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13. ‘Translation of a letter from the Envoy to H.M. the Shah’
- Description:
- Abstract: Translation of a letter from the East India Company Envoy to Persia [Iran], Lieutenant-Colonel John Macdonald Kinneir, to the Shah of Persia [Fatḥ-‘Alī Shāh Qājār], dated 1 Ramazan [1 Ramaḍān AH 1243/17 March 1828]. The letter concerns the peace treaty negotiated to end the war between Russia and Persia [Russo-Persian War, 1826-1828]. Macdonald Kinneir reports that the Russian General-in-Chief [General Ivan Fyodorovich Paskevich-Erivansky, Governor-General of Georgia] will quit Tabriz on 4 Ramazan, and that Abbas Mirza [ʿAbbās Mīrzā Qājār, Crown Prince of Persia] will return to that city on the same day. He also encourages the Shah to issue orders for the speedy dispatch from Teheran [Tehran] of the seventh crore of tomans owed to Russia in reparations, to ensure the evacuation of Khoi [Khoy] and the neighbouring districts by Russian troops.This document was originally enclosed, numbered 3 in dispatch No. 91, in Macdonald Kinneir’s dispatch No. 34 to the Secret Committee of the East India Company of 28 March 1828 (IOR/L/PS/9/71/253).Physical description: 1 item (2 folios)
14. ‘A detail of occurrences at Tabreez since the 24th of October to the 5th of November 1827’
- Description:
- Abstract: A report by George Willock on the events occurring at Tabreez [Tabriz] from 24 October 1827 to 5 November 1827. The report gives a detailed description of the advance of the Russian army towards Tabreez and the occupation of the city by Russian troops led by Prince Arristoff [Georgii Yevseevich Eristov] without opposition during the ongoing war between Persia [Iran] and Russia [Russo-Persian War, 1826-1828], notably:The movement of refugees away from the Russian advanceThe flight and capture of Alli Yar Khan [Allāh Yār Khān Qājār Davallū, Āṣaf al-Dawlah, the Grand Vizier of the Shāh of Persia]The desertion of Persian troops and the entry of Russian troops and officers into the cityThe Russian occupation of the city and the various responses of the local elites and population to the occupationThe submission of other towns and districts of the province of Azerbijoun [Azerbaijan], including the siding of some of the tribes in the region with Russia and the rising of some populations against Persian ruleThe arrival of the commander of Russian forces, General Paskewitch [General Ivan Fyodorovich Paskevich-Erivansky, Governor-General of Georgia], at the head of the Russian army, including the extent and composition of the Russian forcesThe movements of Russian forces in Persia.The account concludes by reporting the meeting between the Russian plenipotentiary General Obreskoff [Aleksandr Mikhailovich Obreskov] and the Cayim Mukam [Mirza Abū al-Qāsim Farāhānī, Qāʾim-Maqām, the Vizier of the Crown Prince of Persia], at which the Cayim Mukam was presented with peace terms (see IOR/L/PS/9/71/99).This document was originally enclosed, numbered 2, in dispatch No. 74 of the East India Company Envoy to Persia, Lieutenant-Colonel John Macdonald Kinneir, to the Chief Secretary to the Government of India, George Swinton, of 8 November 1827 (IOR/L/PS/9/71/98).Physical description: 1 item (12 folios)
15. 'Reports of administration for 1918 of divisions and districts of the occupied territories in Mesopotamia. Volume I'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume comprises annual reports and administration reports, submitted by Political Officers, for the following divisions in occupied Mesopotamia [Iraq]: Samara; Ba'qubah; Khaniqin [Khānaīqn]; Samawah; Shamiyah [Shāmīyah]; Hillah; Dulaim [Anbar]; Basrah; Qurnah; 'Amarah [Al 'Amārah]; Kut; Nasiriyah; Kirkuk; and the Kuwait Agency [Kuwayt].The administration reports often include details under the following headings: tribal and political boundaries; revenue; irrigation; agriculture; industry; municipalities; judicial; education; medical and sanitation; housing; police; jails; Shabanahs; labour; Waqf; establishment and personnel. They often contain appendices, providing statistical tables, special reports, notes on prominent personalities, lists of ruling Shaikhs, and details of court cases and prisoners.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 233; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence (445pp, including maps and tables).
