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1. '1/C Volume IV Miscellaneous'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume comprises telegrams, despatches, correspondence, memoranda, and notes, relating to a variety of miscellaneous topics in the period December 1923 to July 1924.The principal topics discussed are:A proposal to replace the Iraq Post Office in Kuwait, 1924.Purchase of land in Iraq by Kuwait subjects, 1924.The visit of Naif Al Hithlain, 1924.`Ajman and Mutair raid, 1924.Internal Kuwait situation, 1924.Ikhwan movements, 1924.RAF flights Baghdad-Bahrain-Kuwait, 1924.The volume contains an index (folio 4) which lists items including: American Mission; Armenian Woman; Clerical Establishment; Embezzlement and Fraud, Prevention of; Germans not allowed in Kuwait; 'Government Telegraph Code'; Hijaz steamers; Hospital Bum; Ibn Sa'ud; Index to Summaries of Intelligence; Khuwair (also referred to as Khor az-Zubair) [Khawr az Zubayr] Postal Service; King Husain proclaimed Khalifah at Basrah; Naval Reporting; Pearling Loans; 'Persian Gulf Pilot'; Petrol; Presents; Publications; Purchase of land in Iraq by Kuwait subjects; Rifles, Storage of; Slave Trade; Smuggling.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 307; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers; nor does it include the five leading and ending flyleaves.Additional foliation sequences are present in parallel between ff 5-307; these numbers are also written in pencil but, where circled, are crossed through.
2. ‘ABSTRACT OF LETTERS FROM INDIA 1862.’
- Description:
- Abstract: Confidential printed abstracts of letters received by the India Office from the Government of India, and from senior officials in certain areas outside India, during the year 1862. The letters are dated 3 January 1862-31 December 1862. The abstracts are numbered 1-140 and each have one of the following titles:Abstract of Letters Received from IndiaAbstract of Secret Letters Received from IndiaAbstract of Military Letters Received from IndiaAbstract of Letters Received from the Resident at AdenAbstract of Secret Letters Received from the Resident at Aden.Each abstract contains summaries of one or more letters from the specified source, each with a title giving the subject of the letter. Letters from India are divided within each abstract by the branch or department of the Government of India they originated from. The correspondence included in the volume concerns events in British India, the Persian Gulf, and Aden and the coast of East Africa, including:Revenue and expenditureCommunications, such as postal services and telegraph linesPublic works, including railways and roads, canals and river navigation, ports, irrigation, and forestryLand issues, including taxation, surveys, the use and sale of land, and disputes over the payment of rentsThe affairs of the Princely States, including internal administration and succession, and other dynastic affairs of local rulersInternal affairs, including the reorganisation of police forces and the establishment of High CourtsMilitary affairs, including the recruitment and disbandment of military units, organisation and supply, the reduction of military expenditure, military reform, and the command of military units, and also the fortifications and harbour defences at Bombay [Mumbai]The production of crops, such as indigo, cotton and opiumThe pay and pensions of civil and military personnel in IndiaEmigration from India to British and French coloniesThe 'suppression' of suttee [sati] in IndiaThe construction of a telegraph line in the Persian Gulf as part of a line between England and India, particularly along the Mekran [Makran] Coast in Persia [Iran]French activity in the Indian Ocean, including at Aden, the Red Sea, and MadagascarAffairs in Aden, including a dispute concerning a debt owed to the Foudtheli [Faḍlī] ruler, Sultan Ahmed [Aḥmad bin ‘Abdullāh al-Faḍlī], and proposals for the improvement of defences at AdenAffairs in Afghanistan, including the operations of the Ameer of Cabul [Kabul], Dost Mahomed [Dūst Muḥammad Khān Bārakzāy, Amīr of Afghanistan] against HeratAffairs in Burmah [Burma or Myanmar], including proposals for the establishment of a British Chief CommissionershipAffairs in East Africa, including the trade in enslaved people at Zanzibar, and the 'massacre' of European sailors by Somalies [Somalis]Affairs in the Gulf, including: the intention of the Ruler of Bahrein, Sheikh Mahomed Bin Khaleefa [Hakim of Bahrain, Shaikh Muḥammad bin Khalīfah Āl Khalīfah] to declare war against the Wahabees [Wahhābīs] due to a dispute with the ruler of Demaun [Damman], Mahomed Bin Abdoollah [Muḥammad bin ‘Abdullāh]; and a revolt of the Beni Sâd [Āl Sa‘d] against the Sultan of Muscat, Seyed Thoweynee [Sayyid Thuwaynī bin Sa‘īd Āl Bū Sa‘īd]Affairs on the Northeast Frontier of India, including the military campaign against a ‘disturbance’ in the Cossyah [Khasi] and Jynteah [Jaintia] Hills, and the threat of an attack upon Darjeeling by Bhotan [Bhutan].The primary correspondents are:The Government of India (Education, Electric, Financial, Foreign, General, Home, Judicial, Legislative, Marine, Political, Public Works, Railway, Revenue and Telegraph departments)The Governor-General of IndiaThe Political Resident, AdenThe Political Agent, Zanzibar.The abstracts were printed and bound in London, and each one includes the following colophon: ‘LONDON: Printed by GEORGE E. EYRE and WILLIAM SPOTTISWOODE, Printers to the Queen’s most Excellent Majesty. For Her Majesty’s Stationery Office.’Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 374; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains three original pagination sequences between ff 4-6, ff 10-358, and ff 359-371.
