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1. 'Mesopotamia. Jurisdiction over Foreigners'
- Description:
- Abstract: This is a printed report by Sir Edgar Bonham Carter, Judicial Secretary, Baghdad, concerning the legal jurisdiction over foreigners in Mesopotamia. The report includes details of various schemes, including: 'Scheme to vest in the ordinary Courts jurisdiction to hear all cases in which Foreigners are interested', 'Scheme to create special Mixed Tribunals on the Egyptian model and confer on them jurisdiction in all cases in which foreigners are interested', 'Scheme to vest in British Judges or in Special Courts composed of British and Mesopotamian Judges to hear all cases in which foreigners are interested'. In addition, the report includes three appendices: 'Appendix I: Translation of Imperial Iradeh, dated 26th Aab 1330 (8th September 1914), abolishing the Capitulations'; 'Appendix II: Turkey and Persia. Treaty dated 31st May 1847. Article VII. Appointment of Consuls, Privileges, Most Favoured Nation Treatment'; and 'Appendix II: Juridiction of a Peace Court'.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation for this description commences at folio 144 and terminates at folio 147, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between folios 7-147 of the volume; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.
2. 'Serial No. 30 File No. M-1/J. Subject: Examination on Commission.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence regarding eight separate cases raised with the Bahrain Political Agency from Courts, Firms, and Attorneys outside of Bahrain, asking for help in obtaining testimonies from certain individuals in Bahrain. Examples of those are the Law Offices of Thelen, the Court of the Subordinate Judge of Noakhali, the Court of Small Causes at Bombay, and Fall and Fall Attorneys. Where possible, the Political Agent made the necessary investigations and wrote back to the senders providing them with witnesses' testimonies.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 180; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Two additional foliation sequences are also present in parallel between ff 2-127, and ff 133-175; these numbers are also written in pencil and crayon, but are not circled.
3. ‘ABSTRACT OF LETTERS FROM INDIA 1862.’
- Description:
- Abstract: Confidential printed abstracts of letters received by the India Office from the Government of India, and from senior officials in certain areas outside India, during the year 1862. The letters are dated 3 January 1862-31 December 1862. The abstracts are numbered 1-140 and each have one of the following titles:Abstract of Letters Received from IndiaAbstract of Secret Letters Received from IndiaAbstract of Military Letters Received from IndiaAbstract of Letters Received from the Resident at AdenAbstract of Secret Letters Received from the Resident at Aden.Each abstract contains summaries of one or more letters from the specified source, each with a title giving the subject of the letter. Letters from India are divided within each abstract by the branch or department of the Government of India they originated from. The correspondence included in the volume concerns events in British India, the Persian Gulf, and Aden and the coast of East Africa, including:Revenue and expenditureCommunications, such as postal services and telegraph linesPublic works, including railways and roads, canals and river navigation, ports, irrigation, and forestryLand issues, including taxation, surveys, the use and sale of land, and disputes over the payment of rentsThe affairs of the Princely States, including internal administration and succession, and other dynastic affairs of local rulersInternal affairs, including the reorganisation of police forces and the establishment of High CourtsMilitary affairs, including the recruitment and disbandment of military units, organisation and supply, the reduction of military expenditure, military reform, and the command of military units, and also the fortifications and harbour defences at Bombay [Mumbai]The production of crops, such as indigo, cotton and opiumThe pay and pensions of civil and military personnel in IndiaEmigration from India to British and French coloniesThe 'suppression' of suttee [sati] in IndiaThe construction of a telegraph line in the Persian Gulf as part of a line between England and India, particularly along the Mekran [Makran] Coast in Persia [Iran]French activity in the Indian Ocean, including at Aden, the Red Sea, and MadagascarAffairs in Aden, including a dispute concerning a debt owed to the Foudtheli [Faḍlī] ruler, Sultan Ahmed [Aḥmad bin ‘Abdullāh al-Faḍlī], and proposals for the improvement of defences at AdenAffairs in Afghanistan, including the operations of the Ameer of Cabul [Kabul], Dost Mahomed [Dūst Muḥammad Khān Bārakzāy, Amīr of Afghanistan] against HeratAffairs in Burmah [Burma or Myanmar], including proposals