Abstract: This file contains correspondence related to the development of education in Bahrain. In particular, the correspondence discusses a proposal by C.R.L Adrian-Vallance to establish a college of higher education in Bahrain for students from all of the Arab states of the Gulf.Adrian-Vallance proposed this idea as a means to combat Pan-Arab/anti-British sentiment and foster a sense of Gulf identity distinct from a broader Arab identity. A letter (from Adrian-Vallance to Charles Belgrave, Shaikh Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa's adviser) that outlines his plan for the college is contained on ff. 7 - 15.The file also includes a detailed report on government education in Bahrain with proposals for reform (written by Adrian-Vallance in 1939) contained on ff. 52b - 126, a report on technical education in Bahrain (written by Geoffrey E. Hutchings in 1940) contained on ff. 160 - 192 and a report written by Adrian-Vallance in May 1940 that gives an update on the progress made in education in Bahrain since his appointment as Director of Education in the country in November 1939.The file also contains correspondence regarding Adrian-Vallance's appointment as Director of Education in Bahrain, including a copy of his contract with Shaikh Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa.Physical description: A bound correspondence volume. The main foliation sequence starts at the titlepage and terminates at the 4th sheet from the back of the volume; these numbers are written in pencil and can be found in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.An incomplete second foliation sequence (53-119) runs between ff 53-225 with a gap between ff 86-87; these numbers are also written in pencil and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.Foliation errors: 1A, 1B and 1C; 52a and 52b.
Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, statements, and resolutions cited in, or enclosed with, political letters from the Government of Bombay. The principal correspondents are: the Government of Bombay; the Imaum of Muscat [Imam of Muscat, Sayyid Sa‘īd bin Sulṭān Āl Bū Sa‘īd], Captain William Fitzwilliam Owen; the Governor of Mauritius, Sir Lowry Cole; the Chieftain of Bombassa, Sooleman Ibn Ali Muzroee [Sultan of Mombasa, Sulayman ibn ‘Ali al-Mazru‘i].The item concerns the actions of Captain Owen of HMS
Leven. While surveying the east coast of Africa, he accepted the cession of Bombassa [Mombasa]. The Chieftain of Bombassa wanted British protection against the Imaum of Muscat, offering half his revenues in return. The item consists of:The Imaum’s complaints that Bombassa is part of his territory and Owen prevented him from attacking itThe Imaum’s complaints that ships belonging to his subjects carrying slaves were intercepted by the BritishThe evidence that the British collected about the Imaum’s claim to sovereignty over BombassaThe decision whether to accept Bombassa as a British Protectorate or not. The Board of Control ruled that it should be left alone.The item includes a contents page, and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Political No. 870, Draft 392, P.C. 276, Examiner’s Office March 1823’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 28, and terminates at f 79, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains an original pagination sequence.
Abstract: The item consists of copies and extracts of correspondence, minutes and resolutions cited in, or enclosed with, letters from the Government of Bombay.The item is concerned with the assassination of Ali Pasha, Governor of Bagdad [Baghdad], and the interference of Samuel Manesty, Resident at Bussorah [Basra], in the nomination of the new Governor by the Ottoman Court. In particular, the item relates to:The Government of Bombay's criticism of Manesty for abandoning a neutral position by promising his support for the nomination of Soliman Bacha [Sulayman] as the new Governor of BagdadReports on the circumstances of the assassination of Ali PashaManesty's accounts of his conversations with the Mussaleem [Mussallim] of Bagdad regarding the Mussaleem's plans for becoming the Governor of Bagdad in the event of Soliman Bacha's deathThe Government of Bombay's strong protests to Manesty's proposals to travel to Constantinople [Istanbul] in order to address the Ottoman Ministry against the permanent installation of Eusuf Bacha [Yusuf Ziyaeddin Pasha], the temporary Governor of BagdadManesty's opinions that the placement of a 'Contstantinople Turk' in the role of Governor of Bagdad would be disastrous for the East India Company's interests in the area and that the French are supporting the nomination of Eusuf Bacha in order to easily pass through the region into Persia [Iran] and then IndiaManesty's proposals that, in the event of Eusuf Bacha being permanently installed as Governor of Bagdad and this being a result of French influence, he will barricade the river at Bussorah to prevent the entry or exit of any French vesselsConfirmation from the Acting Resident at Bagdad that Soliman Bacha has succeeded Ali Pasha as the new Governor of Bagdad due to Eusuf Bacha declining the offer from the Porte [Government of the Ottoman Empire].The correspondence is mainly between the Government of Bombay and the Resident at Bussorah. The other correspondents included are: John Hine, Acting Resident at Bagdad; Francis Warden, Secretary to Government, Bombay; Neil Benjamin Edmonstone, Secretary to the Supreme Government at Fort William.The title page of the item contains the following references: 'Political No. 18, Season 1814/15, Draft 20, Para 73' and 'Examiner's Office November & December 1808'.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 59 and terminates at f 98, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains an original pagination sequence.