16. 'No. 119 Incomplete correspondence (1839) regarding defence of the Island of Karrack - (unimportant)'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file consists of an incomplete selection of correspondence concerning the defence of the Island of Kharg [Khārk, Jazīreh-ye] and the British Garrison occupying the island. It largely consists of assessments on how defensible the island is, and recommendations for improvements. The correspondence is largely undertaken between British officers at Kharg, the Military Establishment of Bombay, and the Governor of Bombay.It should be noted that two spellings for Khārk are in use in this file; Karrack, and Kharg.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover and terminates at the final folio; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
17. 'Mesopotamia Administration Committee'
- Description:
- Abstract: Table giving abstracts of proposals made by the War Cabinet, with comments on those proposals by Sir Percy Zachariah Cox and the Government of India.The proposals include:Occupied territories being administered by His Majesty's Government, instead of the Government of IndiaBasra to remain under British administrationBagdad [Baghdad] to be an Arab state with a local ruler of Government, but under British protection, using local laws and institutions where possible.British Civil Service (in Mesopotamia) to be amalgamated with that of Soudan [Sudan] and the Levant.Shiah holy places to be a separate enclave not under direct British controlIrrigation, Navigation and Rivers to be under British administrationKoweit [Kuwait] and Arabian littoral of Persian Gulf, including Oman, to be controlled by BasraSouth Persia to be within Government of India's sphere of influencePhysical description: Foliation: The foliation for this description commences at folio 130 and terminates at folio 131, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present between folios 6-153; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.
18. 'MESOPOTAMIA ADMINISTRATION COMMITTEE.'
- Description:
- Abstract: Copies of Telegrams between the Viceroy (Frederic Thesiger, The Lord Chelmsford), Secretary of State (Austen Chamberlain) and Sir Percy Zachariah Cox on the future administration of Mesopotamia, March to April 1917:Telegram P 1234 from Viceroy, Foreign Department, 26 March 1917: regarding the need for steps to be taken to overhaul and replace the defunct Turksh administration and for the work of the civil departments to continue in Bagdad.Telegram P 1315 from Secretary of State to Viceroy, Foreign Department, 29 March 1917: regarding the Committee of the War Cabinet's conclusions for the future administration and political control of Mesopotamia and Arabia, including that occupied territories were to be administered by His Majesty's Government; that Basra was to remain permanently under British administration; Bagdad to be an Arab state under British protection and to be administered as an Arab province and without the use of the 'Irak Code'; Koweit [Kuwait] and Arabian littoral, including Oman, to be controlled by Basra;Telegram P 1434 from Sir Percy Cox, to the Government of India, 7 April 1917: giving Cox's own opinions that there is no suitable candidate to be ruler and that perhaps an administrative council would be more appropriate; the need for a uniform code of law for both Bagdad and Basra; proposals for Nejef [Najaf] and Kerbela [Karbala] to be independent townships; and expressing his willingness to undertake the carrying out of this policy if required.Telegram P 1433 from Sir Percy Cox, to the Foreign Department, Government of India, 8 April 1917: requesting information on the individuals proposed for the positions of Judicial Adviser and Subordinate Revenue Officers and suggesting Colonel Knox for the position of Judicial Adviser.Draft of a proposed telegram to the Viceroy, undated but after 7 April 1917: advising that no work on introducing an Arab administration should be undertaken whilst Mesopotamia is under military occupation, and that only such administration as is required to preserve order and meet the needs of the occupying force.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation for this description commences at folio 127 and terminated at folio 129, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between folios 6-153; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.
19. 'Addtl Cavalry Bgde for Force D'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file is comprised of correspondence concerning the provision of an additional Brigade for Force D in Mesopotamia. Issues discussed include: equipment to be supplied; maintaining military strength on the North West Frontier of India (folio 45); date of dispatch; and inclusion of horse artillery.The correspondents include the Commander-in-Chief, India; the War Office, London; the General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Mesopotamia; and the Director of Ordnance Services, Mesopotamian Expeditionary Force.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 57; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel; these numbers are written in coloured crayon and pencil.
