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25. 'File 1/18 I Major Head:- Political. Subject:- Sultan of Najd's Relations with Iraq.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file deals with political relations between the Sultan of Nejd [Najd] (from 1926 King of Hejaz and Nejd) [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] (commonly referred to in the papers as Bin Saud or Ibn Saud) and the state of Iraq, specifically in terms of raids by Najdi tribesmen into Iraq (and Kuwait), and the British response to those raids.The correspondence is mainly between the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf and the Political Agent, Bahrain (also spelled Bahrein). There is also correspondence from Bin Saud; Abdulaziz Algosaibi & Company, Bahrain; and other British officials in the region. Enclosures to correspondence from the Political Resident to the Political Agent, Bahrain include copies of correspondence with the Political Agent, Kuwait; the office of the High Commissioner, Iraq; the Colonial Office, London; the Government of India; Bin Saud; and other British officials in the region.The papers cover the following:reports on raids by Akhwan [Ikhwān] tribesmen, especially the Mutair, and their effect on Mesopotamian desert tribes;role in the raids of Akhwan leader Faisal al Dawish [Fayṣal al-Dawīsh];attack by Mutair on Busaiyah [al-Başīyah] in Iraq, November 1927;the response of the British to the attacks, e.g. permission from the Secretary of State for the Colonies for British aircraft to pursue Akhwan raiders across Nejd, November 1927;diplomatic contact between Bin Saud and the British via Abdul Aziz Gusaibi [‘Abd al-‘Azīz al-Quṣaybī], Abdulaziz Algosaibi & Company, Bahrain;implications for Bin Saud and the Akhwan of the construction by Iraq Government of a fortified post at Busaiyah (e.g. folio 171);notes of conversations between the High Commissioner for Iraq and his Counsellor and Shaikh Hafidh Wahba [Hāfiẓ Wahbah] (folios 308-315), February 1928;raid on Kuwait, January 1928, including involvement of Royal Air Force (RAF), use by Kuwaiti forces of motor cars against tribesmen, and requests by the Shaikh of Kuwait for purchase of machine guns and Lewis guns (folio 367) and advice on how to convert motor cars into armoured cars (folio 368), February 1928.The date range indicates the covering dates of the main run of correspondence within the file. However, the earliest document is dated 27 November 1925 (enclosure to letter dated 12 December 1925).The Arabic content of the file consists of approximately fifty folios of correspondence (with translations into English) from Abdulaziz Algosaibi & Company, Bahrain; the Political Agency, Bahrain; and Bin Saud.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 383; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 7-37; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence.
26. 'File 1/18 II Major Head:- Political. Subject:- Sultan of Najd's relations with Iraq.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file deals with political relations between the King of Hejaz and Najd [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] (commonly referred to in the papers as Bin Saud or Ibn Saud) and the states of Iraq and Kuwait, particularly in terms of raids by Akhwan [Ikhwān] tribes from Najd.The correspondence is mainly between the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Lieutenant-Colonel Lionel Berkeley Holt Haworth) and the Political Agent, Bahrain (also spelled Bahrein, Major Cyril Charles Johnson Barrett). There is also correspondence between British officials and Bin Saud. Enclosures to correspondence from the Political Resident include copies of correspondence with the Political Agent, Kuwait; the office of the High Commissioner, Iraq; the Colonial Office, London; the Government of India; the Senior Naval Officer in the Persian Gulf; and other British officials in the region.The papers cover the following:disputes over border posts in Iraq;diplomatic contact between the British and Bin Saud;report on Bin Saud and the Iraqi press (folios 27-28);activities of Faisal ad Dawish [Fayṣal al-Dawīsh] and other Akhwan leaders;raids by Akhwan tribes, especially Mutair and Ajman;activities of the Royal Navy and Royal Indian Marine to protect Kuwait;activities of the Royal Air Force (RAF) to protect Kuwait;use of air reconnaissance against tribes;the British response to the raids, including the need to protect British subjects and British property in Kuwait (e.g. folio 79);note on Bin Saud by Barrett, 3 March 1928 (folios 134-140);use of cars, aeroplanes and armoured cars to defend against attacks by Akhwan;threat to British oil supplies (folios 192-194);descriptions of plunder taken by Akhwan from desert tribes (donkeys, sheep, goats etc.);Akhwan 'jehad' [jihad] against non-Akhwan tribes (e.g. folios 209-210);provision by British of machine guns and Lewis guns for defence of Kuwait (e.g. folio 234);threat of extension of conflict to Trans-Jordan (folio 310).The Arabic content of the file consists of approximately ten folios of correspondence, mainly copies of letters from the Political Agent, Bahrain.The date range gives the covering dates of the main run of correspondence. The earliest document in the file is an enclosure to the first item of correspondence and is dated 28 January 1928.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 454; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 7-453; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence.