3. 'ABSTRACT OF LETTERS FROM INDIA 1865'
- Description:
- Abstract: Confidential printed abstracts of letters received by the India Office from the Government of India, and from senior officials in certain areas outside India, during the year 1865. The letters are dated December 1864-December 1865. The abstracts each have one of the following titles:Abstracts of Letters received from IndiaAbstracts of Secret Letters received from IndiaAbstracts of Military Letters received from IndiaAbstracts of Letters received from the Resident at Aden/Political Resident at AdenAbstracts of Secret Letters received from the Resident at Aden/Political Resident at AdenAbstracts of Letters received from the Political Resident at ZanzibarAbstracts of Letters received from the Governor of the Straits Settlements.Each abstract contains summaries of one or more letters from the specified source, each with a title giving the subject of the letter. Letters from India are divided within each abstract by the branch or department of the Government of India they originated from. The correspondence covers issues including:Land issues, including: issues of land tenure and tenant rights; land settlement operations; forestry; mining; the sale of ‘waste lands’; and plantations of cash crops including cotton and teaPay, pensions, recruitment, and other personnel issues in the Indian Civil and Military establishmentsPublic works, including railways, roads, reservoirs, land reclamation, canals, harbours and harbour defences, hospitals, prisons, and barracksRevenue and expenditureIssues concerning Princely States, including land cessions for railways; issues of succession; pensions; and an attempted plot against the Gaekwar Maharaja of Guzerat [Gujarat]Military operations, in particular an attack on Bootan [Bhutan] leading to the occupation of the Dooars [Duars, mountain passes]; and also operations against Munneepooree [Manipuri] insurgents at Luckeepore [Lakhipur] and ‘outlaws’ in Kattywar [Kathiawar]Other military affairs, including claims of military units for rewards for service during the ‘Mutiny’ [Indian Uprising of 1857]; the health of troops; and the movement, organisation, supply, and reduction of military unitsThe Indo-European Telegraph linking India to Britain via Persia [Iran] and the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman, in particular breakages and repairs of telegraph linesPostal services between India and the Persian GulfEducationBankingJudicial affairsFood shortagesEmigration from India to French colonies and St Croix [Danish West Indies]Frontier affairs, including the closure of the Kohat Pass following conflict among the Afreedees [Afrīdī tribe]Civil conflict in Afghanistan [also spelled Affghanistan], including the flight of chiefs from Cabul [Kabul] to India and the question of British policy towards refugee chiefsThe activities of rival colonial powers, including French activity in East Africa, the Comoro Islands [Comoros], and the Gulf of Siam; proposed exchanges of territory in India with France; and Russian activity in Bokhara [Bukhara]Affairs in Burmah [Burma/Myanmar], including the settlement of the border with Siam [Thailand] in Tenasserim [Tanintharyi] and exploration of the Salween riverAffairs in and around Aden Settlement, including: relations with neighbouring states, in particular the Foodlee [Faḍlī Sultanate] and Lahej [Laḥij Sultanate]; the security of roads leading to Aden and the proposed creation of a mounted police force; the garrison and defences of Aden; a cholera outbreak and shortage of grainConflict between the Sultan of Muscat [Thwaynī bin Sa’īd Āl Bū Saʿīd] and the Wahabees [Waḥḥabī movement], and the question of maintaining a British naval force in the Persian GulfAffairs in East Africa, including the slave trade in Zanzibar and the Red Sea and the imprisonment of British and other nationals by Emperor Theodorus [Tewodros II] of Abyssinia [Ethiopia]Affairs in and around the Straits Settlements, including attacks on British subjects in Perak and Panai.The primary correspondents are:The Viceroy and Governor-General of IndiaThe Government of IndiaThe Resident in AdenThe Resident in Zanzibar.The abstracts were printed and bound in London, and each one includes the following colophon: ‘LONDON: Printed by GEORGE E. EYRE and WILLIAM SPOTTISWOODE, Printers to the Queen’s most Excellent Majesty. For Her Majesty’s Stationery Office.’Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 458; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back coversPagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
4. 'ABSTRACT OF LETTERS FROM INDIA 1867'
- Description:
- Abstract: Confidential printed abstracts of letters received by the India Office from the Government of India, and from senior officials in certain areas outside India, during the year 1867. The letters are dated November 1866-December 1867. The abstracts each have one of the following titles:Abstracts of Letters received from IndiaAbstracts of Military Letters received from IndiaAbstracts of Secret Letters received from IndiaAbstracts of Secret Letters receivedAbstracts of Secret Letters received from the Resident at AdenAbstracts of Letters received from Colonel Merewether, Commanding Abyssinian Reconnoitering Force.Each abstract contains summaries of one or more letters from the specified source, each with a title giving the subject of the letter. Letters from India are divided within each abstract by the branch or department of the Government of India they originated from. The correspondence covers issues including:Famine in Madras and Bengal Provinces, in particular Orissa [Odisha], and a subsequent enquiry into the handling of the Orissa famine by British officialsPublic works, including railways, irrigation, roads, docks, lighthouses, navigational locks, and land reclamationPay, pensions, recruitment, and other personnel issues in the Indian Civil and Military establishments, including the employment of ‘Natives’ in the Civil administrationIssues concerning Princely States, including: issues of succession; pensions; local administration; land claims; extradition treaties; debts; subsidies for railway passage; an attempt to overthrow the Rajah of Munnipore [Manipur] [Raja Chandrakirti Singh] by exiled Munnipooree [Manipuri] revolutionaries; the disarming of the Maharaja Scindia’s forces; and the proposed deposition of the Nawab of Tonk [Nawāb Muḥammad ‘Alī Khān]Issues concerning the Indo-European Telegraph, including negotiations with the Governments of Persia [Iran] and Bagdad [Baghdad] for overland telegraph routesLand issues, including: plantations of cash crops such as cotton, cinchona, and tea; the sale of ‘waste lands’; forestry; land revenue settlements; and tenant rightsRevenue and expenditure, with tables for the financial years 1865-66 and 1866-67 and estimates for the financial year 1867-68Judicial affairsEducationFinanceIssues concerning emigration from India to French coloniesMilitary affairs, including: the supply, transport, and accommodation of troops; sanitation; proposed deployments of Indian troops in the Straits Settlements and China; the deployment of a local counterinsurgency force in Kattywar [Kathiawar]; and claims of military units on ‘prize money’ [property looted by British forces] consequent to service in the ‘Mutiny’ [Indian Uprising of 1857]The murder of British ships’ crews on the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and proposed retaliatory expeditionsFrontier affairs, including: a campaign against the Hussun Kheyl Afreedies [Ḥassan Khel clan of the Afrīdī tribe] on the Northwest Frontier; raids and fortifications on the frontiers of Punjab and Sind [Sindh]; and frontier policy in Beloochistan [Baluchistan]Civil conflict in Affghanistan [Afghanistan] between the Ameer Shere Ali [Amīr Shīr ‘Alī Khān] and Mahomed Ufzal Khan [Amīr Muḥammad Afẓal Khān], and suspected Persian designs on the countryAffairs in the Persian Gulf, including the seizure of a ship from Bahrein [Bahrain] by Colonel Lewis Pelly, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, and subsequent protest from Persia; the presence of Turkish [Ottoman] warships in the Gulf; proposed deployments of ships to combat the slave trade; the relations of the Chief [Shaikh] of Bahrein with the Wahabee [Wahhābī movement]; and complaints from the British India Steam Navigation Company concerning trade embargoes on some products by Persian authoritiesAffairs in the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman, in particular attempts by Syud Toorkee [Sayyid Turkī bin Sa’īd Āl Bū Sa’īd] to capture MuscatAffairs in and around Aden Settlement, including conflict with the Foodlee [Faḍlī Sultanate] and Turkish [Ottoman] attempts to make Mukalla and Shehur [Ash Shihr] tributaryAffairs in Zanzibar, including slavery, the construction of a new capital in Dhar Salaam [Dar es Salam] by the Sultan, and reports of the death of the missionary Dr David LivingstoneThe imprisonment of British and other nationals by Emperor Theodorus [Tewodros II] of Abyssinia [Ethiopia] in the context of civil conflict in the country, and preparations for a British expedition to Abyssinia. Includes reports from an advance mission by Colonel William Mereweather, Commanding Officer of the Abyssinia Reconnoitering Force, to identify an invasion route for the expeditionAffairs in Burmah [Myanmar/Burma], including trade relations and customs duties, civil unrest in and around Mandalay and the flight of Burmese princes to India; proposed roads or railways to China; and a Burmese mission to France to conclude commercial agreements and acquire weaponsThe annexation of three districts of Cochin China [Vietnam] by FranceAffairs in Central Asia, in particular the Russian advance; a request from the Ameer [Amir] of Bokhara [Bukhara] for British support against Russia; and insecurity in Eastern Toorkistan [Xinjiang] following the capture of Khotan [Hotan] by Kokandee [Kokandi] raidersThe primary correspondents are:The Government of IndiaThe Government of BengalThe Government of MadrasThe Government of BombayThe Viceroy and Governor-General of IndiaThe Resident in AdenThe Political Agent in ZanzibarColonel William Mereweather, Commanding Officer of the Abyssinia Reconnoitering Force.The abstracts were printed and bound in London, and each one includes the following colophon: ‘LONDON: Printed by GEORGE E. EYRE and WILLIAM SPOTTISWOODE, Printers to the Queen’s most Excellent Majesty. For Her Majesty’s Stationery Office.’Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 338; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers.Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
5. 'ABSTRACT OF LETTERS FROM INDIA 1870'
- Description:
- Abstract: Confidential printed abstracts of letters received by the India Office from the Government of India, and from senior officials in certain areas outside India, during the year 1870. The letters are dated December 1869-December 1870. The abstracts each have one of the following titles:Abstracts of Secret Letters received from IndiaAbstracts of Letters received from IndiaAbstracts of Military Letters received from IndiaAbstracts of Letters received from Zanzibar and MuscatAbstracts of Letters received from AdenAbstracts of Letters received from MuscatAbstracts of Letters received from Bushire [Bushehr]Abstracts of Letters received from Aden and ZanzibarAbstracts of Letters received from Bushire and AdenAbstracts of Letters received from Zanzibar and Aden.Each abstract contains summaries of one or more letters from the specified source, each with a title giving the subject of the letter. Letters from India are divided within each abstract by the branch or department of the Government of India they originated from. The correspondence covers issues including:Pay, pensions, recruitment, and other personnel issues in the Indian Civil and Military establishmentsPublic works, including: railways, including a proposed railway from the Mediterranean to the Persian Gulf; roads; canals; irrigation; docks; and river embankmentsRevenue, expenditure, and taxationLand issues, including: the cultivation of cotton, cinchona, and silk; forestry; and coal miningEducationBankingTelegraphy, including international telegraphic links to IndiaAffairs concerning Princely States, including internal administration, debts, allowances, issues of succession, investment in railways, and territorial claimsIssues around emigration from India to British and French coloniesLegislative and judicial affairs, including the question of jurisdiction over British subjects in the Persian GulfMilitary affairs, including the organisation and supply of military units and a proposed naval force for the Indian seas and the Persian GulfFrontier affairs: relations with tribes on the Northwest and Northeast Frontiers and frontier raidsAffairs in Persia [Iran], including: Persian claims to sovereignty over Bahrein [Bahrain] and objection to British actions in Bahrein; frontier disputes around Khelat [Kalat], Mekran [Makran], and Seistan [Sistan] and proposed arbitration of the Persian-Afghan border; anticipated food shortages and subsequent disturbances involving British subjects exporting grain from BushireAffairs in the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman, including: the consolidation of and challenges to the rule of Syud Azan [Azzān bin Qays Āl Bū Sa‘īd]; debates around British policy towards Syud Azan; confrontation between Muscat and the Wahabees [Waḥabī movement]; the issue of the Zanzibar subsidy; and Syud Azan’s claims to Bunder Abbas [Bandar-e ‘Abbas], Gwadur [Gwadar], Charbar [Chabahar] and other territories on the Mekran CoastAffairs in the Persian Gulf, including: the campaign of Colonel Lewis Pelly in Bahrein and the installation of Esau bin Ali [‘Īsá bin ‘Alī Āl Khalīfah] as Ruler; trade and shipping in the Gulf; the desire of the Shah of Persia for a naval presence in the Gulf; Dutch and Turkish [Ottoman] activity in the region; and tensions between Bahrein and the Wahabees, including Wahabee inroads in the Guttur peninsula [Qatar]Affairs in Affghanistan [Afghanistan], including relations with Bokhara [Emirate of Bukhara] and RussiaCentral Asian affairs, including the Russian advance in the region, trade and communication from India to Central Asia via Cashmere [Kashmir] and Ladak [Ladakh], and affairs in Eastern Turkestan [Xinjiang]Affairs in Zanzibar, including the slave trade, relations with Muscat, the death of Syud Majid [Mājid bin Sa‘īd Āl Bū Sa‘īd], and the accession to the throne of Syud Burgash [Barghash bin Sa‘īd Āl Bū Sa‘īd]Affairs in and around Aden Settlement, including: relations with neighbouring polities, including Lahej [Laḥij Sultanate], Houshebi [Ḥawshabī Sultanate], Fodtheli [Faḍlī Sultanate], and Kathiree [Kathīrī Sultanate]; the purchase of Little Aden; the defences of Aden; an attack on Hodeida [Al Hudaydah] from Aseer [‘Asir] and the threat to Lahej from the Zaidees [Zaidīs]Affairs in the Red Sea, including attempted French, Austrian, Turkish, and Egyptian inroads in the regionAffairs in Burmah [Burma/Myanmar], Bhootan [Bhutan], and Nipal [Nepal].The primary correspondents are:The Government of IndiaThe Viceroy and Governor-General of IndiaThe Resident at AdenThe Political Resident in the Persian GulfThe Political Agent in MuscatThe Political Agent in Zanzibar.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 395; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers.Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