20. 'WAR DIARY. ARMY HEADQUARTERS, INDIA […] I.E.F. "D". Volume 34. PART I. (From 1st to 15th May 1917.)'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains a chronological list of brief summaries of papers relating to the activities of the Indian Expeditionary Force D (also known as the Mesopotamia Expeditionary Force) between 1 and 15 May 1917. This is accompanied by appendices containing copies and extracts of these papers, which include: letters, telegrams, notes, reports, tables, and memoranda. An index to the contents of this volume can be found at folios 3-11. The volume concerns:Troop movementsMilitary operations, including actions on the Adhaim [Al-‘Uzaym] riverReports from the fronts on the Tigris and Euphrates, the Caucasus, and southern Persia [Iran]Issues concerning Inland Water Transport, including the transfer of ships from India to Mesopotamia and details of craft lost on rivers in MesopotamiaSupplies for Force D, including ammunition, guns, and tentsCombat and non-combat reinforcements for Force D from India, Egypt, and Mauritius, in particular Labour CorpsStaff appointmentsRailways, including railway construction and repair, traffic statistics, and the transfer of rails and rolling stock from India to MesopotamiaThe movements and strength of Turkish [Ottoman) forces, including intelligence received from deserters and prisoners of warThe movements of Russian forces; the effects of the Russian Revolution of February 1917The court martial and sentencing of troops from the 3rd Brahmans for ‘mutinous conduct’Aerial operationsRelations with tribes, including ‘punitive measures’ against tribes resisting the British occupation of MesopotamiaThe proposed deportation of Turkish families from British-occupied BaghdadPolitical developments in Najd and HailThe question of the future political administration of MesopotamiaMedical issues, including Medical Advisory Committee report on sickness and sanitary measures in Force D (ff 165-180)Issues around currency and exchange rates in British-occupied MesopotamiaReported activity of German agentsThe political situation in Persia and the effect on this of the Russian Revolution of February 1917.The following tables appear:The distribution, composition, and organisation of Force D (ff 12-29, ff 112-117, ff 139-142) and names of officers in order of superiority (ff 30-31)Units captured at Kut-al-Amarah [Kut] (f 30)Artillery and ammunition available in Mesopotamia (ff 36-37, ff 130-131)Distribution and strength of Turkish forces (ff 39-47, f 133, f 155, ff 244-246)British aerial operations between 18 and 24 February 1917 (ff 49-51)Medical statistics (ff 54-56, ff 88-89, ff 151-152, ff 178-179, ff 182-183, ff 197-198, ff 212-214, f 216, ff 218-220, ff 226-227)Disinfection measures and equipment (ff 57-58, ff 65-66)Inland Water Transport personnel as of 10 February 1917 (f 67)Shipping statistics (f 68, f 132, f 232, f 241)The state of supplies on the morning of 28 April 1917 (ff 76-80, ff 81-82), the morning of 5 May 1917 (ff 128-129, ff 137-138), and the morning of 12 May 1917 (ff 238-240)Railway traffic in Mesopotamia in the weeks ending 24 April 1917 (ff 80-81) and 3 May 1917 (f 126)Royal Flying Corps (RFC) report listing available aircraft and pilots in the week ending 3 May 1917 (f 93) and 10 May 1917 (f 152)Ration strength of Force D on 8 April 1917 (ff 109-111), 22 April 1917 (ff 124-125), and 29 April 1917 (ff 192-197)Distribution of land transport with Force D on 1 April 1917 (f 123)Reinforcements for Force D (ff 150-151)Inland Water Transport statistics for the week ending 17 February 1917 (ff 221-223) and 24 February 1917 (ff 229-231).Also included are:‘Diary of Information’ No. 42 dated 31 March 1917, covering: aerial operations; approximate translations of songs by Indian troops; a report on sanitation dated 31 January 1917; Inland Water Transport report for the week ending 10 February 1917; construction and engineering works in Mesopotamia and British-occupied southern Persia; and the Christmas mail for Mespotamia (ff 49-74)War reportage from around Samarra and on the Adhaim in the Pioneer, 17 April to 8 May (ff 145-148, f 156)‘Diary of Information’ No. 43 dated 7 April 1917, covering issues including: tribal guards in the employ of British Political Officers; a description of Nasiriyah; railway operations; aerial operations between 25 February-11 March 1917, including during the capture of Baghdad; medical affairs, including reports on malaria and other infectious diseases and laboratory reports; and Inland Water Transport report for the week ending 17 February 1917 (ff 205-225)‘Diary of Information’ No. 44 dated 14 April 1917, covering issues including: medical affairs, including laboratory reports; Inland Water Transport report for the week ending 24 February 1917; Army Ordnance Department report for the month of February 1917; an essay on British administration in occupied Mesopotamia by General Staff Intelligence entitled ‘The Pax Britannica in the Occupied Territories’; and aerial operations carried out between 12 and 25 March 1917 (ff 225-237).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 249; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 3-247; these numbers are printed and are located in the bottom centre of the recto side of each folio.