27. 'The situation in Turkey, 15th March, 1920'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file details the situation in Turkey as of 15 March 1920, and presents the potential consequences, for both the Turks and the Allies, of presenting Turkey with a peace treaty which is too severe. It is Written by the General Staff, War Office. It is broken down into two parts and 4 appendices as follows:'Part I – Information';'Part II – Operations';'Appendix A' – Table of Allied units and strength broken down by nation and location;'Appendix B' – Table of present personnel and equipment of the Armenian army;'Appendix C' – Table of the location of the Turkish army and armaments officially reported by the Turks;'Appendix D' – Report recording the impressions of a British lieutenant-colonel who, during December and January, 1919-20, made a tour of the Turkish side of the Greek Line around Smyrna.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the first folio with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 8; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
28. 'REPORTS ON MINOR OPERATONS IN SOUTH PERSIA UNDER Brigadier-General Sir P. M. Sykes, K.C.I.E, C.M.G., from May to July 1918. GENERAL STAFF INDIA'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume consists of reports on minor military operations in 'South Persia' contained in a despatch from the Inspector General, South Persia Rifles (Percy Molesworth Sykes) to the Chief of the General Staff, Army Headquarters, Simla. The reports recount operations against Labu Muhammadis, Chehar Radis and other 'robber tribes' of 'Northern Fars' and against the 'Saulat-ud-Daulah', Il Khani of the Qashqais', and 'Nasr-I-Divan Kalantar of Kazarun'. Many of the reports included were by the Deputy Inspector General, South Persia Rifles (Colonel Ernest Frederick Orton).There follow individual reports from commanding officers detailing the units involved, topography of the land on which the military operations took place, the villages and tribes attacked, description of military operation, tables of operational logistics and casualties sustained on both sides.The volume contains 17 maps and plans of the towns and villages attacked in the operations, giving such information as relief, settlement, hydrology, lines of communication and progress of battle:'Plan of villages - CHAH-HAQ and MIAN DASHT, CHAHAR-RAHI PUNITIVE EXPEDITION. APRIL, 1918' (folio 4)'ACTION OF DEH SHAIKH. 25th May 1918.' (folio 15)'Fight at DEH SHAIKH Map (17. C. B. 2.4.6) 25th May 1918.' (folio 17)'ACTION OF DEH SHAIKH. 25th May 1918. Decisive attack from Gardaneh Sagavi Kutal, 3 p.m.' (folio 18)'PLAN OF NEIGHBOURHOOD SHIRAZ' (folio 23)'AFIFABAD POST As when occupied by detachment on 9-6-18.' (folio 24)'Action of BULVARDI, near SHIRAZ. June 27th 1918.' (folio 30)'Action at CHINARINAZ (10th May 1918)' (folio 39)'ACTION NEAR HERAT-I-KHURREH' (11th May 1918) GUDAR-I-PIRZAD.' (folio 41)'PLAN SHEWING HILLS SOUTH OF ZIARAT VILLAGE.' (folio 43)'ACTION OF ZIARAT, SARCHAHAN VALLEY; 13-5-1918. From Khunsar River (folio 44)'ACTION OF KUH-I-KHAN. Against Charrahis 16-5-1918. From hill 1200 feet above , and N. of valley; looking South.' (folio 47)'ACTION OF CHINAR RAHDAR. 7th July 1918. Situation at 5-30 a. m., 7th July 1918.' (folio 61)'SKETCH MAP OF ABADEH.' (folio 74)'Sketch Map to Illustrate OPERATIONS TOWARDS FIRUZABAD (July 1918.)' (folio 82)'PERSIA. INDIA AND ADJACENT COUNTRIES. SHEET NO. 17' (folio 84)'ACTION NEAR FIRUZABAD. [23rd-24th July 1918].' (folio 85)Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 87; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: the volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