for the establishment of a British Chief CommissionershipAffairs in East Africa, including the trade in enslaved people at Zanzibar, and the 'massacre' of European sailors by Somalies [Somalis]Affairs in the Gulf, including: the intention of the Ruler of Bahrein, Sheikh Mahomed Bin Khaleefa [Hakim of Bahrain, Shaikh Muḥammad bin Khalīfah Āl Khalīfah] to declare war against the Wahabees [Wahhābīs] due to a dispute with the ruler of Demaun [Damman], Mahomed Bin Abdoollah [Muḥammad bin ‘Abdullāh]; and a revolt of the Beni Sâd [Āl Sa‘d] against the Sultan of Muscat, Seyed Thoweynee [Sayyid Thuwaynī bin Sa‘īd Āl Bū Sa‘īd]Affairs on the Northeast Frontier of India, including the military campaign against a ‘disturbance’ in the Cossyah [Khasi] and Jynteah [Jaintia] Hills, and the threat of an attack upon Darjeeling by Bhotan [Bhutan].The primary correspondents are:The Government of India (Education, Electric, Financial, Foreign, General, Home, Judicial, Legislative, Marine, Political, Public Works, Railway, Revenue and Telegraph departments)The Governor-General of IndiaThe Political Resident, AdenThe Political Agent, Zanzibar.The abstracts were printed and bound in London, and each one includes the following colophon: ‘LONDON: Printed by GEORGE E. EYRE and WILLIAM SPOTTISWOODE, Printers to the Queen’s most Excellent Majesty. For Her Majesty’s Stationery Office.’Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 374; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains three original pagination sequences between ff 4-6, ff 10-358, and ff 359-371.
4. 'ABSTRACT OF LETTERS FROM INDIA. 1864.'
- Description:
- Abstract: Confidential printed abstracts of letters received by the India Office from the Government of India, and from senior officials in certain areas outside India, during the year 1864. The letters are dated 9 January 1864-31 December 1864. The abstracts are numbered 1-136 and each have one of the following titles:Abstract of Letters Received from IndiaAbstract of Military Letters Received from IndiaAbstract of Secret Letters Received from IndiaAbstract of Secret Letters Received from the Resident at AdenAbstract of Secret Letters Received from the Political Resident at AdenAbstract of Secret Letters Received from the Governor of the Straits SettlementsAbstract of Secret Letters Received from the Political Agent at Zanzibar.Each abstract contains summaries of one or more letters from the specified source, each with a title giving the subject of the letter. Letters from India are divided within each abstract by the branch or department of the Government of India they originated from. The correspondence included in the volume concerns events in British India, Affghanistan [Afghanistan], Bootan [Bhutan], Burmah [Burma or Myanmar], the Straits Settlements, Aden, Oman, the Persian Gulf, and the coast of East Africa, including:Revenue and expenditureFinances, including taxation, the issue of bullion and currency, and the Bank of BengalCommunications, including postal services and telegraph linesPublic works and transportation, including railways and trams, irrigation, river navigation, roads and viaducts, canals, forestry, steam shipping, lighthouses, land reclamation, harbour improvementsLegal affairs, including the establishment of courts, judicial appointments, legal reform and the salaries of High Court judgesThe retirements, dismissals and appointments of military and civil personnelThe pay and pensions of military and civil personnelMilitary affairs, including the recruitment and disbandment of military units, organisation and supply, military reform, the distribution of prize money, the reduction of the army, the sanitary commission for the reduction of disease in the army, and the issuing of Enfield rifles to ‘Native Troops’Internal affairs, including police forces, missionaries, and medical services and hospitalsEducation in India, including the funding for educational institutions and provisions for the education of ‘native females’The production of crops, particularly cotton and teaNaval affairs, including the reduction of the navy, the jurisdiction of the Royal Navy and the purchase of ships from the Anglo-Chinese SquadronThe military expedition against the ‘Sittana fanatics’ on the Punjaub [Punjab] frontierThe death of the incumbent Governor-General of India, Lord Elgin, and his replacement by Sir John LawrenceThe ongoing construction of the telegraph line between Britain and India, including through Mesopotamia and Persia [Iran]Affairs in the Gulf, including claims by the Persian Government over Charbar [Chahabar] and Guadur [Gwadar]The affairs of the Princely States, including finances, succession and issues of jurisdictionAffairs in Affghanistan, including the accession of the Ameer of Cabul [Amīr of Kabul], Shere Ali Khan [Shīr ‘Alī Khān], the dispatch of an envoy to Peshawur [Peshawar] requesting a treaty of alliance between Affghanistan and Britain, and the