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1. '[Letter] from the General Officer Commanding and Political Resident, Aden, to the Secretary to the Government of India in the Foreign Department, Simla'
- Description:
- Abstract: This note on the effects of the Arab rising on Aden and its hinterland, with special reference to the possible action of the Turks, was forwarded from the General Officer Commanding and Political Resident in Aden, William C Walton, to the Secretary to the Government of India in the Foreign Department. It discusses the arrangement of an uprising of Arabs against the Turks by the Sherif of Mecca [Ḥusayn bin ‘Alī al-Hāshimī], and outlines the possible effects that a rising could have on the British position in Aden and its Hinterland.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 49, and terminates at f 50, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
2. 'Arabia. Question of Future Policy, Subsidies to Chiefs, &c'
- Description:
- Abstract: This printed report consists of two notes prepared by Richard Marrs and John Evelyn Shuckburgh of the Political Department of the India Office on 19 October 1920 and 29 October 1920 respectively. These notes concern British policy, including the payment of subsidies and grants-in-aid, towards political leaders in the Arabian Peninsula, including Ibn Sa'ud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd], Ibn Rashid [‘Abdullāh bin Mut‘ib Āl Rashīd], and the Sharif of Mecca, Hussain [Ḥusayn bin ‘Alī al-Hāshimī], and his son Faisal [Fayṣal bin Ḥusayn al-Hāshimī], and the Idrisi amir of Asir.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation for this description commences at folio 149 and terminates at folio 150, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between folios 7-147 of the volume; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.
3. ‘Persian Gulf. Reports by the Resident in the- of the Conclusion of peace between the Wahabee Chief and Shureff of Mecca.’
- Description:
- Abstract: The item consists of copies and extracts of correspondence cited in, or enclosed with, a Political Letter from the Government of Bombay to the East India Company Court of Directors, 30 September 1847. A copy of this Political Letter can be found at IOR/F/4/2238/112322, alongside details of further enclosures. The item is the twenty-third in a series of fifty-nine items on events in the Persian Gulf.The item contains a letter from Major Samuel Hennell, Resident in the Persian Gulf, to the Government of Bombay, dated 19 July 1847. Hennell reports that peace has been concluded between Ameer Fysul, the Wahabee Chief [Amīr Fayṣal bin Turkī bin ‘Abdullāh Āl Sa‘ūd, leader of the Wahhābī], and Ben Aoon, the Shureef of Mecca [Muḥammad bin ‘Abd al-Mu‘īn bin ‘Awn, Sharīf of Mecca]. He includes brief details of the terms of the peace and comments that the favourable terms for Ben Aoon suggest that earlier reports of the success of Ameer Fysul’s attack on Ben Aoon’s forces must have been exaggerated.The title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Bombay Political Department’, ‘Draft No. 345/48’, ‘Collection No. 2 of No. 118, Vol: 23.’ and ‘Examiner’s Office’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 378, and terminates at f 380, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
4. ‘Persian Gulf. Advance into Nadjd of a Force under the command of Bin Aoon, and Ameer Khaled-’
- Description:
- Abstract: The item consists of copies and extracts of correspondence cited in, or enclosed with, a Political Letter from the Government of Bombay to the East India Company Court of Directors, 30 September 1847. A copy of this Political Letter can be found at IOR/F/4/2238/112322, alongside details of further enclosures. The item is the twentieth in a series of fifty-nine items on events in the Persian Gulf.The item contains a letter from Major Samuel Hennell, Resident in the Persian Gulf, to the Government of Bombay, dated 8 June 1847. Hennell reports intelligence that a force under command of Bin Aoon the Shureef of Mecca [Muḥammad bin ‘Abd al-Mu‘īn bin ‘Awn, Sharīf of Mecca] and Ameer Khaled ben Saood [Amīr Khālid bin Sa‘ūd] has advanced into Nedjd [Najd] and communicated to Ameer Fysul the Wahabee Chief [Amīr Fayṣal bin Turkī bin ‘Abdullāh Āl Sa‘ūd, leader of the Wahhābī] that if he wishes to continue governing Nedjd he must pay an annual tribute to the Porte [Government of the Ottoman Empire]. Hennell further reports that Ameer Fysul replied he was authorised to govern the region by Mahomed Ally Pasha [Muḥammad ‘Alī Pāshā] and would resist any further advances until he had heard from his superior. Hennell states that the ‘general impression’ is that Ameer Fysul would not be able to successfully resist the invading force.The title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Bombay Political Department’, ‘Draft No. 345/48’, ‘Collection No. 2 of No. 118, Vol: 20.’ and ‘Examiner’s Office’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 366, and terminates at f 368, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
5. ‘Persian Gulf. Attack by the Head of the Wahabee on the army of the Sherriff of Mecca.’
