Abstract: This memorandum is a continuation of a previous memorandum dated 27 November 1912 (see IOR/L/PS/18/C120b).The memorandum provides a summary of two significant loans made to Persia in 1913: a joint Anglo-Russian Advance of £400,000, and an Anglo-Indian advance of £100,000 for the purpose of setting up a force of gendarmerie in Fars. Details of the securities pledged by the Persian Government to both Britain and Russia for these loans are also included, along with two summaries outlining Persian liabilities to Britain at the end of 1912 and 1913 respectively.Physical description: Foliation: the sequence for this description commences at f 57, and terminates at f 60, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
Abstract: The memorandum concerns events in Persia, and diplomatic exchanges (predominantly between Britain and Russia) related to Persia, during 1906 and 1907. More specifically it covers the following topics:proposals by the Dutch engineer Graadt Van Roggen for a Karun irrigation scheme, and objections from the Persian Government to the Seistan [Sīstān] Water Award;an attack on HM Consulate at Seistan on 28 March 1906, and a separate attack on Colonel Douglas and Captain Lorimer in Luristan [Lorestān];proposals for an increase in the Consular Guard at Ahwaz, Isphanan [Eşfahān], and Shiraz.It also provides information on recent developments in the Persian telegraphic network:a proposed exchange of control of the Meshed [Mashhad]-Seistan and Tehran-Meshed telegraph wires between Britain and Russia;a proposal to secure the renewal of the Indo-European Telegraph's Persian Concession from 1925;proposals to extend the Seistan telegraph to the Indian frontier and install a duplicate wire from Tehran to Shahrud.The following financial topics are also included:efforts to effect the appointment of a French financial adviser to the Persian Government;a concession obtained for the establishment of a German bank at Tehran;a proposed Anglo-Russian loan to the Persian Government (the text of which can be found on folio 77v), and a further proposed advance upon the accession of a new Shah.The appendix (folios 81v-94) contains transcripts of papers (aide-mémoires, correspondence, draft agreements and conventions) illustrating the development of the Anglo-Russian agreement on Persia, see folios 81v-90. It also contains a copy of the text of the Anglo-Russian Agreement on folios 90-93v, and a declaration respecting the Persian Gulf on folio 94. The correspondents include: Sir Edward Grey, Foreign Secretary; Sir Arthur Nicolson, Ambassador to Russia; and Alexander Izvolsky, Russia's Foreign Minister. The appendix is made up of a combination of English and French language material.The memorandum is signed by William Erskine of the Foreign Office.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at f 61, and terminates at f 94, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
Abstract: This memorandum is a continuation of a previous memorandum dated 17 October 1910 (see IOR/L/PS/18/C120a).The memorandum summarises a number of major loans made by the British to the Persian Government from 1910-1912: this therefore includes summaries of the following:the Persian Government 5% Loan of £1,250,000 (1911);the Anglo-Russian Advance of £200,000 (1912) and Anglo-Indian Advances made as a result in August and November 1912;the remuneration of the Imperial Bank of Persia for its services in facilitating loans to the Persian Government.The appendix (folio 56) includes a table of amortisation annuity for the Persian Government Loan of 1910, which consolidated its debts to the Imperial Bank of Persia; it outlines the interest payable by year from 1913-1927. It also includes a copy of the joint note issued to the Government of Persia by British and Russian ministers outlining the terms of the Anglo-Russian Advance (1912).This memorandum continues in a subsequent memorandum dated 1 September 1913 (see IOR/L/PS/18/C120c).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at f 54, and terminates at f 56, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
