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37. Letter from Harford Jones to John Philip Morier
- Description:
- Abstract: A copy of a letter from Harford Jones, Resident in Bagdad [Baghdad], to John Morier, Attaché with the army of the Vizier [Yūsuf Ẓīa al-Dīn Pāshā, Grand Vizier to the Ottoman Sulṭān] in Egypt, sent from Bagdad and dated 10 June 1800.The letter concerns potential assistance from the Pashaw of Bagdad [Büyük Sulaymān Pāshā, Governor of Baghdad] to the Vizier’s campaign against the French occupation forces in Egypt. Jones expresses doubts about the loyalty of Timour Aga [Tīmūr Āghā], whom the Pashaw is rumoured to be sending to support the Vizier, and describes problems facing the region including plague and a Yezeedee [Yazīdī] rebellion.Physical description: 1 item (2 folios)
38. Letter from Harford Jones, Resident at Bagdad, to Henry Dundas, President of the Board of Control
- Description:
- Abstract: This part of the volume comprises correspondence, memoranda, notes, and other papers relating to the first years of the East India Company Residency in Bagdad [Baghdad, also spelled Bagdat in this volume]. The first section (folios 4-153) consists of letters from Sir Harford Jones, Resident at Bagdad, to Henry Dundas, President of the Board of Control. The letters contain intelligence, news, and, Jones's views on the matters discussed. Various subjects are covered, including:The French invasion of Egypt and their campaign in Syria, including the seizure of Alexandria (July 1798), the French defeat by the British at the Battle of the Nile (August 1798), the reaction of the Ottoman authorities to the invasion, the Siege of Acre (March-May 1799), and the Battle of Aboukir [Abu Qir] (July 1799)British fears of a French overland invasion of India and concerns about French influence in the regionEvents in Khorassan [historic region of Greater Khorasan, including north-east Iran and parts of present-day Afghanistan], including the Afghan ruler Zeman Shah's [Zamān Shāh Durrānī] advances on the Punjab, Persian plans to take Herat, and Jones's recommendation to the Government of India that a British representative be installed at Caboul [Kabul]Ottoman military efforts against the growing power of the Whabee [Wahhābī, also spelled Whahaubee in this volume] State in Central ArabiaThe East India Company's victory over Tippoo Sultan [Sulṭān Fātiḥ ‘Alī Ṣāḥib Tīpū, or Tīpū Sulṭān] and the consolidation of their imperial power in IndiaEvents in Europe, particularly those relating to the Napoleonic WarsTreatment of the Christian community in BagdadPolitical affairs in Persia [Iran], India, and Turkish Arabia [Ottoman Iraq]Relations with the Persian Court and the Ottoman Governor of the Baghdad Vilayet, Soliman Pashaw [Sulaymān Pāshā], including the diplomatic missions to Persia of Meerza Mehdi Ally Khan [Mīrzā Mahdī ‘Alī Khān Bahadūr] and Captain John MalcolmRussian movements and ambitions in the CaucasusPlague in Bagdad and the surrounding regionsCommercial and administrative matters.The second section (folios 154-512) consists of the enclosures to Jones's letters to Dundas which cover the same subjects.Correspondence included as enclosures is between Jones and various diplomatic and governmental officials, intelligence sources, merchants, and East India Company representatives from across the region, including: Robert Page Abbott, Agent for the East India Company at Aleppo (following his death in 1799, his wife, Louisa Abbott (née Vernon), took on the duties of Agent); John Barker, Consul at Aleppo; the Government of Bombay; Peter Tooke, East India Company Agent at Constantinople [Istanbul]; Francis Werry, Consul at Smyrna; John Spencer Smith, Ambassador to the Ottoman Porte at Constantinople (after November 1799, Earl of Elgin [Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of Elgin]); Nicholas Ducci, Agent at Latachia [Latakia]; Chairman of the East India Company Court of Directors; Rear-Admiral John Blankett, Commander of HMS Leopard, stationed in the Red Sea; Samuel Manesty, Resident at Bussora [Basra]; and Lord Minto [Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 