Abstract: This item consist of letters, extracts of letters, and a copy of dispatches between, principally, the Court of Directors of the East India Company and the Secret Committee of the Government of Bombay regarding the proceedings in consequence of the death of the Persian Ambassador, Haji Khali Khan [Ḥājjī Khalīl Khān], in Bombay on 20 July 1802.The item contains discussion of the details of the death of the Ambassador of Persia in Bombay and its aftermath, including the following: the causes of death; the assignation of Sir John Malcolm as a diplomatic contact for the Shah of Persia, to preserve good communications between Persia and Britain after the incident; and reports from John Malcolm. In addition to correspondence, the item includes a statement of the pension for the son of the Persian Ambassador (f 251).Notable correspondents include the following: the Secretary to the Governor General; the Governor of Bombay, Jonathan Duncan; the Court of Directors of the East India Company; the Secret Committee of the Government of Bombay; the Governor General of Bengal, Richard Wellesley; Samuel Manesty; and Sir John Malcolm.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 217, and terminates at f 254, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.
Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, consultations, and resolutions cited in, or enclosed with, political letters from the Government of Bombay. It is the third in a series of three items about a negotiation by William Bruce (the others are IOR/F/4/894/23288 and 23289). The principal correspondents are the Government of Bombay and Lieutenant John McLeod, Resident in the Persian Gulf.The item concerns the following subjects:The potential hostilities between Muscat and PersiaMuscat’s capture of Meerza Baukir Auhee [Mirza Baqir Ahi], a minister of the Prince-Governor of Fārs, and the governors of Bunder Abbass ['Bandar-e ʻAbbās] and MinanThe enforcement of the General Treaty of Maritime Peace of 1819, particularly the system of registers and the difficulty of distinguishing piracy from maritime warfareComplaints of Sooltan bin Suggur [Shaikh Sulṭān bin Ṣaqr al-Qāsimī], ruler of Ra's al-Khaymah and Sharjah, at having to destroy his fortificationsNegotiations between Persia and Muscat over leasing Bunder Abbass and attacking Bahrein [Bahrain] in conjunction with bin SuggurMoving the rendezvous for cruisers from Moghoo Bay [Moghūyeh] to Bassedar [Bāsaʻīdū]The deaths of McLeod, Dr Edward Milward, Captain John F Soilleux and Mr Sturmey, and the appointment of Lieutenant Colonel Ephraim Gerrish Stannus to succeed McLeod, R C Money’s appointment as his assistant, and J P Rich’s appointment as surgeon to the Residency, succeeding Milward.The item includes a contents page, and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘[Political] No. 2, Draft 293, P.C. 362, [Season] 26/7’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 4, and terminates at f 60, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains an original pagination sequence.