21. ‘WAR DIARY. ARMY HEADQUARTERS, INDIA. […] I.E.F. “D”. Volume 12. (From 1st to 31st July 1915.)’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains a chronological list of brief summaries of papers relating to the activities of the Indian Expeditionary Force D (also known as the Mesopotamia Expeditionary Force) between 1 and 31 July 1915. This is accompanied by appendices containing copies and extracts of these papers, which include: telegrams, letters, tables and memoranda containing instructions and reports.A summary of the contents of this volume can be found at folio 11. The volume’s contents mostly relate to:Military reinforcements and supplies required by Force D, including: personnel; weapons; ammunition; river craft and aircraft, with particular attention paid to the supply and deployment of aeroplanesStaff appointments and promotionsDistributions of Force D throughout July (ff 55-58; f 175; and f 274)Distribution of the Turkish [Ottoman] Army (ff 320-322)Status and progress of the Euphrates line, commanded by General George Frederick Gorringe, including the capture of Nasiriyah on 24 JulyStatus and progress of the Tigris line, especially around Filaifilah [Fulayfilah], Ali-al-Gharbi [‘Ali al Gharbi] and Kumait [Kumayt]Concerns about the impact of the climate on soldiers’ health and the high volume of sick soldiersIntelligence on Russo-Turkish operations in the Caucasus regionProposals to seize Bushire [Bushehr] due to dissatisfaction with the Persian [Iranian] GovernmentDiscussions about the best way to protect the Anglo-Persian Oil Company’s pipelineDiscussions about the loyalties and activities of tribes in southern Mesopotamia and northern Persia, including the question of providing subsidies for the Bavi [Bāvī] tribeProposals to occupy Kut-al-Amarah [Al-Kut, also rendered in text as Kut al ‘Amarah and Kut-al-‘Amarah].The volume also includes:Appreciations [reports] from the Directorate of Military Operations summarising the situation in Mesopotamia on: 5 July (ff 62-63); 12 July (ff 115-116); 19 July (f 183); 26 July (ff 271-272)A letter from the General Officer Commanding Force D to the Chief of the General Staff, dated 10 July 1915, which includes a ‘Memorandum on future special requirements’ by Major-General George Vere Kemball (ff 198-201).A summary of contents for the previous volumes can be found at folios 3-10.The volume contains a small number of copies of telegrams from June 1915.Physical description: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 332; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 13-330; these numbers are printed and are located in the bottom centre of the recto side of each folio.Dimensions: 21 x 33cm.
22. ‘WAR DIARY. ARMY HEADQUARTERS, INDIA. […] I.E.F. “D”. Volume 2. (From 18th October to 10th November 1914 inclusive). War with Turkey Declared 31st October 1914.’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains a chronological list of brief summaries of papers relating to the activities of the Indian Expeditionary Force D (also known as the Mesopotamia Expeditionary Force) between 18 October and 10 November 1914. This is accompanied by appendices containing copies and extracts of these papers, which include telegrams and a statement of transport sailings.A summary of the contents of this volume is pasted on the leading flyleaf under the subheading ‘Move up Persian Gulf’:‘33rd Cavalry mobilized’‘16th Brigade arrived Bahrain’‘Despatch of troops made public’‘War declared with Turkey [Ottoman Empire]’‘Another brigade ordered for “D”’‘Force “D” ordered to Fao’‘Fao occupied’‘18th Brigade and Divisional Headquarters sailed’‘Remainder 6th Division ordered to Shatt-al-Arab’The volume also includes information about the preparation of supplies and equipment, as well as details of intelligence regarding the activities of Turkish forces.A summary of contents for the previous volume is pasted on the inside front cover.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 81; these numbers are printed, and are located in the bottom centre of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.Dimensions: 21x33cm