1st Earl of Minto], Envoy to Austria.Documents of note here include:A memorandum by Harford Jones on what preparations might be made for his Residency in Bagdad, dated London, 1 July 1798 (ff 4-7)Papers, in French, seized by the Ottoman authorities following the arrest of France's representatives in Bagdad, including Napoleon Bonaparte's proclamation to the Egyptian people following the seizure of Alexandria (ff 163-169)A short note by Jones on the history of the ruling families of Persia since Nadir Shah [Nādir Afshār] (f 171)The prospectus, in French, of a 'Commercial Company established in France under the auspices of the King for trade with Asiatic Turkey, Persia, and India' [French East India Company] (ff 173-174)A memorandum by Jones on the Whabee (ff 181-184)A letter, in Italian, from Accre [Acre] resident, Luigi Malagamba, concerning the French advance along the eastern Mediterranean coast towards Accre (ff 210-211)Extracts from the Bombay Courier Extraordinary, dated 4 June 1799 (ff 248A-248)A report by John Barker on the roads, conditions, resources, governance, inhabitants, and distances of the region between the eastern Mediterranean and the Euphrates River, dated 1799 (ff 264-268)A memorandum by Jones on the industry and trade of the copper deposits of the Taurus Mountains, dated 1 December 1799 (ff 294-302)Extracts of a report on the events which led to the loss of HMS Trincomaleein the Red Sea on 13 October 1799 (ff 304-306)A letter, in Latin, from Father Fulgentius a S Maria, Carmelite Vicar Apostolic of Persia and Mesopotamia and complaining of unjust treatment by the Ottoman authorities, dated Bagdad, 10 February 1800 (ff 331-332)Letters, in Persian, from Wafadar Khan [Raḥmat Allāh Khān Sadūzāʾī Kāmrān Khayli], Prime Minister to Zeman Shah, and concerning recent events of the time and the proposal of sending an English envoy to Afghanistan, dated Candahar [Kandahar], January 1800 (ff 351-352)News bulletins from Lord Minto in Vienna concerning events of the Napoleonic Wars in Europe (ff 485-488) and including an abstract of the Treaty of Lunéville (ff 495-496).Physical description: 1 item (511 folios)
39. Letters from Harford Jones to Samuel Manesty
- Description:
- Abstract: Two letters from Harford Jones, Resident in Bagdad [Baghdad], to Samuel Manesty, Resident in Bussora [Basra], sent from Bagdad and dated 28 and 29 April 1800.The letters concern reports received by the Pashaw [Büyük Sulaymān Pāshā, Governor of Baghdad] from Damascus that the Vizier [Yūsuf Ẓīa al-Dīn Pāshā, Grand Vizier to the Ottoman Sulṭān] has suffered a heavy defeat to French occupation forces between Balbis [Bilbays] and Cairo and has retreated to Gaza.Attached is a translation of an oral account of the contents of the letter, describing a Turkish [Ottoman] defeat to French forces in Egypt and a massacre of French troops, Copts, and officials collaborating with the French authorities in Cairo.Physical description: 1 item (4 folios)
40. Letters from Jaffa
- Description:
- Abstract: This item contains copies of two letters:1. A report by John Barker, Proconsul in Aleppo, forwarding intelligence received from an informant in Jaffa in December 1800. The report concerns preparations for an expedition against the French occupation forces in Egypt.2. A letter from Brigadier-General George Koehler to John Barker, sent from the headquarters of the Vizier [Yūsuf Ẓīa al-Dīn Pāshā, Grand Vizier to the Ottoman Sulṭān] at Jaffa and dated 2 December 1800. The letter reports on the state of affairs in the camp of the Vizier, including desertion, plague, shortages, and a false report of a French attack. It also statets that a large body of reinforcements are heading to join the Vizier and asks Barker to forward this news to India and the Red Sea.Physical description: 1 item (4 folios)
41. Correspondence regarding the Napoleonic Wars
- Description:
- Abstract: This item contains copies of five letters:1. A letter from Harford Jones, Resident in Bagdad [Baghdad], to Captain John Malcolm, Envoy of the Governor-General of Bengal to Persia [Iran], sent from Bagdad and dated 24 August 1800.The letter reports news of the Napoleonic Wars, including:The assassination of Jean-Baptiste Kléber, commanding officer of the French occupation forces in Egypt, and his replacement by General Jacques-François MenouMenou’s refusal to observe the Convention of Alarish [Al-‘Arish] until orders are received from the new Government in France [the Consulate]The sighting of a large force of Greeks and Copts at the French campDevelopments in Europe, including the departure of the French fleet from Brest and the possibility of an armistice between France and Austria.2. A letter from Jones to Malcolm sent from Bagdad and dated 8 September 1800, forwarding correspondence addressed to Malcolm and his assistant Richard Strachey (not enclosed).3. A translation of an official note from Soliman Pashaw [Büyük Sulaymān Pāshā, Governor of Baghdad] to Harford Jones, dated 24 August 1800. Soliman Pashaw requests clarification concerning rumours of the dispatch of a British force to Bussora [Basra].4. A letter from Harford Jones to Soliman Pashaw dated 25 August 1800. Jones denies knowledge of any plans to dispatch British forces to Bussora, stating that such a matter would have to be decided between the British and Ottoman governments and pledging to write to Bussora seeking an explanation.5. A letter from Harford Jones to Samuel Manesty, Resident in Bussora, sent from Bagdad and dated 26 August 1800. The letter forwards the above letters (nos. 3 and 4) between Jones and Soliman Pashaw and asks Manesty for an explanation.Physical description: 1 item (6 folios)
42. Correspondence concerning the Napoleonic Wars
- Description:
- Abstract: An abstract of the Treaty of Peace signed at Lunéville on 9 February 1801 between the French Republic and Austria [Holy Roman Empire], describing territorial changes and other peace conditions. The abstract was copied by Peter Tooke, Agent of the East India Company in Constantinople [Istanbul].Attached are:A note from Baron Minto, HM Envoy Extraordinary to Austria, dated 2 March 1801. Minto reports rumours of a French proposal for a combined Franco-Russian attack on India via Persia [Iran], and that Valerian Zubow [Valerian Aleksandrovich Zubov], commander of the 1796 expedition to Persia, has been called to Petersbourg [Saint Petersburg] to discuss this proposal.A note from Peter Tooke (undated) discussing the cession of the former Venetian islands [Ionian Islands] to the [Holy Roman] Emperor.Physical description: 1 item (2 folios)
43. Correspondence of Harford Jones
- Description:
- Abstract: This item contains copies of thirteen letters to or from Harford Jones, Resident in Bagdad [Baghdad]:1. A letter from Brigadier-General George Koehler to Harford Jones, sent from the headquarters of the Vizier [Yūsuf Ẓīa al-Dīn Pasha, Grand Vizier to the Ottoman Sulṭān] at Jaffa and dated 2 August 1800. The letter covers issues relating to the Napoleonic Wars, including support from the Pacha of Bagdad [Büyük Sulaymān Pāshā, Governor of Baghdad] for the Vizier’s campaign; developments in Europe including the capture of Malta by British and Allied forces; planned operations against the French occupation forces in Egypt; and the state of affairs in Egypt.2. A letter from Harford Jones to Captain John Malcolm, Envoy of the Governor-General of Bengal to Persia [Iran], sent from Bagdad and dated 6 October 1800. The letter reports an attack on the cossid [messenger] carrying Malcolm’s dispatches at Kerman Shah [Kermanshah] and forwards various correspondence. Jones also reports that the Acts of Union between Britain and Ireland have received Royal Assent.3. A letter from Harford Jones to Captain John Malcolm, sent from Bagdad and dated 24 October 1800. The letter forwards various correspondence, including news of the capture of Malta, and discusses arrangements for paying the expenses of Malcolm’s mission.4. A copy of a letter from Lord Elgin, HM Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, to Harford Jones, sent from Constantinople [Istanbul] and dated 28 September 1800. The letter addresses concerns raised by the Pacha of Bagdad concerning