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1. ‘Persian Gulf- Piracy-’
- Description:
- Abstract: The item consists of copies and extracts of correspondence and minutes cited in, or enclosed with, a Political Letter from the Government of Bombay to the East India Company Court of Directors, 13 November 1847. A copy of this Political Letter can be found at IOR/F/4/2238/112322, alongside details of further enclosures. The item is the thirty-ninth in a series of fifty-nine items on events in the Persian Gulf.The item contains a letter from Major Samuel Hennell, Resident in the Persian Gulf, to the Government of Bombay, dated 31 July 1847, which itself contains translation of a letter from the agent at Muscat to Hennell, dated 28 June 1847. The agent reports on an interview he conducted with Ibrahim [Ibrāhīm] and Moola Mahomed [Mullā Muḥammad], two men detained at Muscat on suspicion of being accomplices of Ahmed bin Dad Kurreem [Aḥmad bin Dād Karīm], the suspected leader of a group that murdered the crew of a British bugla. Details of the crime, including names of victims and suspected accomplices, and what Ibrahim and Moola Mahomed did afterwards, are included in the agent's letter. Hennell’s letter contains a request for instructions in how to proceed.The item also contains a response to Hennell from the Government of Bombay, pointing to a previous dispatch which contained instructions.The item contains multiple spellings for individuals’ names.The title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Bombay Political Department’, ‘Draft No. 345/48’, ‘Collection No. 2 of No. 139, Vol: 39.’ and ‘Examiner’s Office’. The title page also contains a note that relevant correspondence can be found in Collection No. 1 accompanying despatch from the Government of Bombay, 3 July No. 87 of 1847.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 457, and terminates at f 462, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
2. ‘Persian Gulf. Plunder of Public and Private Property from the Wreck of the Honble Compy’s Schooner ‘Emily’, off the island of Kinn’
- Description:
- Abstract: The item consists of copies and extracts of correspondence and minutes cited in, or enclosed with, a Political Letter from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai], 18 June 1845. The recipient, unnamed in the item, is most likely the East India Company Court of Directors.The item relates to actions taken by Samuel Hennell, Resident in the Persian Gulf, following a report that treasure and property, both public and private, have been stolen from the wreck of the Company schooner, the Emily. Following the gathering of depositions, accusations of ‘inhospitable’ behaviour and theft are made against the inhabitants of Kenn (also rendered Kinn [Kish]), with the recommendation by the Governor of Bombay that the matter should be referred to the Persian [Iranian] government. Accusations of theft and misconduct also being made against several members of the Emily’s crew, the Governor of Bombay recommends that the depositions be forwarded to the Advocate General, the Senior Magistrate of Police, and the Commander in Chief [of the Indian Army].A list of the missing treasure can be found at folios 659-660. The list details the name of the related owner or merchant as well as the quantities and types of coins missing.The correspondents are: the Government of Bombay; Hennell; Augustus S Le Messurier, Advocate General; and Philip William Le Geyt, Senior Magistrate of Police.The title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Bombay Political Department’, ‘P.C. [Previous Communication] 5061, Draft 29/46’, ‘Collection 26’ and ‘Examiner’s Office’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 653, and terminates at f 665, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
3. ‘Judda. Alleged Sale of Certain female Slaves by a Shop Keeper Resident at Bombay at- named Hajee Rujub Ali Haratie~’
- Description:
- Abstract: The item consists of copies and extracts of correspondence and minutes cited in, or enclosed with, a Political Letter from the Government of Bombay to the East India Company Court of Directors, dated 31 January 1850, and found at IOR/F/4/2442/134094. It is the second in a series of five items relating to the 'slave trade' [trade in enslaved people] in the Persian Gulf and on the Arabian Peninsula.The item relates to the results of a recent mission to Juddah [Jeddah] by Lieutenant G N Adams, Commanding the Company schooner Constance. It includes:Details about his investigation into the alleged sale of enslaved people at Juddah organised by Haj Rijeb Ali [Ḥājjī Rajab ‘Alī al-Hirātī], a shopkeeper in Bombay [Mumbai], and carried out by this man's agent, Syud Abdulla [Sayyid ‘Abdullāh]Names and status of the people alleged to have been sold, as well as transcripts of interviews with them and with Syud AbdullaStatements provided by witnesses in Bombay and Juddah, including Mahomed ibn Abdool Russool [Muḥammad bin ‘Abd al-Rasūl]Instructions sent by Haj Rijeb Ali to Syud AbdullaDetails about Adams's investigation into complaints made by British Indian merchants regarding their poor treatment at the hands of the Turkish [Ottoman] authorities at JuddahDiscussions regarding the