against land attacks from Shaik Kaleefa bin Shakhboot [Khalifa bin Shakhbut Al Nahyan] of Aboothebee [Abu Dhabi]Alleged acts of piracy in the GulfA tour of Gulf ports by HMS EndymionA disagreement with Shaikh Nasir, Governor of Bushire, over a customs payment and his ensuing refusal to allow the Senior Naval Officer in the Persian Gulf to land at Bushire [Bushehr]A shipwreck on the Island of Karrack [Kharg] of a boat carrying the widow and two sons of the late Firman Firma [Husayn Ali Mirza Farmanfarma, Prince-Governor of Fars]A proposed survey of the Karoon [Karun] riverThe intention of Ameer Khaled [Khalid ibn Saud ibn Abd al Aziz, Emir of Nejd] to invade Oman, the despatch of a British officer to dissuade him, and a proposal to supply arms to chiefs willing to resist his advanceThe temporary retirement of Captain Samuel Hennell as Political Resident in the Persian Gulf because of ill health and appointment of an Acting ResidentA commercial treaty between Persia [Iran] and the UK and the effects of the agreement, including the return of a British Ambassador to Tehran and the withdrawal of the Political Residency from KarrackArrangements for withdrawing from Karrack and considerations of the effect the withdrawal will have on the island’s residentsDiscussions of the need for a permanent Assistant Resident position.The primary correspondents are: the Political Resident; the Government of India; the Senior Naval Officer; and HM Ambassador, Tehran.The item contains a single enclosure in French, a letter from the Russian Ambassador in Tehran.Physical description: 1 item (309 folios)
12. ‘Affairs of the Persian Gulf. Vol:I’
- Description:
- Abstract: The item consists of copies and extracts of correspondence, minutes and resolutions cited in, or enclosed with, letters from the Government of Bombay and the East India Company Court of Directors. It is the first in a series of three items on general affairs in the Persian Gulf (the others are: IOR/F/4/1435/56727 and IOR/F/4/1436/56728).The item is chiefly concerned with general updates of events in the Gulf over the period 1831-1833. In particular, the item relates to:The conflict between Hussein Ali Mirza [Ḥusayn ‘Alī Mirzā Farmānfarmā], Prince of Shiraz (also referred to as the Prince of Fars), and Abbas Mirza [‘Abbās Mīrzā Qājār], Crown Prince of PersiaUpheaval at Bushire [Būshehr] following the death of the governor, Shaik Abdool Russool [‘Abd al-Rasūl Khān Āl Mazkūr]The struggle for power at Bushire between: Shaik Nasser [Nāṣir II Āl Mazkūr], son of Abdool Russool; and Reza Kooli Mirza [Reza Qulī Mīrzā Farmānfarmā], son of Hussein Ali MirzaThe rebellion against the Imaum [Imam] of Muscat by his relatives: Hamed bin Azan of Sohar [Ḥamūd bin Azan Āl Bū Sa‘īd, Shaikh of Ṣuḥār]; and Sued Hillal of Sowack [Sayyid Hilāl bin Muḥammad Āl Bū Sa‘īd, Shaikh of As Suwayq]The unsettled nature of affairs in Oman due to: the above-mentioned rebellion; the Imaum’s frequent absences; and the rise of the Wahabees [Wahabi, tribe]Designs on the Imaum’s territories of Debba [Dibba] and Khor Fikan [Khawr Fakkān] by Sooltan bin Suggur [Sulṭān I bin Ṣaqr al-Qāsimī, Ruler of Ra’s al Khaymah and Sharjah]The Government of Bombay’s concerns about the weakened position of the Imaum and its intervention in Muscat during his expedition to Zanzibar in 1832Acts of ‘piracy’ and disruption to the trade at Muscat and Sohar caused by Rashid bin Humeed [Rashid I bin Ḥumaid al-Nu‘aymī, Shaikh of Ajman]Arrangements made by the Superintendent of the Indian Navy to ensure that there is a sufficient number of vessels in the Gulf.The item also includes minor and general discussions of issues in the Gulf, such as: reported acts of ‘piracy’; relations between the different chieftains; activities of the Wahabees; and the claim for payment by the Shaik of Kishm [Qeshm] for helping the merchant vessel Prinsep.The principal correspondents are: the Government of Bombay; David Anderson Blane, Resident in the Persian Gulf; and Lieutenant Samuel Hennell, Assistant to the Resident in the Persian Gulf. Other correspondents include: the Court of Directors; the Government of Bengal; the Superintendent of the Indian Navy; Native Agents at Shiraz, Muscat, Sharga [Sharjah], and Bahrein [Bahrain]; and the Persian Secretary to the Government of Bombay.The title page of the item contains the following references: 'Bombay Political Department’, ‘P.C. [Previous Communication] 1339, Draft 435, 1834' and 'Examiner's Office'.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 96, and terminates at f 370, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
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