rumours of the dispatch of a British force to Bussora [Basra].5. A copy of a letter from Lord Elgin to Harford Jones, sent from Constantinople and dated 27 September 1800. The letter describes the capture of Malta by British and Allied forces, and reports developments in the Napoleonic Wars in Germany and Denmark.6. A copy of a letter from Captain John Malcolm to Harford Jones, sent from a camp near Isfahaun [Esfahan] and dated 27 September 1800. The letter reports the progress of Malcolm’s mission in Persia.7. A copy of a letter from Rear-Admiral John Blankett, Commander of the British naval squadron in the Red Sea, to Harford Jones, sent from HMS Leopardat Jedda [Jeddah] and dated 12 July 1800. The letter reports moves by the Sheriffe [Sharīf] of Mecca to assert his independence from the Porte [Government of the Ottoman Empire]. Blankett states that there is no likelihood of receiving support from the Sheriffe in the campaign against the French occupation forces in Egypt.8. A letter from Robert Rickards, Secretary to the Government of Bombay, to Harford Jones, sent from Bombay Castle [Mumbai] and dated 1 August 1800. The letter reports that the Governor of Bombay will mediate in the dispute between the Pashaw of Bagdad [Büyük Sulaymān Pāshā] and the Imaum [Imam] of Muscat [Sulṭān bin Aḥmad Āl Bū Sa’īd]. It also states that supplies and a detachment of guards have been dispatched from Bombay to the Bagdad Residency and that Jones is free either to leave or remain in Bagdad in response to the plague outbreak.9. A letter from Samuel Manesty, Resident in Bussora, to Harford Jones, sent from Bussora and dated 6 September 1800. The letter concerns rumours of the dispatch of a British force to Bussora. Manesty reports that he conceived this idea as a means of supporting the campaign against the French occupation forces in Egypt and discussed the idea with the Mussaleem [Mutasallim, Governor] of Bussora.10. A letter from Harford Jones to Samuel Manesty, sent from Bagdad and dated 28 September 1800. Jones reports that he has passed on Manesty’s explanation to the Pashaw of Bagdad.11. A letter from John Barker, Proconsul in Aleppo, to Harford Jones, sent from Aleppo and dated August 1800. The letter concerns George Anastasio, a Hungarian traveller who has arrived in Aleppo and is travelling towards India via Bagdad and Bussora.12. A letter from John Barker to Harford Jones, sent from Aleppo and dated 24 September 1800. The letter reports that General Jacques-François Menou, commanding officer of the French occupation forces in Egypt, is planning an attack on Ottoman Syria. Barker expects Syria to be overrun, expressing a lack of faith in the Ottoman army at Jaffa and describing a split in the Ottoman ranks caused by Gezzar Pasha [Aḥmad Pāshā al-Jazzār, Governor of Sidon].13. A letter from Harford Jones to Henry Fawcett, Accountant-General and Civil Auditor of the Government of Bombay, sent from Bagdad and dated 30 September 1800. The letter concerns advances of money lent by Jones to the East India Company.Attached are tables displaying account disbursements for July and August 1800 and the Company’s cash account with Jones.Physical description: 1 item (16 folios)
44. Enclosure in Sir Harford Jones's Letter No. 1 of 3 Feb 1810
- Description:
- Abstract: A translation of a letter from Hajee Mohammed Hussein Khan Ameen ed Dowlah [Muhammad Hossein Khān Amīn al-Dawlah], Second Minister of Persia [Iran], to Sir Harford Jones, HM Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Persia, received 7 January 1810. Following the conclusion of an alliance [Preliminary Treaty] with Britain, the letter reports the expulsion of the French representative Jouanin from Azarbaijan [Āzerbāījān] and the recall of Asker Khan [‘Askar Khān Afshār], Persian Ambassador to France, and asserts that Captain Charles Pasley, also present in the country as Political Agent of the Governor-General of Bengal, will be spurned by the Persian Court.Enclosed in the above are two further letters from the Ameen ed Dowlah, professing friendship and addressing Jones's bills for subsidy payments which have been rejected by the East India Company.The letter and enclosures were enclosed in Jones's Letter No. 1 to the Secret Committee of the Court of Directors of the East India Company dated 3 February 1810.Physical description: 1 item (3 folios)