6. 'ABSTRACT OF LETTERS FROM INDIA 1873'
- Description:
- Abstract: Confidential printed abstracts of letters received by the India Office from the Government of India, and from senior officials in certain areas outside India, during the year 1873. The letters are dated December 1872-December 1873. The abstracts each have one of the following titles:Abstracts of Letters received from IndiaAbstracts of Letters received from Sir B FrereAbstracts of Letters received from AdenAbstracts of Military Letters received from IndiaAbstracts of Secret Letters received from IndiaAbstracts of Letters received from Zanzibar, Bushire [Bushehr] and AdenAbstracts of Letters received from Bushire and AdenAbstracts of Letters received from Bushire.Each abstract contains summaries of one or more letters from the specified source, each with a title giving the subject of the letter. Letters from India are divided within each abstract by the branch or department of the Government of India they originated from. The correspondence covers issues including:Arrangements for preserving the historical records of the Government of IndiaJudicial affairs, including the detention of Kooka [Namdhari/Kuka Sikh] insurgents as political prisoners and the question of jurisdiction over British subjects in Persia [Iran] and the Persian GulfLand issues, including plantations of tea, cinchona, and opium poppy, exploration for coal deposits, and land revenue settlementsRevenue, expenditure, and taxationPay, pensions, recruitment, and other personnel issues in the Indian Civil and Military establishmentsPublic works, including railways, canals and irrigationEducationTelegraphy, including international telegraphic links with IndiaAffairs concerning Princely States, including issues of succession, internal administration, the education of heirs, debts, and railwaysAnticipated famine in BengalIssues concerning emigration from India to British, French, and Dutch colonies, including the proposed emigration of Indian labourers to FijiMilitary affairs, including the organisation and supply of military unitsMilitary operations, including an expedition in the Garo Hills and counter-insurgency operations against the Moplahs [Mappilas] in MalabarAffairs in Persia, including: requests from the Persian Government for seconded Prussian and French army officers; frontier disputes between Persia and Turkey; the arbitration of the Mekran [Makran] and Seistan [Sistan] borders; a proposed railway from the Caspian Sea to Teheran [Tehran]Affairs in the Persian Gulf and Arabian Peninsula, including: conflict in Nejd [Emirate of Najd] between Saood [Sa’ūd bin Fayṣal Al Sa’ūd] and Abdullah [‘Abdullāh bin Fayṣal Al Sa’ūd]; the Turkish [Ottoman] occupation of Lahsa [Al Hasa] and suspected Turkish designs on the Gulf coast; and the slave tradeAffairs in and around Aden Settlement, in particular Turkish activity in the regionAffairs in the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman, in particular the consolidation of and challenges to the rule of the Sultan Syud Toorkee [Sayyid Turkī bin Sa’īd Āl Bū Sa’īd]Affairs in Zanzibar, including the slave trade, the Zanzibar Subsidy to Muscat, and contact with the mission of Dr David Livingstone in Central AfricaAffairs in the Red Sea, including the illegal destruction of dhows by the British ship Thetisand suspected Egyptian designs on Berbera,Sir Bartle Frere’s mission to investigate the slave trade in East Africa, negotiations with the Sultans of Zanzibar and Muscat for treaties to suppress the slave trade, and recommendations for other anti-slavery measuresAffairs in Turkish Arabia [Ottoman Iraq], including the administration of Reouf Pasha [Muḥammad Ra'ūf Pāshā], a steamer service operated by the British India Steam Navigation Company between Bussora [Basra] and Bagdad [Baghdad], and a prohibition on the export of Arab horsesAffairs in Central Asia, including: arbitration of the northern border of Affghanistan [Afghanistan]; discussions with Russia concerning spheres of influence in the region; affairs in Eastern Turkestan [Xinjiang] and the proposed expedition of Thomas Forsyth to Yarkund [Yarkant]; a Russian expedition against Khiva; the visit to India of envoys from Affghanistan and Bokhara [Bukhara]Affairs in Burmah [Burma/Myanmar]Affairs in Siam [Thailand], Nipal [Nepal], and Thibet [Tibet]The Panthay Rebellion in China.The primary correspondents are:The Government of IndiaThe Viceroy and Governor-General of IndiaThe Resident at AdenThe Political Resident in the Persian GulfThe Political Agent in MuscatThe Political Agent in ZanzibarSir Bartle Frere.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 332; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