imprisonment of Sirdar Mahomed Afzul Khan [Sirdār Muḥammad Afḍal Khān] by the Ameer of CabulAffairs in the Straits Settlements, including shipments of arms from Singapore to China, ‘disturbances’ on the Malaya peninsula, and the affairs of the ‘Native States’ of the east coast of Sumatra, where Dutch influence is spreading‘Revolution’ in Abyssinia and the detention of the British Consul, Captain Charles Duncan CameronAffairs at Aden, including the dispute between the Sultan of Lahej, Fodhil [Faḍl IV bin Muḥsin al-‘Abdalī], and ‘the old Foodlee Chief’, Ahmed Bin Abdullah [Aḥmad bin ‘Abdullāh al-Faḍlī, Sultan of Fadhli]; an attack on Hodeida [Al Hudaydah] by Aseerees [ʿAsīris]; and the sale of Little Aden to the BritishThe trade in enslaved people on the coast of East Africa, including efforts to deter the trade at Zanzibar, and the use of the French flag by tradersBritish relations with Bootan, including the military expedition against Bootan in retaliation for the treatment of the British mission to Bootan led by Ashley Eden [Duar War, 1864-1865].The primary correspondents are:The Government of India (Ecclesiastical, Educational, Financial, Foreign, General, Home, Indo-European Telegraph, Judicial, Legislative, Marine, Mekran Telegraph, Political, Public, Public Works, Railway, Revenue Departments)The Governor-General of IndiaThe Governor of the Straits SettlementsThe Political Resident, AdenThe Political Agent, Zanzibar.The abstracts were printed and bound in London, and each one includes the following colophon: ‘LONDON: Printed by GEORGE E. EYRE and WILLIAM SPOTTISWOODE, Printers to the Queen’s most Excellent Majesty. For Her Majesty’s Stationery Office.’Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 447; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains two original pagination sequences between ff 4-14 and ff 15-444.
5. 'File II. IRAQ (3) Vol. 1 Shaikh of Kuwait's Date Gardens on the Shatt-al Arab. (Kuwait's relations with Turkish Govt. and Turkish demand that Kuwaitis should take out Turkish Nationality Certificates)'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume comprises telegrams, despatches, correspondence, memoranda, and notes, relating to the:Shaikh of Kuwait's date gardens on the Shatt al-`ArabTurkish demand that Kuwaitis should take out Turkish Nationality Certificatesregistration of Shaikh Mubarak's property at Faddaghiyaoffer of a cash salary to Shaikh of Kuwait as QaimaqamThe principal correspondents in the volume include the Political Agent, Kuwait, Stuart George Knox; the Ruler of Kuwait, Shaikh Mubarak al Sabah; and the Political Resident in Turkish Arabia, John Gordon Lorimer.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 309; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located at the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-308; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
6. 'File C 4/46 Constitution of the Shara' Court at Kuwait'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file consists of a single letter that was sent from Lieutenant-Colonel William Rupert Hay, the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf to Gordon Noel Jackson, the Political Agent in Kuwait in which Hay requests details of three Egyptian qadis(religious judges) recently hired in Kuwait and the constitution of Kuwait's sharia courts.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 3; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
7. 'File No. E/6 Vol. II Correspondence re Senior Joint Court.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence in the form of letters and memoranda regarding the Senior Joint Courts in Bahrain. Most of the letters are from the Political Agency in Bahrain to the Ruler of Bahrain, Shaikh Hamad bin Isa Al-Khalifa informing him whether the court will be held or not. Shaikh Hamad's replies confirm whether he will be attending the court sitting or not. In cases where Shaikh Hamad was unable to attend, the Agency sent letters to both Shaikh Abdullah bin Isa Al-Khalifa and Shaikh Salman bin Hamad Al-Khalifa requesting them to attend the court sitting on his behalf.In general, the court was held on Wednesday of each week. However, cases were postponed on some occasions if they were not urgent and letters were sent to the Shaikh to inform him that there was no need for him to come to the court sitting.The main correspondence is between the Bahrain Political Agency, the Ruler of Bahrain (Shaikh Hamad bin Isa Al-Khalifa and Shaikh Salman bin Hamad Al-Khalifa) respectively, and Charles Dalrymple Belgrave, Adviser to the Government of Bahrain. Most of the file is in Arabic.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 98; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 3-78; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. ff 79-97 (formerly ff 84-102) have been removed from IOR/R/15/2/1897 and re-foliated to fit this file; previous circled numbers have been crossed out.