29. 'Report by H. E. General Lord Rawlinson of Trent, Commander-in-Chief in India, on the Minor Military Operations undertaken by the South Persia Rifles from November 1919 to November 1921'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file consists of a report by Henry Seymour Rawlinson, Commander-in-Chief in India, to the Secretary to the Government of India, Army Department on minor operations undertaken by the South Persia Rifles, November 1919 to November 1921.It includes: command appointments; operations, with statistics for killed and wounded; and the disbandment of the South Persia Rifles.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 3; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
30. 'Report by H. E. General Lord Rawlinson of Trent, Commander-in-Chief in India, on the Minor Military Operations undertaken from 1917 to 1921 in North and North East Persia'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file consists of a report by Henry Seymour Rawlinson, Commander-in-Chief in India, to the Secretary to the Government of India, Army Department on minor operations in North and North East Persia from 1917-21.It includes the East Persian Cordon and Meshed [Mashhad] Military Mission, with three appendices listing the units employed in North and East Persia during the period covered:Appendix A – Meshed Mission and East Persian Cordon, January 1918;Appendix B – Meshed Mission and East Persian Cordon, January 1919;Appendix C - East Persia Force and Line of Communications, February 1920.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 4; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
31. 'REPORT on the Working of the Line of Communication AND ON THE Withdrawal of the British Military Mission IN EAST PERSIA, 1919-20. GENERAL STAFF INDIA.
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume is titled Report on the Working of the Line of Communication and on the Withdrawal of the British Military Mission in East Persia, General Staff India. The volume is marked confidential and was printed in Delhi by Superintendent Government Printing, India, in 1921.The report is from the General Officer Commanding, Baluchistan District to the Chief of the General Staff; the report contains preliminary remarks on 'The withdrawal of the troops of the British Military Mission at and beyond Meshed, and of the Lines of Communication'. There follows the substantive report from the Inspector-General of Communications, East Persia, Duzdap to the General Staff, Baluchistan District, Quetta. This report is divided into two parts:Part I - 'A brief report on the working and organization of the Line of Communications, East Persia, in April 1920'Part II - 'The withdrawal' which has the following sub-sections: general; supply and transport services (including some special points for consideration); medical; ordnance; works; posts and telegraphs; vetinary.The report is accompanied by nine maps:'APPENDIX 1. SKETCH MAP SHOWING POSITION OF POST AND COMBINED OFFICES IN EAST PERSIA' (folio 10)'APPENDIX 1. L. OF C.E.P. INTELLIGENCE SYSTEM' (folio 12)'APPENDIX 2. AREA ON THE EAST PERSIA L. OF C. COMMON TO RAIDING (folio 15)'APPENDIX 1. GRAPHIC MAP ILLUSTRATING THE NORMAL SOURCES FROM WHICH THE TROOPS IN EAST PERSIA WERE SUPPLIED AND THE CONTINUOUS MOVEMENTS BY WHICH THE SUPPLIES WERE NORMALLY DISTRIBUTED TO THE FORCE AT MESHED AND TO THE GARRISONS OF POSTS ON L. OF C.' (folio 18)'APPENDIX 1. LINES OF COMMUNICATION EAST PERSIA' (folio 33)'APPENDIX 3. DIAGRAM SHOWING POSITIONS OF TELEPHONE, TELEGRAPH AND COMBINED OFFICES IN EAST PERSIA' (folio 35)'COLUMNS AND CONVOYS WOKRING IN CONNECTION WITH WITHDRAWAL FROM EAST PERSIA' (folio 55)'DAYS AFTER ZERO' (folio 62)'PLAN showing ORGANIZATION OF LINE OF COMMUNICATIONS (ADMINISTRATIVE AND DEFENCE TROOPS) (folio 77)Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 78; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
32. 'Report of the Operations connected with the Occupation of Penjwin between April 18th and May 7th, 1927'.