45. Enclosure in Sir Harford Jones's Letter No. 5 of 26 Mar 1810
- Description:
- Abstract: A copy of a letter from Sir Harford Jones, HM Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Persia [Iran] to Lord Minto, Governor-General of Bengal, sent from Tauris [Tabrīz] and dated 30 January 1810. The letter forwards correspondence relating to the Napoleonic Wars in Europe (not included in this item).The letter was enclosed in Jones's letter No. 5 to the Secret Committee of the Court of Directors of the East India Company dated 26 March 1810.Physical description: 1 item (2 folios)
46. Enclosure in Sir Harford Jones’s letter of 14 September 1810
- Description:
- Abstract: Extracts from an anonymous letter in French dated 26 May 1810, containing reports from the Court of Russia. The letter reports Russia’s hopes for a swift end to the wars on its southern flank with Turkey [Ottoman Empire] and Persia [Iran]; the expectation of an armistice with Persia and the demand for the cession of Georgia and Erivan [Yerevan]; the expected arrival of a Persian Ambassador in Saint Petersburg; and Russia’s relations with France.The letter was enclosed in HM Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Persia [Iran], Sir Harford Jones’s secret letter of 14 September 1810, which was received on 6 February 1811.Physical description: 1 item (2 folios)
47. Enclosures in Letter No.3 from Sir Harford Jones, Envoy to Persia, to Sir Robert Dundas, President of the Board of Control
- Description:
- Abstract: Enclosures in Letter No. 3 from Sir Harford Jones, British Envoy Extraordinary to Persia [Iran], to Sir Robert Dundas, President of the Board of Control, dated March 1809, consisiting of:A letter from Jones to Lord Minto, Governor-General of Bengal, dated 18 February 1809, reporting Jones’s arrival and reception in Tehran, the departure of the French mission under General Gardane, and Jones’s expectation of beginning negotiations with Persian ministers after the commemoration of Ashooreh [Ashūrā]A declaration by Gardane dated 17 December 1807, describing Franco-Persian treaty engagements in the context of the Russo-Persian War (1804-1813) and Napoleonic War.A bulletin sent by Gardane from Tabreez [Tabrīz] describing French victories in Spain and Portugal, strong French relations with Russia, and conflict between British forces and the Maratha Confederacy in central India (in French)A letter detailing the terms of subsidy and military assistance offered by Jones to Persian ministers during negotiations in March 1809.The second and third enclosures are written in French.Physical description: 1 item (12 folios)
48. Enclosures in Sir Harford Jones's Letter No. 4 to Sir Robert Dundas, President of the Board of Control
- Description:
- Abstract: Enclosures in Letter No. 4 from Sir Harford Jones, British Envoy Extraordinary to Persia [Iran], to Sir Robert Dundas, President of the Board of Control, dated 1809. These consist of copies of letters and enclosures from General Claude-Mathieu Gardane, French Envoy to Persia, to the King [Shah] of Persia [Fath-'Ali Shāh Qājār] and Mirza Chéfy [Mīrzā Muḥammad Shafī' Māzandarānī], Prime Minister, sent from Tauris [Tabrīz], undated. The letters describe French victories in Spain and Portugal, strong relations between France and Russia, and the threat of insurrection in British-held territories in India, and urge Persia to side with France and expel the British from the country. These letters are written in French.Letters from Hājī Muhammad Husayn Khān Amīn al-Dawlah and Mīrzā Muḥammad Shafī' Māzandarānī to the East India Company, announcing the appointment of Mīrzā Abul Hassan as Persian Ambassador to London. These letters are written in Persian and were presented to the Chairman of the Court of Directors of the East India Company by the Persian Ambassador on 16 December 1809.Physical description: 1 item (8 folios)