- Description:
- Abstract: The item consists of copies and extracts of correspondence cited in, or enclosed with, a Political Letter from the Government of Bombay to the East India Company Court of Directors, 30 September 1847. A copy of this Political Letter can be found at IOR/F/4/2238/112322, alongside details of further enclosures. The item is the twenty-second in a series of fifty-nine items on events in the Persian Gulf.The item contains a report from the Agent at Bahrein [Bahrain, also rendered in text as Bahreen] to Major Samuel Hennell, Resident in the Persian Gulf, dated 9 July 1847. The Agent reports that Ameer Fysul, head of the Wahabees [Amīr Fayṣal bin Turkī bin ‘Abdullāh Āl Sa‘ūd, leader of the Wahhābī], led a successful attack against the forces of Ben Aoon, Sheriff of Mecca [Muḥammad bin ‘Abd al-Mu‘īn bin ‘Awn, Sharīf of Mecca] at Nedjd [Najd]. This took place after Ameer Fysul received confirmation from Abbas Pasha [ʿAbbās Pāshā] at Alexandria that Ben Aoon’s expedition had not been authorised by the Turkish [Ottoman Empire] Government. Hennell forwards this report to the Government of Bombay, conveying his doubts that Ben Aoon would have undertaken such a sizeable expedition without prior authorisation.The title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Bombay Political Department’, ‘Draft No. 345/48’, ‘Collection No. 2 of No. 118, Vol: 22.’ and ‘Examiner’s Office’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 374, and terminates at f 377, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
6. 'Middle East Committee. Note prepared for meeting of 12th January 1918. Sir M. Sykes's memorandum on the Palestine and West Arabian situation'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file consists of a note, dated 10 January 1918, written by John Evelyn Shuckburgh (Political Department, India Office) on a memorandum written by Sir Mark Sykes on the Palestine and West Arabian situation. The note was prepared for a meeting of the Middle East Committee. Shuckburgh comments on statements made by Sykes, and provides an account of the latest developments and plans for the region. A section is included on policy in regards to Bin Saud [Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd ] (Wahabi Emir of Nejd), and tensions with King Husain [Hussein bin Ali] (Sharif and Emir of Mecca). Recommendations for action are given.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 28, and terminates at f 30, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 28-30; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
7. ‘WAR DIARY. ARMY HEADQUARTERS, INDIA. […] I.E.F. “D”. Volume 20. PART II. (From 16th to 31st March 1916.)’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains a chronological list of brief summaries of papers relating to the activities of the Indian Expeditionary Force D (also known as the Mesopotamia Expeditionary Force) between 16 and 31 March 1916. This is accompanied by appendices containing copies and extracts of these papers, which include: telegrams, letters, tables, and memoranda containing instructions and reports.The volume mostly relates to:Reinforcements and supplies for Force D, including: weapons; ammunition; river craft; land vehicles; airplanes; animals; clothing; hospitals; chemicals; and tentsStaff movements, salaries, promotions and status (e.g. sick, wounded, discharged, dead)Prisoners of warSituation in Turkey, in particular the anti-German feeling and Russian advancesUpdates from the Tigris line, especially around Kut [Al-Kut] and Hannah [Umm al Hannah] and with particular attention paid to the impact of floodingUpdates from the Euphrates lineOperations by