- Description:
- Abstract: The file consists of a report on the operations connected with the occupation of Penjwin [District], Iraq by the Iraq Levies and Iraq Army, between 18 April and 7 May 1927. Promulgated by Command of the Air Council. Published by the Air Ministry.The appendices include: supply arrangements; orders for operations and defence, marches, and command appointments; the selection of blockhouses; sketches and accounts of action against the Kurds; a medical report; and comments on the operations.Also includes one map on folio 27: 'IRĀQ & PERSIA'.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 27; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
33. 'Report on the operations carried out in the southern desert in connection with the Iraq-Najd borders, June 1928-May 1929.'
- Description:
- Abstract: A printed report on air and motorcar operations carried out along the Iraq-Najd border following several cross-border raids. The report was produced and issued by the Air Ministry and printed in London in July 1930. The volume is divided into three sections: the report; appendices; and maps.The report contains the following sub-headings: The Uqubba Incident on 1st January, 1929; Ajman Raid.List of Appendices:I. Distribution of Forces--Southern DesertII. Flying TimesIII. SignalsIV. Report on Weather Conditions in the Southern Desert--June, 1928, to May, 1929V. Medical Arrangements--Southern Desert--1928-29VI. Memorandum of Armament during Operations in the Southern Desert--June, 1928-May, 1929VII. Supply of Transport Services--Period June, 1928-May, 1929VIII. Stores Organisation and Accounting--Period June, 1928-May, 1929IX. Maintenance of Aircraft and Engines of Detachments Engaged--Period June, 1928-May, 1929.Folio 15 is a map of Basra and Hail [Ḥā’il].Physical description: Foliation: The main foliation sequence commences at the front cover and terminates at the back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio (except for the back cover, where the folio number is on the verso).Pagination: The volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
34. 'REPORT ON minor operations undertaken by the South Persia Rifles from the 28th March to the 25th June 1917.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file is a printed report, consisting of a despatch from Brigadier-General Sir Percy Sykes, Inspector General, South Persia Rifles, to the Chief of the General Staff, Army Headquarters, Simla, which provides details of five minor military operations undertaken against tribes in southern Persia. Five sketch maps appear at the end (ff 9-11).The report was published in 1917 by the General Staff, India, and printed at the Government Central Branch Press, Simla.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 12; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located at the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: the volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
35. 'Report of Mesopotamia Commission'
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence consists of commentary by officials of the India Office on the Report of the Mesopotamia Commission under a range of topics including the placing of orders for river transport.Correspondents include the War Office; the Secretary of State for India; and the Director of Inland Water Transport, Basra.The file contains one item dated 9 December 1918, as well as copies of correspondence from 1915-16. The rest of the material covers the period June-July 1917.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 83; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional typed foliation sequence is also present between ff 31-48.
36. 'Muscat Rising of 1913'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file concerns the 1913 uprising of the Ibāḍī imamate and the tribes of the interior of Oman under the leadership of Sālim bin Rāshid al-Kharūṣī against the authority of the Sultan of Muscat and Oman, al-Sayyid Fayṣal bin Turkī Āl Bū Sa‘īd, and the subsequent intervention and deployment of British Indian troops of the 2nd Rajput Regiment stationed at Bushire. The correspondence in the file is between Major Percy Zachariah Cox, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, and Major Stuart George Knox, Political Agent at Muscat. There are also correspondence with Sayyid Muammad bin Sayyed Saeed [Sayyid Muḥammad bin Sayyid Sa‘īd]; Faysal bin Turki Al Bu Said, Sultan of Muscat; Foreign Department of the Government of India; Foreign Office officials Tehran; Senior Naval Officer in the Persian Gulf; Commander of the Steam Ship Dwarka; Major Smith, Officer Commanding of troops at Reshire; General Officer Commanding, Bombay Brigade; Residency Agent, Sharjah, ‘Abd al-Latif; and Arnold Talbot Wilson, India Office.Physical description: Foliation: The main foliation sequence commences at the front cover and terminates at the back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and can be found in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A second incomplete foliation sequence runs between ff 4-17 and ff 73-296; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence. Foliation errors: 1, 1A, 1B, 1C and 1D; 26 and 26A. Fold out folios: 67 and 246.