23. ‘WAR DIARY. ARMY HEADQUARTERS, INDIA. […] I.E.F. “D”. Volume 32. PART I. (From 1st to 15th March 1917).’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains a chronological list of brief summaries of papers relating to the activities of the Indian Expeditionary Force D (also known as the Mesopotamia Expeditionary Force) between 1 and 15 March 1917. This is accompanied by appendices containing copies and extracts of these papers, which include: letters, telegrams, notes, reports, tables, and memoranda.An index to the contents of this volume and a summary of the contents can be found on folios 3-10. The volume concerns:Appreciations [reports] and intelligence summaries from the Directorate of Military OperationsThree diaries of information from 17 February 1917, 12 August 1916, and 24 February 1917 covering: climate and floods; relaxation at the Mesopotamia base; medical concerns, including malaria and sanitary conditions, particularly at Sheikh Sa’ad [Shaykh Sa’d]; inland water transport, port administration; postal services; Suq-Al-Shuyukh Qadha [Suq Al-Shoyokh District]; aviation; prisoners of war; captions of photographs sent to the Chief of the General Staff, IndiaA report on the Shatt-el-Arab river [Shatt al-Arab]Reinforcements for Force DDiscussions about the probability of Force D being able to capture and hold BaghdadTurkish [Ottoman] retreat from Aziziyah [Al ‘Aziziyah]The ammunition supplyMovements of Turkish and Russian troopsThe possibility of employing prisoners of war in France rather than interning them in IndiaTurkish withdrawal from the Hamadan frontA discussion of measures to be taken to prevent German, Japanese, French and Russian trade competing with British trade in the Gulf after the conclusion of the warSalvage of armaments abandoned by the Turkish armyBritish entry into Baghdad and the occupation of the cityThe proclamation issued to the people of BaghdadThe possibility of the British moving up the Euphrates to occupy Samawah [As Samawah]Plans for the future administration of the Baghdad VilayetReports from the Royal Flying Corps of machines in service and pilots availableProvision and movements of river craft.The following tables appear:Distribution of Force D on folios 11-14 and 166-171Lines of communication on folios 15-19Composition of Force D on folios 20-27Units captured at Kut-al-Amarah [Al-Kut] on folio 28List of General Officers and Brigade Commanders on folio 29Weekly return of the sick and wounded on folios 39-40 and 118-119Ration strength of Force D on folios 47-48, 120-124, 160-162, and 199-204Distribution of the Turkish Army on folios 94-104 and 178-179.Physical description: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 207; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 3-205; these numbers are printed and are located in the bottom centre of the recto side of each folio.Dimensions: 21 x 33cm
24. ‘WAR DIARY. ARMY HEADQUARTERS, INDIA. […] I.E.F. “D”. Volume 34. PART II. (From 16th to 31st May 1917).’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains a chronological list of brief summaries of papers relating to the activities of the Indian Expeditionary Force D (also known as the Mesopotamia Expeditionary Force) between 16 and 31 May 1917. This is accompanied by appendices containing copies and extracts of these papers, which include: letters, telegrams, notes, reports, tables, and memoranda.An index to the contents of this volume and a summary of the contents can be found at IOR/L/MIL/17/5/3276. The volume concerns:Appreciations [reports] and intelligence summaries from the Directorate of Military OperationsTwo diaries of information from 20 April 1917 and 21 April 1917 covering: floods; inland water transport; Red Cross launches; the convalescent depot at Amarah [al-Amarah]; aviation; medical affairs; war gifts to Mesopotamia; and judicial administration in the Occupied Territories of IraqA description of the events leading up to the capture of SamarraReinforcements for Force DThe ammunition supplyMovements of Turkish [Ottoman] and Russian troopsPlan for the administration of Baghdad and Basrah [Basra]Reports from the Royal Flying Corps of machines in service and pilots availableProvision and movements of river craftProgress reports on railway constructionsLists of sick and woundedReplacement of Egyptian labourers in Mesopotamia by Indian Labour Corps divisions or Prisoners of WarPunitive measures against tribesmen near SamarraThe strength of the YazidisInformation concerning relations between Turks and Russians, including information that an armistice was arrangedThe health of drafts sent to India for despatch to Mesopotamia.The following tables appear:Troops and tonnage carried up and down the Tigris and arrival and discharge of vessels at Basrah on folios 7-9 and 96-97Ration strength of Force D on folios 41-44, 57-59, and 107-110Distribution of the Turkish Army on folios 88-89 and 151-152Strength of Force D on folios 116-130.Physical description: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 171; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 3-169; these numbers are printed and are located in the bottom centre of the recto side of each folio.Dimensions: 21 x 33cm