Abstract: This file consists of a number of printed reports relating to the arbitration over the granting of French flags to Muscat dhows:A printed report in 1904 by the Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, India, relating to the arbitration on the issue of French flags to Omani dhows. An agreement between Britain and France in 1862 committed both governments to respect the independence of the Sultan of Muscat.Reply on behalf of the Government of His Britannic Majesty to the Supplementary Conclusions, presented on behalf of the Government of the French Republic and admitted by the tribunal on July 25, 1905.The verdict (in French) of the arbitration tribunal.Treaty Series (No. 3, 1905) - Agreements between the United Kingdom and France referring to arbitration the question of the grant of the French flag to Muscat Dhows.The section on the geography of Oman (ff 58-59A) discusses the French claim with reference to Kiepert's map of 1850. Includes a sketch map of the Persian Gulf and Arabian Coast (folio 91A).Physical description: Description: The foliation sequence commences at the title page and terminates at the last folio; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Foliation errors: 1, and 1A; 50, and 50A; 59, and 59A; 84, and 84A-C; 88, and 88A; 91, and 91A. Pagination: A number of original typed pagination sequences are also located in the file.
Abstract: Memorandum, written by Sir Frederic Arthur Hirtzel, dated 25 May 1916, examining the implications of war with Turkey on Great Britain particularly the importance to Germany of a Turco-Ottoman alliance and the integrity of the Ottoman Empire, and the corresponding importance of its dissolution to Great Britain.The memorandum discusses Germany's need for raw materials and its realisation that supplies from Asiatic Turkey may take years to establish; the German threat to the Suez Canal and the Dardanelles; the threat to India from Mesopotamia; the dangers of Pan-islamism; the potential risks of waging war on a Moslem [Muslim] power, particularly given British relations in the Persian Gulf; and the possible outcomes of the war with Germany and the likely position of Turkey in relation to them.Enclosed with the memorandum are two appendices:Appendix I: Extract from an article by Dr Hans Delbrück in the
Schwäbische Merkur17 May 1916, summarising the German ideal of 'weltpolitik' (world policy);Appendix II: Extract memorandum by Sir Mark Sykes on "The problem of the Near East", dated 20 June 1916.Sir Frederic Arthur Hirtzel is not named on the memorandum as its author, however IOR/L/PS/18/B234 refers to him as its author.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation for this description commences at folio 51 and terminates at folio 54, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in the volume; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.
Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, minutes, and consultations cited in, or enclosed with, political letters from the Government of Bombay. These political letters appear in IOR/F/4/2174/105546. It is the thirty-third in a series of forty-five items on the Persian Gulf.The correspondents are: the Government of Bombay; Major Samuel Hennell, Resident in the Persian Gulf; Hajee Jassim [Ḥājjī Jāsim], British Agent at Bahrein [Bahrain]; and Shaik Mahomed bin Khuleefa [Shaikh Muḥammad bin Khalīfah Āl Khalīfah], Chief [Ruler] of Bahrein.The item concerns affairs in Bahrein, and in particular:The blockading of Kateef [Al-Qatif] by the Amaeer [al-‘Amāyir] tribe, who are supported by Shaik Mahomed bin KhuleefaThe communications received by Shaik Mahomed bin Khuleefa from Ameer Fysul [Amīr Fayṣal bin Turkī bin ‘Abdullāh Āl Sa‘ūd] the Wahabee [Wahhābī] Chief (also referred to in the item as the Ruler of Nedgd [Najd]).The item contains a table of contents (f 604), and the title page (f 603) contains the following references: ‘P C [Previous Communication] 5507, Coll. 7, Vol. 33’, ‘D/t 197/47’, ‘Collection No. 2 of No. 119’ and ‘Examiner’s Office’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 603 and terminates at f 611, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence and consultations cited in, or enclosed with, political letters from the Government of Bombay. These political letters appear in IOR/F/4/2376/126162. The correspondents are: the Government of Bombay; Major Samuel Hennell, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; and Commodore John Porter, Senior Naval Officer in the Persian Gulf. It is the fifth in a series of fifteen items on the Persian