the Russians in the Caucasus regionDetails of Turkish [Ottoman] forces, including: proposals for negotiations; distributions (ff 65-66); changes in command; and movements of troopsSupply of weapons to Bin Sa’ud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān Āl Sa’ūd]Lines of communication and requests for more detailed intelligenceDiscussions about Sharif [Al-Ḥusayn bin ‘Alī al-Hāshimī, Sharīf of Mecca], including: his plans; requests he has made of Great Britain; whether his policies for Arabia and Syria should be adopted in MesopotamiaProposals for the formation of a Base Depot at Basrah [Basra]Articles published in England and in the Gulf.The volume also includes:Distributions of Force D: on 5 March (ff 10-12); 12 March (ff 101-104); 26 March (ff 149-152); as of 29 March (ff 185-191); at 19 March (ff 199-202)Appreciations [reports] by General Charles Townshend (ff 15-16) and General George Gorringe (f 22)Appreciations from the Directorate of Military Operations summarising the situation in Mesopotamia on 20 March (ff 55-56) and 27 March (ff 147-149)Announcement by the Maharajah [Mahārājā] of Kolhapur in support of soldiers eating horse meat (f 161)‘Statement showing the strength of reinforcements and details for Basrah which embarked at Bombay [Mumbai] and Karachi’ (ff 211-225).The vast majority of material in the volume dates from March 1916, with the exception of quoted excerpts from a newspaper, dated 17 January 1916.A summary of the contents of this volume can be found at the start of IOR/L/MIL/17/5/3248.Physical description: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 227; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 3-225; these numbers are printed and are located in the bottom centre of the recto side of each folio.Dimensions: 21 x 33cm
8. 'The Seven Independent Arabian States [Yemen, ‘Asir, Hijaz, Najd, Kuwait, Jabal Shammar and al-Jawf]'
- Description:
- Abstract: This confidential memorandum, printed by the Foreign Office in May 1935 is a report by William John Childs concerning the seven independent Arabian states or autonomous areas. The report contains an introduction that states that the 'purpose of the paper is to give a brief outline each of the seven independent Arabian states', listed on folio 316, 'at the time of the Arab rising against the Turks in June 1916'.The report is divided into sections covering each state as follows:'The Imamate of Yemen ruled by Imam Yahya [Yaḥyá Muḥammad Ḥamīd al-Dīn]' (folio 316);'The Principate of Asir ruled by the Idrisi [Sayyid Muḥammad bin ‘Alī al-Idrīsi]' (folios 316-317);'The Emirate of Mecca (or the Hejaz) ruled by Husein [Ḥusayn bin ‘Alī al-Hāshimī], Emir and Sherif of Mecca' (folios 317-319);'Emirate of Nejd [Najd] ruled by Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd], Emir of Riyadh' (folios 319-323);'The Sheikhdom of Koweit [Kuwait] ruled by the Sheikh of Koweit [Mubārak bin Ṣabāḥ]' (folio 323v);'The Emirate of Jebel Shammar [Jabal Shammar] (or Hail [Ḥā’il]) ruled by the Emir of Hail [Sa‘ūd bin ‘Abd al-‘Azīz Āl Rashīd]' (folios 323-324)'Jauf-el-Amir [Jawf al-Amīr, under the rule of Nūrī bin Sha‘lān]' (folio 324v).A footnote on folio 316 records: 'This memorandum was prepared by the late Mr. William John Childs and found among his papers. A few modifications and additions have been made to bring it up to date'.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation for this description commences at folio 315, and terminates at folio 325, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, a re circles, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between folios 4-327; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.