7. 'ABSTRACTS OF LETTERS FROM INDIA 1863'
- Description:
- Abstract: Confidential printed abstracts of letters received by the India Office from the Government of India, and from senior officials in certain areas outside India, during the year 1874. The letters are dated December 1862-December 1863. The abstracts each have one of the following titles:Abstracts of Letters received from IndiaAbstracts of Secret Letters received from IndiaAbstracts of Military Letters received from IndiaAbstracts of Secret Letters received from the Resident at AdenAbstracts of Letters received from the Resident at AdenAbstracts of Secret Letters received from the Governor of the Straits Settlements.Each abstract contains summaries of one or more letters from the specified source, each with a title giving the subject of the letter. Letters from India are divided within each abstract by the branch or department of the Government of India they originated from. The correspondence covers issues including:Military affairs, including: the deployment, organisation, transport, and supply of units; deployments of Indian troops in China; the despatch of troops to New Zealand [Invasion of the Waikato, 1863-1864]; and destitution among ‘Native’ [Indian] regimentsThe aftermath of the ‘Mutiny’ [Indian Uprising of 1857], including the communal reorganisation of military units, the distribution of the ‘Prize Funds’ of property looted by British forces, and proposed police reformsPublic works, including railways, canals, roads, irrigation, docks, and land reclamationRevenue and expenditureJudicial affairs, in particular the appointment of judgesFrontier affairs, including conflict with Cossyah [Khasi] resisters in the Cossyah and Jynteah [Jaintia] Hills on the Northeast Frontier, and an expedition against ‘Hindoostanee Fanatics’ [followers of Syed Ahmad Barelvi and rebel Sepoys] and allied tribes on the Northwest FrontierLand issues, including: changes to laws concerning the ownership and purchase of land; plantations of cash crops including coffee, tea, and cotton; the sale of ‘waste lands’; forestry; and religious endowmentsThe effect of high prices for raw cotton on Indian weaversEmigration from India to French coloniesCommunications issues, including postal services in the Persian GulfRelations of the Government of India with Burmah [Myanmar/Burma], Persia [Iran], Afghanistan, and Bootan [Bhutan]Affairs concerning Princely States, including pensions and stipends for local Rulers and questions of successionPay, pensions, recruitment, and other personnel issues in the Indian Civil and Military establishmentsBankingEpidemicsEducationArrangements for the abolition of the Indian NavyMonitoring of the ‘native’ press in BengalThe activities of rival colonial powers, including: the possible French colonisation of Little Aden and an agreement with the Chief of the Akrabi [‘Aqrabī Shaikhdom] to prevent this; planned French colonisation of Obokh [Obock]; and Dutch colonial expansion in SumatraAffairs in and around Aden Settlement, in particular relations with neighbouring states including the Foudtheli [Faḍlī] and Lahej [Laḥij] Sultanates; the slave trade, including anti-slavery treaties with the rulers of Maculla [Al Mukalla] and Shuhur [Al Shihr]; defences and public worksAffairs in East Africa, in particular an attack on British sailors at Cape Guardafui and subsequent relations with the Mijerteyn [Majertīn Sultanate]Affairs in Beloochistan [Baluchistan], including the construction of telegraph lines in Mekran [Makran] which is resisted by the Persian Governor of Bunpoor [Bampur], and a revolution in Khelat [Kalat] bringing Shere Dil Khan [Mīr Shīrdil Khān Balūch] to powerAffairs in and around the Malay Peninsula, including: a succession struggle in Pahang; the claims of Siam [Thailand] to sovereignty in Tringanu [Trengganu] and Kalantan [Kelantan]; and the arms trade in the Straits Settlements.The primary correspondents are:The Viceroy and Governor-General of IndiaThe Government of IndiaThe Government of BombayThe Resident in AdenThe Governor of the Straits Settlements.The abstracts were printed and bound in London, and each one includes the following colophon: ‘LONDON: Printed by GEORGE E. EYRE and WILLIAM SPOTTISWOODE, Printers to the Queen’s most Excellent Majesty. For Her Majesty’s Stationery Office.’Physical description: A detailed index of subjects, places and people mentioned in the correspondence is included on folios 444-454.
8. 'ABSTRACTS OF LETTERS FROM INDIA 1874.'