failure of the Turkish Government at Juddah to return the salute of a Company steamerSummaries of conversations Adams had with Alexander Ogilvie, the British Vice Consul at Juddah, and Hasyb Mohamed Pashah [Ḥasīb Muḥammad Pāshā], Governor of the Hedjaz [Hejaz], as well as copies of their correspondenceConcerns that the enslaved people interviewed were coached by Syud Abdulla and that Hasyb Mohamed Pashah was given money by a broker involved in the alleged saleBrief updates on Mocha.The item also contains:Comments on Adams's reports by the Government of Bombay and by Stafford Bettesworth Haines, Captain in the Indian Navy and Political Agent at Aden, who had originally requested naval officers to investigate the above casesGovernor of Bombay's instructions to the Senior Magistrate of Police, Bombay, to pursue further lines of enquiry into the alleged sale and requesting details about the process of examining vessels before their departure from BombayGovernor of Bombay's request to the Commodore and Commander-in-Chief, Indian Navy, that naval officers' political reports should be sent direct to political, rather than naval, authorities.As well as the above, correspondents include: Shaim Ackmut Effendi [Chaim or Ḥāyyīm Aḥmad Effendī], Officiating Governor at Juddah; Khawaja Thomas [Khawājah Tūmā Mekalakki?], merchant; and Charles Augustus Murray, HM Consul General in Egypt.The item contains multiple spellings of multiple personal names and place names.The title page of the item contains the following references: 'Bombay Political Department', 'Draft No. 17 of 1852', 'Collection', Vol: 2', and 'Examiner's Office'. Originally, the reference read 'Collection No 1 of No 9', but 'No 1 of No 9' has been crossed out.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 668, and terminates at f 698, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
4. ‘Kutch. Purchase of Sedee females at Muscat by Natives of-’
- Description:
- Abstract: The item consists of copies and extracts of correspondence and minutes cited in, or enclosed with, extracts from a Government of Bombay Political Consultation, 8 July 1849.The item relates to the deposition of Rehun Toolah [Raḥmat Allāh], a mussulman [Muslim] inhabitant of Cutch [Kachchh], in which he admits that he purchased a 'Seedie' [Sīdī, also rendered in text as Sedee and Seedee] woman at Muscat and has subsequently married her. He also states that there are other members of his caste who have done the same. The deposition is forwarded by Thomas Ogilvy, Political Agent in Cutch, to the Government of Bombay. The Governor of Bombay orders the matter to be brought to the attention of the Rao of Cutch and Captain Atkins Hamerton, HM Consul and the East India Company's Agent in the Dominions of the Imam [Imām] of Muscat. The latter is instructed to report the above to the Imam with a view to preventing future cases.The title page of the item contains the following references: 'Bombay Political Department', 'Draft No. 189 of 1850', 'Vol: 7', 'Collection No 6 of No 125', and 'Examiner’s Office'.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 169, and terminates at f 173, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
5. Measures Adopted for Suppressing the 'Slave Trade'
- Description:
- Abstract: This part of the volume consists of copies of enclosures to a despatch from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai] Secret Department to the Secret Committee, Number 107 of 1847, dated 31 December 1847. The enclosures relate to British attempts to suppress the 'slave trade' [trade in enslaved people]. They are numbered 3-91 and are dated 11 September to 30 December 1847.The enclosures consist of correspondence, and minutes, resolutions and memoranda of the Government of Bombay. The enclosures also include: an enclosed copy of the treaty between the Queen of the United Kingdom, Queen Victoria, and the Sultan of Maskat [Muscat], Saud Saud bin Sultan [Sayyid Sa‘īd bin Sulṭān Āl Bū Sa‘īd, also written as Syud Sueed in this item], for the termination of the export of enslaved persons from the African dominions of the Sultan of Muscat, dated 2 October 1845 (in enclosure No. 3); and enclosed depositions of ‘liberated’ enslaved African people (in enclosure No. 37).The enclosures concern matters including:The Resident in the Persian Gulf, Major Samuel Hennell, reporting the arrival at Bushire [Bushehr] Harbour of a bugla [baghlah] belonging to a subject of the Imaum [Imam, or Sultan] of Muscat, with ‘some 30 or 40 Negro and Abyssinian slaves’ [Black African and Ethiopian enslaved persons] on board for saleThe recommendation of the Superintendent of the Indian Navy, Commodore Sir Robert Oliver, that the ‘Arabs’ on board buglas detained in Bombay Harbour, which had been captured in the Persian Gulf and found to be carrying enslaved persons, should be allowed a supply of tobacco and coffeeThe Government of Bombay authorising the Superintendent of the Indian Navy to release the buggalows [baghlahs] seized with enslaved persons on board, currently detained in Bombay Harbour, but directing him to warn the nackodas [nakhudas, also spelled naquodahs and in various other ways in this item] that any subsequent infractions of the treaty with the Sultan of Muscat