9. Letters between Harford Jones and Lord Elgin
- Description:
- Abstract: Copies of five letters between Lord Elgin, HM Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, and Harford Jones, Resident in Bagdad [Baghdad]:1. A letter from Elgin to Jones, sent from Constantinople [Istanbul] and dated 16 November 1799. The letter announces Elgin’s arrival in Constantinople and assumption of his duties, offers assistance, and asks for information regarding Bagdad and Persia [Iran]. A duplicate of this letter can be found in IOR/L/PS/9/76/103.2. A letter from Elgin to Jones, sent from Constantinople and dated 21 December 1799. The letter orders Jones not to open or read any letter addressed to Elgin from India. A duplicate of this letter can be found in IOR/L/PS/9/76/103.3. A letter from Elgin to Jones, sent from Constantinople and dated 21 December 1799. Elgin renounces the use of cyphers in his communications with India. A duplicate of this letter is catalogued as IOR/L/PS/9/76/104.4. A letter from Jones to Elgin, sent from Bagdad and dated 17 January 1800. The letter reports the transit of Elgin’s dispatches to India via Bagdad and Bussora [Basra] and congratulates Elgin on his appointment as Ambassador. Jones also outlines the policy of the British Government in India towards Persia [Iran], reports on events in Afghanistan, and describes British interests in Bagdad. It also reports a rumour that the Shereef [Sharīf] of Mecca has offered to read the khutbeh [Friday prayer sermon] in the name of Baba Khan [Fatḥ-‘Alī Shāh Qājār, Shāh of Persia] instead of the Grand Signior [Sulṭān of the Ottoman Empire] in exchange for money. A duplicate of this letter can be found in IOR/L/PS/9/76/105.5. A letter from Jones to Elgin, sent from Bagdad and dated 17 January 1800. Jones acknowledges the receipt of Elgin’s letter of 21 December and pledges not to open or read letters addressed to Elgin from India as instructed. A duplicate of this letter can be found in IOR/L/PS/9/76/107.Physical description: 1 item (6 folios)
10. Letters from John Blankett to Harford Jones
- Description:
- Abstract: Copies of four letters from Rear-Admiral John Blankett, Commander of the British naval squadron in the Red Sea, to Harford Jones, Resident in Bagdad [Baghdad], sent from HMS Leopardin Mocha Roads and dated 16 April-20 June 1799.Blankett forwards information collected from around the Red Sea and the Gulf concerning the French Revolutionary Wars, including: the strength and disposition of the French forces occupying Egypt; the possibility of French military action in the Red Sea; the French attack on Gaza; the arrival of French forces at Ghenna [Qena]; and population flight from Cosire [Al Qusayr].The correspondence also covers subjects including: the occupation of Perim Island by British forces from Bombay [Mumbai]; the attitude of the Shereef [Sharīf] of Mecca towards the war and France, including reports of trade in coffee with French-occupied Egypt; communications between Mecca and Tippoo Sultan [Tīpū Sulṭān of Mysore]; and the internal politics of Mecca.Duplicates of the first three letters and part of the fourth letter are catalogued as IOR/L/PS/9/76/82. A duplicate of the remaining part of the fourth letter is catalogued as IOR/L/PS/9/76/86.Physical description: 1 item (4 folios)
11. Letter from John Blankett to Harford Jones
- Description:
- Abstract: Part of a letter from Rear-Admiral John Blankett, Commander of the British naval squadron in the Red Sea, to Harford Jones, Resident in Bagdad [Baghdad], sent from HMS Leopardin Mocha Roads and dated 20 June 1799.The letter concerns the Government of Mecca, in particular the attitude of the Shereef [Sharīf] towards France. It discusses reports of trade in coffee between Mecca and French-occupied Egypt, reports of communications between Mecca and Tippoo Sultan [Tīpū Sulṭān of Mysore], and the internal politics of Mecca.The first part of the letter can be found in IOR/L/PS/9/76/82. A copy of the full letter can be found in IOR/L/PS/9/76/87.This letter was enclosed in Jones’s letter to John Spencer Smith, Minister Plenipotentiary in Constantinople [Istanbul], dated 23 September 1799 (IOR/L/PS/9/76/84 and 85).Physical description: 1 item (2 folios)
12. Letter from John Blankett to Harford Jones
- Description:
- Abstract: A copy of a letter from Rear-Admiral John Blankett, Commander of the British naval squadron in the Red Sea, to Harford Jones, Resident in Bagdad [Baghdad], sent from HMS Leopardat Jedda [Jeddah] and dated 30 June 1800.The letter introduces Lieutenant Richard Tanvarine, whom Blankett has sent to Bagdad with dispatches to be forwarded to the Ambassador in Constantinople [Istanbul]. The letter also describes the Sheriffe [Sharīf] of Mecca’s pivot towards the French occupation powers in Egypt and moves towards asserting his independence from the Porte [Ottoman Empire].A duplicate of this letter is catalogued as IOR/L/PS/9/76/133.Physical description: 1 item (2 folios)
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