- Description:
- Abstract: Confidential printed abstracts of letters received by the India Office from the Government of India, and from senior officials in certain areas outside India, during the year 1874. The letters are dated November 1873-December 1874. The abstracts each have one of the following titles:Abstract of Letters received from IndiaAbstracts of Letters received from BushireAbstracts of Secret Letters received from IndiaAbstracts of Letters received from AdenAbstracts of Military Letters received from IndiaAbstracts of Letters received from Bushire and AdenAbstracts of Secret Letters received from Aden.Each abstract contains summaries of one or more letters from the specified source, each with a title giving the subject of the letter. Letters from India are divided within each abstract by the branch or department of the Government of India they originated from. The correspondence covers issues including:Revenue and expenditureAdministrative reports from individual provinces and territorial unitsPublic works, including railways, canals, and portsLand issues, including taxation, surveys, and plantationsFamine in BengalInternal affairs, including communal violence in Bombay [Mumbai]Affairs concerning Princely States, including internal administration and succession of local rulersTelegraphic communication, including a proposed telegraphic link with the Andaman Islands and issues affecting telegraph lines in Persia [Iran]Emigration from India to South Africa, British Guiana [Guyana], Mauritius and Réunion, the Straits Settlements, and the CaribbeanMilitary affairs, including frontier outposts, the supply and organisation of military units, and outbreaks of disease among troopsFrontier affairs, including a proposed campaign against the Duffla [Nyishi] tribes on the Northeast Frontier and negotiations with the Mahsud Wazir [Maḥsūd] tribe on the Northwest FrontierForeign relations of the Government of India, including: relations with Burmah [Burma/Myanmar], Siam [Thailand], Afghanistan, and Thibet [Tibet]; the missions of Thomas Forsyth and Robert Shaw to Yarkund [Yarkant]; and a proposed mission to Yunan [Yunnan Province]The activities of rival colonial powers, including French activity in Burmah and the Russian advance into Central AsiaAffairs in Afghanistan, in particular the rebellion of Yakoob Khan [Muḥammad Ya’qūb Khān, Governor of Herat] against his father Sher Ali [Shīr-’Alī Khān, Amīr of Afghanistan]Affairs in the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman, including: the Zanzibar Subsidy paid by the Government of India to the Sultan Syud Toorkee [Turkī bin Sa’īd Āl Bū Sa’īd]; challenges to the rule of the Sultan from Syud Salem [Sālim bin Thuwainī Āl Bū Saʿīd] in Gwadur [Gwadar], Saleh bin Ali [Ṣāliḥ bin ‘Alī al-Ḥārithī] in Muttra [Matrah], and Ibrahim bin Ghes [Ibrāhīm bin Qays Āl Bū Sa’īd]; and an expedition by the Sultan against the Ghaffrees [al-Ghāfirī tribal confederation] in Nezwa [Nizwa] and Ziki [Izki]Turkish [Ottoman] activity in the Persian Gulf and Arabian Peninsula, in particular suspected Turkish designs on the Trucial Coast and interference in the Aden Protectorate from Turkish authorities in YemenAffairs in the Aden Protectorate, including: the trade in enslaved people in Hodeida [Al Hudaydah]; the aftermath of a rebellion in the Lahej Sultanate; the defences of Aden; and conflict between the Kayatee [al-Qu‘ayṭī] and Katheree [al-Kathīrī] states involving Arab soldiers from HyderabadAffairs in Persia, including the resignation and reinstatement of the Grand Vizier [Mīrzā Ḥusayn Khān Mushīr al-Dawlah], the cancellation of the Reuter Concession, the proposed Slave Trade Convention, and the issue of the Seistan [Sistan] borderAffairs in Bahrein [Bahrain], including: a petition from a group of exiles led by Nasir bin Mobarik [Nāṣir bin Mubārak Āl Khalīfa] claiming Turkish protection, requesting permission to return to Bahrein, and demanding the release of prisoners held in India following the 1869 conflict in Bahrein; and a threatened attack on Bahrein by the Beni Hajir [Banū Hājir] tribe from Nejd [Najd]Affairs in East Africa, including: slavery in Zanzibar and Mombassa [Mombasa]; suspected Egyptian and Turkish designs on Berbera; the traffic of arms to Abyssinia [Ethiopia]; the death of the missionary Dr David Livingstone; and the proposed construction of lighthouses in the Red SeaAffairs in Baghdad, including: disputes with Redif Pasha [Radīf Pāshā, Governor of Baghdad] concerning salutes and navigation rights of British ships on the Euphrates; and attempted Turkish conscription of Bahreinees [Baharna people] and Cashmeerees [Kashmiris] in Baghdad Vilayet.The primary correspondents are:The Government of India (Home, Foreign, Financial, Revenue, Public Works, Legislative, Judicial, Railway, Marine, and Education departments)The Governor-General of IndiaThe Resident in BushireThe Resident in AdenThe Political Agent in Zanzibar.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 272; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