Abstract: The memorandum outlines a number of loans and advances made to the Persian Government by Britain and Russia respectively at the turn of the twentieth century; this includes information on the securities pledged by Persia to meet repayments. It also covers British concerns over the definition of the Southern/Gulf Ports of Persia (pledged as security for British loans), and British fears that the customs of these ports might fall under the control of another foreign power, or be used as security for non-British loans. Also outlined in the memorandum are a number of proposed loans that never reached fruition, and a proposed conversion loan in 1910 from the Imperial Bank of Persia in order to consolidate the Persian Government's debt.Information on some of the diplomatic discourse which has taken place from 1900 to 1912 between the Foreign Office, the India Office, and Russian representatives regarding the payment of loans to Persia is also included.The appendix on folios 48-53 contains supporting transcripts, which include:an extract from a memorandum by Sir Arthur Henry Hardinge, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Persia, dated 29 March 1903; it provides background details on the Imperial Bank of Persia (f 48);a note on the Caspian Fisheries (f 48);the text of an agreement for the advance of £200,000 by the Imperial Bank of Persia to the Persian Government (ff 48v-49)a table showing the amortization scheme for the Anglo-Indian Loan of 1903-04; extracted from a report on Persia by Sir Cecil Arthur Spring-Rice (f 49);a statement (in French) by the Administrator of the Persian Customs as to 'fixed charges' on the customs revenue, dated 1909 (ff 49v-50);the text of an agreement between the Imperial Bank of Persia and the Persian Government, dated 8 June 1910, with supplementary letters from the Bank to the Persian Finance Minister, dated 2-4 June 1910; it regards the repayment of debts owed to the bank (ff 50-51);a list of payments and receipts from the Imperial Bank of Persia (1903-1910) respecting loans or proposed loans to the Persian Government (ff 51v-52).Some extracts quoted in the main body of the memorandum are in French, as are a number of the appendices. An index can be found on folio 54.This memorandum is continued in a subsequent memorandum dated 27 November 1912 (see IOR/L/PS/18/C120b).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at f 33, and terminates at f 53, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: the item also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
Abstract: Confidential printed abstracts of letters received by the India Office from the Government of India, and from senior officials in certain areas outside India, during the year 1861. The letters are dated 1 January 1861-29 December 1861. The abstracts are numbered 183-301 and each have one of the following titles:Abstract of Letters Received from IndiaAbstract of Military Letters Received from IndiaAbstract of Secret Letters Received from IndiaAbstract of Letters Received from Zanzibar.Each abstract contains summaries of one or more letters from the specified source, each with a title giving the subject of the letter. Letters from India are divided within each abstract by the branch or department of the Government of India they originated from. The correspondence included in the volume concerns events in British India, Oman, Aden and the coast of East Africa, including:Revenue and expenditureThe retirements, dismissals and appointments of military and civil personnelTaxation and duties, including income and land taxes, and duties on salt, sugar, opium and saltpetreThe reduction of the Indian NavyCommunications, such as postal services and telegraph linesTransport and public works, including railways, canals and river navigation, irrigation, ports, roads and steam shippingThe foreign relations of the Government of India, including with Nepal, Bhotan [Bhutan], Turkey [the Ottoman Empire] and SikkimFrench activity on the coast of East Africa, including rumours of ‘aggressive designs’, alleged involvement in the trade in enslaved people at Zanzibar and the Comoro Isles [the Comoros Islands], and the alleged murder of a French consular agent at AdenThe production of crops, particularly cottonMilitary affairs, including the recruitment and disbandment of military units, organisation and supply, military reform, the reduction of military expenditure, the distribution of prize money, and the amalgamation of the army and formation of a Staff CorpsThe pay and pensions of civil and military personnel in IndiaThe planned telegraph line linking England and India, including the construction of the line through the territory of Turkey and Persia [Iran]Disputes over the cultivation of indigo between ‘ryots’ and landlords in Bengal, including the publication of a subversive play concerning the disputesLegal affairs, including the appointment of judges to small cause courts and plans for the establishment of High Courts in IndiaThe trade in enslaved people at Zanzibar and on the coast of East AfricaThe British ‘expedition’ against Sikkim and the resulting treaty between Britain and Sikkim [Treaty of Tumlong]The machinery of the Government of India, including proposals for the establishment of Legislative Councils, and the composition of the Executive Council of the Governor-GeneralThe affairs of the Princely States and other local rulers and dignitaries, particularly concerning