would not be met with leniencyThe Senior Magistrate of Police, Bombay, Gregor Grant, reporting that what appears to be smallpox has broken out amongst some of the formerly enslaved persons currently on board the police hulk ZenobiaThe opinion of the Advocate General, Bombay, A S Le Messurier, on the inability of Government to enforce the treaty concluded with the Sultan of MuscatInstructions issued by the Government of Bombay to the Political Agent at Aden, Captain Stafford Bettesworth Haines, and the Superintendent of the Indian Navy, as to the course they should pursue in regard to vessels seized with enslaved persons on boardThe preparation of a letter from the Governor of Bombay to the Imaum of Muscat, congratulating him on the seizure by British officers of enslaved persons on board vessels belonging to his subjects, who were acting in contravention of his orders and the treaty concluded between the two governmentsThe Senior Magistrate of Police, Bombay, forwarding the depositions of forty-seven girls and women and twelve boys. Grant writes that these fifty nine individuals are: the ‘slaves recently liberated’; two women whom he is satisfied are the wives of two of the naquodahs, to whom they have been returned; and two boys who state that they were not enslaved and are anxious to return to the vessel from which they were taken. Most of these girls, women and boys, Grant states (with the exception of three or four individuals, who appear to be natives of Zanzibar), appear to be ‘Gallas’ [Oromo people] or ‘Abyssinians’The question of how the formerly enslaved persons should be ‘disposed of’, with the Government of Bombay instructing the Senior Magistrate of Police that as many boys as the Superintendent of the Indian Navy wishes to take should be made over to him for care and naval education, and that if he does not take all of them, then the remainder may go to the polytechnic institution on similar terms, and that the best mode of providing for the girls and women will be for the Senior Magistrate of Police to invite applications from ‘respectable persons’ to ‘entertain’ them as servants, with preference being given to Christian familiesA letter from the Governor of Muscat, Syud Thoenee bin Sueed bin Sultan [Sayyid Thuwaynī bin Sa‘īd Āl Bū Sa‘īd], to the Governor of Bombay, requesting the release of the buggalows seized for having enslaved persons on boardThe Superintendent of the Indian Navy requesting the sanction of the Government of Bombay for the bugalows detained in Bombay Harbour being allowed to depart without paying harbour duesA letter from the President of the Diocesan Committee of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel and the Corresponding Committee of the Church Missionary Society, the Bishop of Bombay, Thomas Carr, to the Governor of Bombay, submitting an offer from the Committee to take the formerly enslaved persons and have them educated as Christians and provide for ‘their disposal in life’A letter from Mahomed bin Alli [Muḥammad bin ‘Alī, also spelled Mahomed bin Ally in this item], an ‘Arab inhabitant of Bombay’, to the Governor of Bombay, requesting that the formerly enslaved persons be made over to himself, for him to ‘entertain’ them at his own expense for charity, for as long they like, and for him to undertake to marry the grown up young women with whoever they may like, and to allow the rest to go where they may pleaseThe Senior Magistrate of Police reporting that: all the formerly enslaved boys have been made over to the Superintendent of the Indian Navy; the Senior Magistrate invited applications from ‘respectable families’ to house the girls as servants; there were a great many applicants, mostly ‘Mahomedans’ [Muslims], ‘with a few respectable Portuguese Gentlemen’; but only one of the women was persuaded to take service with one of the Portuguese men, whilst the rest refused to be taken in by Christian families; and he ultimately persuaded ‘the greater number of the girls’ to accompany ‘some respectable Mahomedan Gentlemen’ to their housesThe Senior Naval Officer in the Persian Gulf, Captain William Lowe, pointing out the inadequacy of the force in that station for the complete suppression of the ‘slave trade’, and the Superintendent of the Indian Navy reporting that he is unable to increase the naval force on the Persian Gulf station, due to the limited number of vessels of war at his disposalThe Resident in the Persian Gulf reporting the arrival of articles sent from Bombay by HMS Cruizer, but requesting to be provided with a bullet mould and a supply of scarlet cloth, for him to give as presents to ‘Arabian Chiefs’The Resident in the Persian Gulf reporting: his observations on the anomalous position of the Shaik of Koweit, Shaik Jabir [Shaikh of Kuwait, Shaikh Jābir bin ‘Abdullāh Āl Ṣabāḥ], for whilst the nominal supremacy of the Porte [the Government of the Ottoman Empire] over him means that he is exempt from the British political control and surveillance exercised over the other maritime chiefs of the Persian Gulf, Hennell also expects that he will not pay any attention to the Turkish orders for the suppression of the ‘slave trade’; Hennell’s intention to write to the Shaikh of Koweit about Soor [Sur] vessels sending enslaved