Gulf.The item concerns Porter’s report of his cruise around the Persian Gulf, including relations between the shaikhs of Debaye [Dubai], Aboothabee [Abu Dhabi] and Bhrymee [Al Buraymi], and the future intentions of Fisal bin Turky [Amīr Fayṣal bin Turkī bin ‘Abdullāh Āl Sa‘ūd]. The item also mentions an enslaved man who ran away from an Aboothabee boat, and two Joasmee [al-Qawāsim] boats which were forced by bad weather to put in at Khor Fakaun [Khawr Fakkan] and subsequently detained there by forces belonging to the Imam of Muscat.The item contains a contents page and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Draft no 745 of 1850’, and ‘Coll[ection] No 5’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 65, and terminates at f 69 as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, minutes, and consultations cited in, or enclosed with, political letters from the Government of Bombay. These political letters appear in IOR/F/4/2302/118727. The correspondents are: the Government of Bombay; Major Samuel Hennell, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the British Agent at Shiraz [Mīrzā Muḥammad]; and Mollah Houssin [Mullā Ḥusayn], British Agent at Shargah [Sharjah]. It is the nineteenth in a series of fifty-one items on the Persian Gulf.This item concerns:An attack on a fishing boat from Bahrein [Bahrain] and a ghooncha [ghanja] from Koweit [Kuwait] by some men from the Howajer [al-Hawājir] tribe and the group’s capture by Shaik Alli bin Khuleefa [Shaikh ‘Alī bin Khalīfah Āl Khalīfah]The reconciliation of the Governor of Fars, Houssein Khan [Muḥammad Ḥusayn Khān Muqaddam Marāgha’i] with the Eel Begee [I̅l-Begī, deputy to the leader of the Bakhtīyarī tribe]The siege of Brymee [Al Buraymi] by Saeed ben Tahnoon [Shaikh Sa‘īd bin Ṭaḥnūn Āl Nahyān of Abu Dhabi]Plans by Sheik Sultan ben Suggur [Shaikh Sulṭān I bin Ṣaqr al-Qāsimī of Ra’s al-Khaymah] and Sheik Mukhtoom [Shaikh Maktūm I bin Buṭṭī Āl Bū Falāsah of Dubai] to relieve Brymee, which were not executedReinforcements sent to Brymee by Ameer Fysul bin Turkee [Amīr Fayṣal bin Turkī bin ‘Abdullāh Āl Sa‘ūd].The item contains a contents page and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Collection No 2 of No 144’, ‘Coll[ection]: 17’ and ‘Draft no 465 of 49’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 480, and terminates at f 493, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
Abstract: This memorandum concerns British relations with Turkey in the Persian Gulf and was written by Frederic Arthur Hirtzel in December 1910. The immediate question it addresses is 'the desirability of concluding a treaty with a Sheikh or Sheikhs of the El Katr [Qatar] peninsula as a bulwark against Turkish aggression' and comments on a telegram by Percy Zachariah Cox. It is divided into three parts; the first part assesses the general Anglo-Turkish situation in the Gulf and examines anti-British and pro-German developments as Constantinople.The second part concurs that the publication of the secret agreement with Shaikh Mubarak bin Sabah of Koweit [Kuwait] is necessary to clarify matters and lists settlements claimed by the Shaikh of Koweit. The third part argues that having achieved that they should make treaties on the lines of Trucial Coast agreements with 'Bin Thani' [Shaikh Jāsim bin Muḥammad Āl Thānī]. The memorandum discusses how such an agreement would be justifiable because by excluding foreign powers it would maintain the status quo.The memorandum concludes that it was desirable to conclude treaties with the Qatar tribes and that this would require giving them a guarantee against Turkish aggression.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the first folio, and terminates at the last folio; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: An original printed pagination sequence is also present in the booklet.
Abstract: This file consists of a memorandum of British relations with Khazal Khan, Shaikh of Mohammerah. The memorandum describes the inter-acting strategies over time of Khazal, the British Government and the Government of Persia, and reproduces the texts of British assurances of support given to Khazal. The memorandum goes on to describe Khazal's arrest and detention by Reza Shah in Tehran, and his death there eleven years later.The memorandum was written by Hugh K Grey, Foreign Office, in response to a claim made by Khazal's eldest son that British assurances given to his late father should pass over to him.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 12; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.