pensions and finances, including the affairs of the former regent of the Sikh Empire, Maharanee Chunda Kower [Maharani Jind Kaur]Famine in ‘Upper India’ and the response of the Government of IndiaAffairs in the Persian Gulf, including: the British having compelled the Sheikh of Bahrein [Hakim of Bahrain, Shaikh Muḥammad bin Khalīfah Āl Khalīfah] to withdraw his blockade of the ‘Wahabee [Wahhābī] coast’; British arbitration in the sovereignty dispute between the Ruler of Muscat, Syud Thooenee [Sayyid Thuwaynī bin Sa‘īd Āl Bū Sa‘īd], and the Ruler of Zanzibar, Syud Majid [Sayyid Mājid bin Sa‘īd Āl Bū Sa‘īd]; and the conduct of the Political Agent, Muscat, Lieutenant William Pengelly, in a dispute between Syud Thooenee and Syud Toorkee [Sayyid Turkī bin Sa‘īd Āl Bū Sa‘īd].The primary correspondents are:The Government of India (Ecclesiastical, Educational, Electric Telegraph, Financial, Foreign, Home, Judicial, Legislative, Marine, Military, Political, Postal, Post Office, Public, Public Works, Railway, Revenue, and Separate Revenue Departments)The Governor-General of IndiaThe Political Agent, Zanzibar.The abstracts were printed and bound in London, and each one includes the following colophon: ‘LONDON: Printed by GEORGE E. EYRE and WILLIAM SPOTTISWOODE, Printers to the Queen’s most Excellent Majesty. For Her Majesty’s Stationery Office.’Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 323; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains multiple original pagination sequences.
Abstract: Confidential printed abstracts of letters received by the India Office from the Government of India, and from senior officials in certain areas outside India, during the year 1862. The letters are dated 3 January 1862-31 December 1862. The abstracts are numbered 1-140 and each have one of the following titles:Abstract of Letters Received from IndiaAbstract of Secret Letters Received from IndiaAbstract of Military Letters Received from IndiaAbstract of Letters Received from the Resident at AdenAbstract of Secret Letters Received from the Resident at Aden.Each abstract contains summaries of one or more letters from the specified source, each with a title giving the subject of the letter. Letters from India are divided within each abstract by the branch or department of the Government of India they originated from. The correspondence included in the volume concerns events in British India, the Persian Gulf, and Aden and the coast of East Africa, including:Revenue and expenditureCommunications, such as postal services and telegraph linesPublic works, including railways and roads, canals and river navigation, ports, irrigation, and forestryLand issues, including taxation, surveys, the use and sale of land, and disputes over the payment of rentsThe affairs of the Princely States, including internal administration and succession, and other dynastic affairs of local rulersInternal affairs, including the reorganisation of police forces and the establishment of High CourtsMilitary affairs, including the recruitment and disbandment of military units, organisation and supply, the reduction of military expenditure, military reform, and the command of military units, and also the fortifications and harbour defences at Bombay [Mumbai]The production of crops, such as indigo, cotton and opiumThe pay and pensions of civil and military personnel in IndiaEmigration from India to British and French coloniesThe 'suppression' of suttee [sati] in IndiaThe construction of a telegraph line in the Persian Gulf as part of a line between England and India, particularly along the Mekran [Makran] Coast in Persia [Iran]French activity in the Indian Ocean, including at Aden, the Red Sea, and MadagascarAffairs in Aden, including a dispute concerning a debt owed to the Foudtheli [Faḍlī] ruler, Sultan Ahmed [Aḥmad bin ‘Abdullāh al-Faḍlī], and proposals for the improvement of defences at AdenAffairs in Afghanistan, including the operations of the Ameer of Cabul [Kabul], Dost Mahomed [Dūst Muḥammad Khān Bārakzāy, Amīr of Afghanistan] against HeratAffairs in Burmah [Burma or Myanmar], including proposals for the establishment of a British Chief CommissionershipAffairs in East Africa, including the trade in enslaved people at Zanzibar, and the 'massacre' of European sailors by Somalies [Somalis]Affairs in the Gulf, including: the intention of the Ruler of Bahrein, Sheikh Mahomed Bin Khaleefa [Hakim of Bahrain, Shaikh Muḥammad bin Khalīfah Āl Khalīfah] to declare war against the Wahabees [Wahhābīs] due to a dispute with the ruler of Demaun [Damman], Mahomed Bin Abdoollah [Muḥammad bin ‘Abdullāh]; and a revolt of the Beni Sâd [Āl Sa‘d] against the Sultan of Muscat, Seyed Thoweynee [Sayyid Thuwaynī bin Sa‘īd Āl Bū Sa‘īd]Affairs on the Northeast Frontier of India, including the military campaign against a ‘disturbance’ in the Cossyah [Khasi] and Jynteah [Jaintia] Hills, and the threat of an attack upon Darjeeling by Bhotan [Bhutan].The primary correspondents are:The Government of India (Education, Electric, Financial, Foreign, General, Home, Judicial, Legislative, Marine, Political, Public Works, Railway, Revenue and Telegraph departments)The Governor-General of IndiaThe Political Resident, AdenThe Political Agent, Zanzibar.The abstracts were printed and bound in London, and each one includes the following colophon: ‘LONDON: Printed by GEORGE E. EYRE and WILLIAM SPOTTISWOODE, Printers to the Queen’s most Excellent Majesty. For Her Majesty’s Stationery Office.’Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 374; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains three original pagination sequences between ff 4-6, ff 10-358, and ff 359-371.
Abstract: The volume contains letters and reports related to tribal disturbances at Sur. The correspondence is mainly concerned with the issue of the Amirs of Ja'alan [Emirs of Ja'lan] Bani Bu Ali rebelling against the Sultan of Muscat and Oman and claiming the following rights: to rule over Sur, to pay no customs taxes, to interfere with the affairs of the tribes of Sur by force, and to establish their own customs in the village of Aiqa [Al ‘Ayjah].The volume also includes correspondence regarding the following: petitions raised by the Sur Hindu traders; the settlement of the account of a Chinese merchant; the death of one of the Amirs of Ja'alan, Shaikh Muhammad bin Nasir Al Hamudah, on 4 February 1929; and the visit of Sa‘id bin Taymur al Bu Sa‘idi to Sur to settle the problems there.The volume also includes: copies of questionnaires related to Sur; a list of the estimated expenses of the Muscat Levy; various reports on Sur; and reports regarding the building of two customs posts- one at Aiqa and one at Muqrimatain [or Maqrumtain], Sur.The main correspondents in the volume are the following: the Political Agent, Muscat; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, Bushire; the Government of Muscat and Oman; and the Amirs of Ja'alan.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 340; these numbers are printed, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 3-338; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers.
Abstract: This volume concerns two subsidies paid by the Government of India to the Sultan of Muscat and Oman, which are referred to in the correspondence as the Zanzibar subsidy and the arms traffic subsidy. The latter subsidy is referred to as initially having been granted to Sultan Faisal bin Turki [Fayṣal bin Turkī Āl Bū Sa‘īd] as a personal subsidy in 1912, in recognition of his co-operation in the suppression of arms traffic in the Persian Gulf. The Zanzibar subsidy is described as being the right of any Sultan recognised by the British Government, 'subject to their fulfilling certain conditions.'The date range of the volume is 1921-1939; however, there is no material dating from 1924-1931. The correspondence dating from 1921 to 1923 (ff 2-40) notes the continuation of the arms traffic subsidy following the death of Sultan Faisal bin Turki, owing to certain exceptional circumstances, and discusses whether it should be reduced or withdrawn when his successor, Sultan Taimur bin Faisal [Taymūr bin Fayṣal bin Turkī Āl Bū Sa‘īd] ceases to rule. The question is raised again in 1932, following the abdication of Sultan Taimur bin Faisal and the accession of his son, Saiyid Said bin Taimur [Sa‘īd bin Taymūr Āl Bū Sa‘īd], and this later correspondence discusses the extension of the subsidy and its eventual discontinuation in January 1936. Also discussed are changes to the arrangements for the payment of the Zanzibar subsidy.The volume features the following principal correspondents: the Political Agent and Consul, Muscat; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the Government of India's Foreign Secretary; the Viceroy of India; the Sultan of Muscat and Oman; officials of the India Office and the Government of India's Foreign and Political Department.The Arabic language material mostly consists of correspondence exchanged between British representatives and the Sultan of Muscat, of which English translations are also present.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 146; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