persons to his town for sale, and to urge him to enforce within his own districts the same regulations which exist at Bussorah [Basra], regarding the suppression of the ‘slave trade’; the issue of Persian [Iranian] vessels and Persian ports engaged in ‘slave dealing’, the different methods of evasion practised by ‘slave traders’ in the Persian Gulf, and his suggestions for measures for the suppression of the trafficThe Government of Bombay instructing HM Consul and Honourable Company’s [the East India Company’s] Agent in the Dominions of the Imaum of Muscat, Captain Atkins Hamerton, to bring to the notice of the Imaum the Soor vessels evading the treaty entered into with him for the suppression of the ‘slave trade’, and to express the conviction of the Governor in Council that the Imaum will adopt the necessary measures for prohibiting the embarkation of enslaved persons in his portThe Government of Bombay requesting the Superintendent of the Indian Navy to issue instructions to the officer commanding the Honourable Company’s brigantine Tigris, under orders for Zanzibar, regarding the removal and disposal of enslaved persons from vessels which he may have the right to seize, and to gain as much information as he can regarding the Slave Trade and the effect the treaties recently concluded have had upon it.The correspondence is primarily between the Government of Bombay (mostly the Chief Secretary to Government, Arthur Malet, and the Governor of Bombay, George Russell Clerk) and the following: the Resident in the Persian Gulf; the Advocate General, Bombay; the Superintendent of the Indian Navy; the Senior Magistrate of Police, Bombay; HM Consul and Honourable Company’s Agent in the Dominions of the Imaum of Muscat; the Secretary to the Medical Board, Bombay, John Scott; the Governor of Muscat; the Imaum of Muscat; the President of the Diocesan Committee of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel and the Corresponding Committee of the Church Missionary Society; Mahomed bin Alli; and the Officiating Secretary to the Government of India, George Alexander Bushby.Physical description: 1 item (168 folios)
6. Political No. 206 of 1873, Forwarding Copies of Papers Relating to Measures for the Suppression of the Slave-Trade and the General Condition of Affairs at Zanzibar
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of copies of a Political Despatch from the Government of India Foreign Department to the Secretary of State for India, dated 21 November 1873 and received by the India Office Political Department on 15 December 1873, forwarding copies of papers relating to the suppression of the trade in enslaved persons and the general condition of affairs in Zanzibar. The enclosures chiefly comprise copies of letters and reports of John Kirk, Political Agent and HM Consul in Zanzibar, including: reports on the geography and navigability of Latham Island and the Lufigi [Rufiji] River Delta; a description of Kilwa Kivingi [Kilwa Kivinje], the 'headquarters of the Zanzibar slave trade' (f 71); and a deposition and information elicited from a number of 'freed' or 'liberated' African men and women, received from HMS Britonat D'Urban [Durban], Natal [KwaZulu-Natal], and taken down by various officials at that place.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 66, and terminates at f 84a, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The sequence contains five foliation anomalies: f 66a, f 67a, f 75a, f 76a, and f 84a.
7. File 499/1926 Pt 1 'Persia: Affairs; Printed Correspondence (1925-Jul 1926)'
- Description:
- Abstract: The item comprises batches of printed correspondence relating to political and economic affairs in Persia [Iran]. The batches were sent as enclosures by the Government of India, Foreign and Political Department, to the India Office, London. The printed correspondence is principally between officials at the British Legation, Tehran, the Foreign Office, London, and the Government of India, Foreign and Political Department, and dates from 24 October 1925 to 5 August 1926.The papers cover a wide range of subjects, including:The dissolution of the Kadjar [Qājār] dynasty and the accession to the throne of Reza Shah [Reżā Shāh Pahlavī], and amendments to the constitutional law to reflect these changesMatters relating to trade, particularly with RussiaDiplomatic affairs, including recognition of the new regime by foreign diplomatic powers in PersiaRusso-Persian relations, including disputes over Caspian fisheries and Britain's concerns over Bolshevik [Soviet] influence in PersiaGovernmental and legislative matters including ministerial changes, elections to the Majlis [legislative assembly], and the passing of billsUnrest and outright rebellion within the Persian Army owing to suspected corruption among military leaders, particularly in Khorasan and Azerbaijan provinces.Additional correspondence, included as enclosures, originates from: British political, military and diplomatic officials from throughout Persia and the surrounding region; British diplomatic representatives in Europe; and Persian Government officials.The French language material consists of correspondence to and from Persian Government officials.Physical description: 1 item (168 folios)