8. 'File No. E/6 V. O. Correspondence regarding the Senior and the Junior Joint Courts.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence regarding the Senior and the Junior Joint Courts in Bahrain. Letters were sent from the Political Agent to the Ruler of Bahrain, Shaikh Hamad bin Isa Al-Khalifa, informing him of the dates and times of court proceedings. Shaikh Hamad's replies confirm whether he would be attending or not. Cases were postponed on some occasions if they were not urgent. There were also no court cases at Christmas or on other religious holidays. The Shaikh was informed beforehand when court meetings were postponed. The courts were usually held once or twice a week.The main correspondence is between the Political Agent, Bahrain, and Shaikh Hamad bin Isa Al-Khalifa. Most of the file is in Arabic.The file's core correspondence covers the period December 1930 to December 1935. The earlier start date given for the file is a result of correspondence (folio 74) which is also related to the Joint Court.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 160; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 2-132; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. f 159 (former f 83) has been moved from IOR/R/15/2/1897 and re-foliated to fit this file; previous circled numbers have been crossed out.
9. 'File No. E/6 V. O. Correspondence about the Senior joint Courts.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence regarding the Senior Joint Courts in Bahrain. It mostly consists of letters from the Political Agent to the Ruler of Bahrain, Shaikh Salman bin Hamad Al-Khalifa informing him of the dates and times of the court sittings. Shaikh Salman's replies confirm whether he would be attending or not. Cases were postponed during the month of Ramadan. The courts were held mostly on Wednesdays, and at least once a month. A significant amount of the file is in Arabic.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 141; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-77; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
10. 'File No. G/4 V. O. Miscellaneous Correspondence with the Qadhis.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence in the form of letters sent between the Political Agents in Bahrain including Percy Gordon Loch and Tom Hickinbotham and the Qadis (judges) of the Shia and Sunni Sharia Courts in Bahrain such as the Shia Court Qadi Ali bin Hasan Al-Musa, and the Sunni Court Qadi Mahmud Abdullatif. The correspondence is mainly about arranging visits between the appointed Political Agent and the Qadis to discuss court issues. The file also includes letters sent to welcome new Political Agents upon their arrival in Bahrain, and farewell letters sent upon their departure.The file also contains a memorandum from the Adviser to the Bahrain Government, Charles Dalrymple Belgrave, along with three copies of the new rules laid down for the Shia Sharia Appeal Court.The main correspondence is between the Bahrain Political Agency and the Shia and the Sunni Sharia Courts in Bahrain. A significant amount of the file is in Arabic.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 70; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located at the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 1-69; these numbers are also written in pencil and circled, but are crossed through.
11. 'File 32/7 Certified copies of deeds and documents from 1 January 1927 to 1932'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains certificates and copies of deeds signed by officials in Kuwait. Most of the certifications deal with business transactions, powers of attorney, or legal disputes, and paperwork that required either the signature of the chief court judge of Kuwait or the ruler of Kuwait. The majority of the folios have summary translations provided by the Political Agency in English.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 906; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-905; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
12. 'File 5/7 ORGANISATION AND FUNCTION OF SALIFAH COURT.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file consists of correspondence between the Political Agent, Bahrain and the Adviser to the Government of Bahrain (Charles Dalrymple Belgrave) concerning the Salifah Court, Bahrain, which handled judicial cases relating to the pearl diving trade in Bahrain.The correspondence concerns the organisation, composition and functions of the Salifah Court.The Arabic language content of the papers consists of bilingual correspondence in Arabic and English between the Government of Bahrain and the Political Agency, Bahrain.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 25; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located at the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 3-24; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
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