Abstract: This volume concerns matters relating to the finances of the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman, including its budgets and its revenue. It is largely comprised of copies of various kinds of financial statements, produced by the Government of Muscat's Director of Revenues and forwarded to the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf by the Political Agent and Consul at Muscat. Statements include the following: budget estimates, quarterly statements of revenue and expenditure, statements of revenue by month as compared with previous years, and summary statements of the Sultanate's overall financial position. The volume also features a significant amount of related correspondence, mostly between the Political Agent and the Political Resident.The Arabic language material mainly consists of letters between the Political Agent and representatives of the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman, including the Sultan of Muscat and Oman [Sa‘īd bin Taymūr Āl Bū Sa‘īd]. English translations are also present. The date range of the entire volume is 1934-1940; however, most of the material dates from 1934 to 1938.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 239; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
Abstract: This file contains a small amount of correspondence concerning the state finances of the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman. The letters discuss the Sultan of Muscat and Oman's [Sa‘īd bin Taymūr Āl Bū Sa‘īd] investment in Government of India war bonds, as well as details of the Sultan's accounts with Lloyds Bank and the British Bank of Iran and the Middle East (formerly the Imperial Bank of Iran). Correspondents include the following: the Political Agent and Consul, Muscat; officials of HM Treasury, the Foreign Office, Lloyds Bank, and the British Bank of Iran and the Middle East.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 9; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
Abstract: This file concerns matters relating to the finances of the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman. It is largely comprised of copies of various kinds of financial statements, produced by the Government of Muscat and Oman and forwarded to the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf by the Political Agent and Consul at Muscat.The statements include the following details: budget estimates, estimated revenue and expenditure, and actual revenue and expenditure. Also included are brief statements which provide summaries of the Sultanate's financial position. The volume also features a significant amount of related correspondence, mostly between the Political Agent and the Political Resident but also between the Political Agent and representatives of the Government of Muscat and Oman, namely the Government's Finance Officer and the Sultan of Muscat and Oman [Sa‘īd bin Taymūr Āl Bū Sa‘īd]. Other notable correspondents include officials of the Government of India's Finance and Foreign Departments.The correspondence discusses the contents of the statements, as well as other related matters, such as the Sultan of Muscat and Oman's own personal finances, and whether certain items that are currently omitted from the state budget (e.g. the accounts of the Muscat and Dhofar oil concessions) should be included. Also discussed is the possibility of the Sultan investing some of his government's money in Government of India bonds, as proposed by the Political Resident.The Arabic language material mainly consists of correspondence from the Sultan of Muscat and Oman (English translations are included).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 248; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
Abstract: This file concerns arrangements for payments of the Zanzibar subsidy by the Government of India to the Sultan of Muscat and Oman. The correspondence discusses details of advance payments, refunds, and receipts. Also discussed are details relating to a War Subsidy, to be paid from 1 May 1940 onwards for the duration of the Second World War.Most of the correspondence is between the Political Agent and Consul at Muscat and representatives of the Government of Muscat and Oman (namely the Sultan of Muscat and Oman and, later in the file, the Government of Muscat and Oman's Finance Officer). In addition, there is a small amount of correspondence between the Political Agent, the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, and officials of the British Government of India.The date range of the volume is 1939-1948; however, most of the material dates from 1939 to 1942, and there is no material from the years 1943, 1944 and 1946. The correspondence concludes in 1948 with arrangements for the handing over of responsibility for the Zanzibar subsidy to His Majesty's Government.The Arabic language material consists of letters to the Political Agent from the Sultan of Muscat and Oman [Sa‘īd bin Taymūr Āl Bū Sa‘īd], most of which include English translations.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 141; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.