9. 'File 2/4 II TAXATION of SHAIKH’S DATE GARDENS.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence related to the date gardens owned by the Shaikh of Kuwait, Aḥmad al-Jābir Āl Ṣabāḥ, and the Shaikh of Mohammerah, Khaz'al al-Ka'bi, in southern Iraq. In particular, the correspondence concerns the Government of Iraq's intention to end the immunity from taxation (on the gardens) that had been granted to the former ruler of Kuwait, Shaikh Mubārak Āl Ṣabāḥ, and the Shaikh of Mohammerah by the British Government in return for their military support against the Ottoman Empire in the First World War.The correspondence is mainly between British officials discussing the possible solutions to the gardens taxation issue. Among the suggested solutions was the selling of the property. British officials report that the Shaikh of Kuwait is entirely flexible in regards to the selling of certain estates but not the ones in Al-Faw. But they also suggested that it would be rather useless for the Iraq Government to attempt to purchase the gardens as they belong to more than a hundred relatives of the Shaikh who depend on the produce for their maintenance.The volume includes statements of an estimated value of the Shaikh of Kuwait’s estates on Shatt al-Arab. It also contains economic reports on the proposed new basis of taxation on agricultural produce in Iraq, and copies of the Government of Iraq’s new laws for the collection of consumption ( Istihlak) tax and for the collection of land rent and water rent (ff 79-101). The correspondence also includes records of meetings held in London in regard to the question of the taxations as well as the new system of land revenue collections in Iraq.The main correspondence is between the British Resident, Bushire, the Political Agent, Kuwait, the High Commissioner, Baghdad, and the Colonial Office, Downing Street, London.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 222; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Two additional foliation sequences are present in parallel; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. One of these additional sequences has been crossed out.
10. 'File 6/12 Waqaf [Waqf] Department, its formation'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file consists of correspondence relating to the administration of Waqf property in Bahrain. Waqf property is that given by dedication to Muslim religious or charitable purposes. The file covers various matters, including:reforms of the administration of waqf property, including the formation of a committee to oversee the administration of Shia [Shī‘ah] holdings;the legal definitions surrounding waqf property, with the Awqaf Administration Law of Iraq used as a guide;the question of who will oversee the administration of Persian waqf property;the tracing of title deeds relating to waqf properties;the elections of the Shia Waqf Committee, including the result for the year 1939 (folio 83).The correspondence is between the Political Agency in Bahrain, Adviser to the Government of Bahrain, members of the Waqf committees, Shaikh Hamad of Bahrain [Shaikh Ḥamad bin ‘Īsá Āl Khalīfah], the Political Residency in the Persian Gulf, the High Commissioner for Iraq, and the Political Agent in Muscat.Folios 85-87 are internal office notes.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 88; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-87; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
11. Coll 30/66 'Purchase of land at Bahrain by H.M.G. Accounting arrangements.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file details accounting arrangements for the purchase of land at Bahrain by the Admiralty and the Air Ministry 'for naval and air purposes'. Payments were to be made to the Government of Bahrain by the Government of India, acting on behalf of the British Government (HMG). The papers, dated 1934-35, include correspondence from the Accountant General, Central Revenues, New Delhi; and the Admiralty.The file also includes correspondence dated 1938-39 concerning the provision of funds for the Air Liaison Officer, Bahrain.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 50; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
12. Coll 5/29 ‘Air Route to India (Arab Coast): Additional facilities at Koweit for RAF purposes’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence and notes regarding the reservation of land in Kuwait (also frequently spelt Koweit) for the potential future use of the Royal Air Force (RAF); the correspondence is prompted by fears that the Kuwait Oil Company may develop sites in connection with its oil concession, and thus prevent them from being utilised by the British Government. This includes the selection of suitable sites for an additional aerodrome, should the British Government decide it is required, and the erection of moorings for flying boats. Most of the papers are concerned with Bandar Shuwaikh [Bandar ash Shuwaykh], also referred to as ‘area A' or the ‘quarantine area’. The papers cover the process of enquiring as to what terms the Shaikh of Kuwait will consent to sell or rent the area to the British Government, and subsequent discussion as to whether the Air Ministry is willing to rent the area in question. The later correspondence covers proposed developments by the Kuwait Oil Company in 1939.Some correspondence is also included in relation to the Kuwait Civil Air Agreement (1934): a copy of this agreement can be found on folios 73-86, including a letter from Shaikh Sir Ahmad al Jabir as-Sabah [Shaikh, Aḥmad al-Jābir Āl Ṣabāḥ] granting the RAF priority use of facilities.The main correspondents are as follows: the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Trenchard Craven William Fowle and Percy Gordon Loch, acting), the Political Agent at Kuwait (Harold Richard Dickson, Gerald Simpson de Gaury, and Arnold Crawshaw Galloway), officials of the India Office (John Gilbert Laithwaite and Miles John Clauson), and the Air Ministry (Wilfred Ashton McClaughry). There is no correspondence in the file for 1935 and 1938.The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 153; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.